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| Name, Symbol, Number | lutetium, Lu, 71 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical series | transition metals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Group, Period, Block | n/a, 6, d | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | silvery white |
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| Standard atomic weight | 174.967(1) g·mol−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | Xe 6s2 4f14 5d1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Phase | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | 9. Hafnium (ˈhæfniəm is a Chemical element that has the symbol Hf and Atomic number 72 Yttrium (ˈɪtriəm is a Chemical element with symbol Y and Atomic number 39 Lawrencium (ləˈrɛnsiəm is a Radioactive Synthetic element with the symbol Lr (formerly Lw) and Atomic number 103 This is a typical display of the periodic table of the elements and contains the symbol and Atomic number of each element Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Chemical elements, sorted by name Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the A table of Chemical elements ordered by Atomic number and color coded according to type of element In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in In Chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings It commonly refers to any element in In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in In the Periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table A block of the Periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups The respective highest-energy electrons in each element in a block belong to the same Atomic Occurrence Scandium yttrium and the Lanthanides (except promethium tend to occur together in the Earth's crust and are relatively abundant compared with most D-block A period 6 element is one of the Chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides The d-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of those Periodic table groups that contain elements in which in the atomic ground state the highest-energy The atomic mass (ma is the Mass of an atom most often expressed in unified atomic mass units The atomic mass may be considered to be the total mass To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various Mass levels between 10&minus36&thinsp kg and 1053&thinspkg In Atomic physics and Quantum chemistry, electron configuration is the arrangement of Electrons in an Atom, Molecule, or other Xenon (ˈzɛnɒn or) is a Chemical element represented by the symbol Xe. The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J An electron shell may be crudely thought of as an Orbit followed by Electrons around an Atom nucleus. In the Physical sciences a phase is a Set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain Temperature within enclosed space at which humans are accustomed 841 g·cm−3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liquid density at m.p. | 9. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. 3 g·cm−3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 1925 K (1652 °C, 3006 °F) |
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| Boiling point | 3675 K (3402 °C, 6156 °F) |
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| Heat of fusion | ca. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The standard Enthalpy of fusion (symbol \Delta{}H_{fus} also known as the heat of fusion or specific melting heat, is the amount of 22 kJ·mol−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 414 kJ·mol−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific heat capacity | (25 °C) 26. The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material The enthalpy of vaporization, (symbol \Delta{}_{v}H also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the Energy required The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the Temperature of a unit quantity 86 J·mol−1·K−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | hexagonal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | 3 (weakly basic oxide) |
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| Electronegativity | 1. Vapor pressure (also known as equilibrium vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) is the Pressure of a Vapor in equilibrium In Mineralogy and Crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of Atoms in a Crystal. In Chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of Oxidation of an Atom in a Chemical compound. In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and " Electronegativity " is the opposite of " Electropositivity," which describes an element's ability to donate electrons 27 (Pauling scale) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies (more) |
1st: 523. The ionization potential, ionization energy or EI of an Atom or Molecule is the Energy required to remove an Electron These tables list the Ionization energy in kJ/mol necessary to remove one mole of Electrons from one mole of neutral gaseous Atoms (first energy respectively 5 kJ·mol−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd: 1340 kJ·mol−1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd: 2022. The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material 3 kJ·mol−1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius | 175 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Atomic radius (calc. Atomic radius, and more generally the size of an atom, is not a precisely defined Physical quantity, nor is it constant in all circumstances A picometre ( American spelling: picometer, symbol pm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one trillionth ) | 217 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 160 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Miscellaneous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | no data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical resistivity | (r.t.) (poly) 582 nΩ·m | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | (300 K) 16. The covalent radius, r cov is a measure of the size of Atom which forms part of a Covalent bond. In Physics, magnetism is one of the Phenomena by which Materials exert attractive or repulsive Forces on other Materials. Electrical resistivity (also known as specific electrical resistance) is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of Electric current. Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain Temperature within enclosed space at which humans are accustomed In Physics, thermal conductivity, k is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct Heat. 4 W·m−1·K−1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal expansion | (r.t.) (poly) 9. When the Temperature of a substance changes the energy that is stored in the Intermolecular bonds between atoms changes Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain Temperature within enclosed space at which humans are accustomed 9 µm/(m·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Young's modulus | 68. In Solid mechanics, Young's modulus (E is a measure of the Stiffness of an isotropic elastic material 6 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shear modulus | 27. In Materials science, shear modulus or modulus of rigidity, denoted by G, or sometimes S or μ, is defined as the ratio of Shear 2 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bulk modulus | 47. 6 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Poisson ratio | 0. Poisson's ratio ( ν) named after Simeon Poisson, is the ratio of the relative contraction strain, or transverse strain (normal to 261 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vickers hardness | 1160 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brinell hardness | 893 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS registry number | 7439-94-3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selected isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Lutetium (pronounced /ljuːˈtiːʃiəm/) is a chemical element with the symbol Lu and atomic number 71. Hafnium (ˈhæfniəm is a Chemical element that has the symbol Hf and Atomic number 72 Recommended values for many properties of the elements together with various references are collected on these data pages A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. See also List of elements by atomic number In Chemistry and Physics, the atomic number (also known as the proton A silvery-white rare metal, lutetium is the heaviest member of the rare-earth group. Precious Metal is the eighteenth episode in the of the popular American Crime drama, which is set in Las Vegas, Nevada. [1] Its radioactive isotope is used in nuclear technology to determine the age of meteorites. A radionuclide is an Atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy which is available to be imparted either to a newly-created Nuclear technology is technology that involves the reactions of atomic nuclei. A meteorite is a natural object originating in Outer space that survives an impact with the Earth 's surface [2] lutetium usually occurs in association with yttrium and is sometimes used in metal alloys and as a catalyst in various processes. Yttrium (ˈɪtriəm is a Chemical element with symbol Y and Atomic number 39 An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a Chemical reaction is increased by means of a Chemical substance known as a catalyst A strict correlation between periodic table blocks and chemical series for neutral atoms would describe lutetium as a transition metal because it is in the d-block, but it is a lanthanide according to IUPAC. A block of the Periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups The respective highest-energy electrons in each element in a block belong to the same Atomic In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in In Chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings It commonly refers to any element in The d-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of those Periodic table groups that contain elements in which in the atomic ground state the highest-energy Terminology The Trivial name " Rare earths " is sometimes used to describe all the lanthanoids together with Scandium and Yttrium The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) (aɪjuːpæk or ay-yoo-pec) is an international Non-governmental organization [3]
Contents |
Notable characteristics and applications
Lutetium is a silvery white corrosion-resistant trivalent metal that is relatively stable in air. Corrosion means the breaking down of essential properties in a material due to Chemical reactions with its surroundings The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five Lutetium is the heaviest and hardest of the rare earth elements. Rare earth elements and rare earth metals are according to IUPAC, the collection of seventeen Chemical elements in the Periodic table, namely Lutetium has the highest melting point of any lanthanide, probably related to the lanthanide contraction. Lanthanide contraction is a term used in Chemistry to describe different but closely related concepts associated with smaller than expected ionic radii of the
This element is very expensive to obtain in useful quantities and therefore it has very few commercial uses. However, stable lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization applications. Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a Chemical reaction is increased by means of a Chemical substance known as a catalyst Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit In Petroleum geology and Chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic Molecules such as Kerogens or heavy Hydrocarbons An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline Hydrogenation is the Chemical reaction that results in addition of Hydrogen (H2 In Polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting Monomer Molecules together in a Chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks
Lutetium-176 (176Lu) has been used to date the age of meteorites. A meteorite is a natural object originating in Outer space that survives an impact with the Earth 's surface
Lutetium aluminium garnet (Al5Lu3O12) has been proposed for use as a lens material in high refractive index immersion lithography. Lutetium aluminium garnet (commonly abbreviated LuAG, molecular formula Al5Lu3O12 is a Ceramic material that has been proposed for The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium Immersion lithography is a Photolithography resolution enhancement technique that replaces the usual air gap between the final lens and the wafer surface with a liquid medium
Lutetium-177 (177Lu), when bound to Octreotate (a somatostatin analogue), is used experimentally in targeted radionuclide therapy for neuroendocrine tumours. Somatostatin (also known as growth hormone inhibiting hormone ( GHIH) or somatotropin release-inhibiting factor ( SRIF) is a Peptide hormone A radionuclide is an Atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy which is available to be imparted either to a newly-created Neuroendocrine tumors, or more properly gastro-entero-pancreatic or gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine Tumors ( GEP-NETs) are cancers of
Cerium-doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) is currently the preferred compound for detectors in positron emission tomography (PET. Positron emission tomography ( PET) is a Nuclear medicine imaging technique which produces a three-dimensional image or map of functional processes in the ) [4]
History
Lutetium (Latin Lutetia meaning Paris) was independently discovered in 1907 by French scientist Georges Urbain, Austrian mineralogist Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach and American chemist Charles James. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. History of Paris Lutetia (sometimes Lutetia Parisiorum or Lucotecia, in French Lutèce) was a town in pre-Roman and Roman Gaul Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Georges Urbain (12 April 1872 – 5 November 1938 in Paris) - French chemist professor of Sorbona. Carl Auer Freiherr von Welsbach ( 1 September 1858 - 4 August 1929) was an Austrian Scientist and Inventor who Charles James may refer to name=James Charles [5] All of these men found lutetium as an impurity in the mineral ytterbia which was thought by Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (and most others) to consist entirely of the element ytterbium. Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac ( April 24, 1817 &ndash April 15, 1894) was a Swiss chemist whose work with
The separation of lutetium from Marignac's ytterbium was first described by Urbain and the naming honor therefore went to him. He chose the names neoytterbium (new ytterbium) and lutecium for the new element but neoytterbium was eventually reverted back to ytterbium and in 1949 the spelling of element 71 was changed to lutetium. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Welsbach proposed the names cassiopium for element 71 (after the constellation Cassiopeia) and aldebaranium for the new name of ytterbium but these naming proposals where rejected (although many German scientists in the 1950s called the element 71 cassiopium). Cassiopeia ( colloquially /ˌkæsiˈoʊpiə/ is a northern Constellation which Greek mythology considered to represent the vain queen Cassiopeia who boasted
Occurrence
Found with almost all other rare-earth metals but never by itself, lutetium is very difficult to separate from other elements. Consequently, it is also one of the most expensive metals, costing about six times as much as gold. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79
The principal commercially viable ore of lutetium is the rare earth phosphate mineral monazite: (Ce, La, etc. A phosphate, an Inorganic chemical, is a salt of Phosphoric acid. In Geology, the Mineral monazite is a reddish-brown Phosphate -containing rare earth metals and an important source of Thorium Cerium (ˈsɪəriəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ce and Atomic number 58 Lanthanum (ˈlænθənəm is a Chemical element with the symbol La and Atomic number 57 ) PO4 which contains 0. Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the 003% of the element. Pure lutetium metal has only relatively recently been isolated and is very difficult to prepare (thus it is one of the most rare and expensive of the rare earth metals). The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across It is separated from other rare earth elements by ion exchange and then obtained in the elemental form by reduction of anhydrous LuCl3 or LuF3 by either an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal. Ion exchange is an exchange of Ions between two Electrolytes or between an electrolyte Solution and a complex. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and Fluorine, fluorum meaning "to flow" is the Chemical element with the symbol F and Atomic number 9 Trends The alkali metals show a number of trends when moving down the group - for instance decreasing electronegativity increasing reactivity and decreasing melting and boiling Biological occurrences Beryllium's low aqueous solubility means it is rarely available to biological systems it has no known role in living organisms and when encountered
Isotopes
Naturally occurring lutetium is composed of 1 stable isotope 175Lu (97. Naturally occurring Lutetium ( Lu) is composed of 1 stable Isotope Lu-175 (97 Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides 41% natural abundance) and 1 long-lived beta-radioactive isotope 176Lu with a half-life of 3. In Chemistry, natural abundance (NA refers to the abundance Isotopes of a Chemical element as naturally found on a planet In Nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of Radioactive decay in which a Beta particle (an Electron or a Positron) is emitted Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page 78×1010 years (2. 59% natural abundance). The last one is used in the radiometric dating (see Lutetium-hafnium dating). Radiometric dating (often called radioactive dating) is a technique used to date materials usually based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a naturally occurring 33 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being naturally occurring 176Lu, and artificial isotopes 174Lu with a half-life of 3. A radionuclide is an Atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy which is available to be imparted either to a newly-created 31 years, and 173Lu with a half-life of 1. 37 years. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 9 days, and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than a half an hour. Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation. This element also has 18 meta states, with the most stable being 177mLu (T½=160. A nuclear isomer is a Metastable state of an Atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its Nucleons A nuclear isomer occupies 4 days), 174mLu (T½=142 days) and 178mLu (T½=23. 1 minutes).
The known isotopes of lutetium range in atomic weight from 149. The atomic mass (ma is the Mass of an atom most often expressed in unified atomic mass units The atomic mass may be considered to be the total mass 973 (150Lu) to 183. 961 (184Lu). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 175Lu, is electron capture (with some alpha and positron emission), and the primary mode after is beta emission. Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation. Electron capture (sometimes called inverse beta decay) is a Decay mode for Isotopes that will occur when there are too many Protons in the Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle Positron emission is a type of Beta decay, sometimes referred to as " beta plus " (&beta+ In Nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of Radioactive decay in which a Beta particle (an Electron or a Positron) is emitted The primary decay products before 175Lu are element 70 (ytterbium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 72 (hafnium) isotopes. In Nuclear physics, a decay product, also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope or daughter nuclide, is a Nuclide Hafnium (ˈhæfniəm is a Chemical element that has the symbol Hf and Atomic number 72
Applications
Lutetium is very expensive (upwards of $100 per gram) to obtain on useful quantities and therefore it has very few commercial uses. Some commercial applications include:
- Use as a pure beta emitter, using lutetium which has been exposed to neutron activation. Neutron activation is the process in which Neutron radiation induces Radioactivity in materials and occurs when atomic nuclei capture Free neutrons A tiny amount of lutetium is added as a dopant to gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG), which is used in magnetic bubble memory devices. Gadolinium Gallium Garnet ( GGG, 3512 is a synthetic Crystalline material of the Garnet group with good mechanical thermal Prehistory twistor memory Bubble memory is largely the brainchild of a single person Andrew Bobeck.
- Use as a catalyst in the petroleum industry, or in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). An Organic Light Emitting Diode ( OLED) also Light Emitting Polymer ( LEP) and Organic Electro Luminescence ( OEL) is any
- Research into possible uses for targeted radiotherapy for the development of new cancer therapies. Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of Ionizing radiation as part of Cancer treatment to control Malignant
- Cerium-doped lutetium orthosilicate (Lu2SiO5:Ce), known as LSO, is a scintillator used mainly for Positron Emission Tomography. A scintillator is a substance that absorbs high-energy (ie Ionizing) electromagnetic or charged Particle radiation then in response fluoresces Positron emission tomography ( PET) is a Nuclear medicine imaging technique which produces a three-dimensional image or map of functional processes in the
Compounds
Fluoride: LuF3, Chloride: LuCl3, Bromide: LuBr3, Iodide: LuI3, Oxide: Lu2O3, Sulfide: Lu2S3, Nitride: LuN
Intermetalic compounds:
See also lutetium compounds. Fluoride is the reduced form of Fluorine. Both organic and Inorganic compounds containing the element fluorine are considered fluorides The chloride Ion is formed when the element Chlorine picks up one Electron to form an Anion (negatively-charged ion Cl&minus A bromide Ion is a Bromine atom with charge of −1 Compounds with bromine in formal Oxidation state −1 are called bromides An iodide Ion is an iodine atom with a &minus1 charge. Compounds with iodine in formal Oxidation state &minus1 are called iodides An oxide is a Chemical compound containing at least one Oxygen atom as well as at least one other element Lutetium(III oxide, a white solid is a cubic compound of Lutetium sometimes used in the preparation of specialty Glasses It is also called lutecia The term sulfide ( sulphide in British English) refers to several types of Chemical compounds containing Sulfur in its lowest Oxidation In chemistry a nitride is a compound of Nitrogen with a less Electronegative element where nitrogen has an Oxidation state of -3 Lutetium aluminium garnet (commonly abbreviated LuAG, molecular formula Al5Lu3O12 is a Ceramic material that has been proposed for
Precautions
Like other rare-earth metals lutetium is regarded as having a low degree of toxicity but it and especially its compounds should be handled with care nonetheless. Metal dust of this element is a fire and explosion hazard. Fire is the heat and light energy released during a Chemical reaction, in particular a combustion reaction. An explosion is a sudden increase in Volume and release of Energy in an extreme manner usually with the generation of high Temperatures and the release Lutetium plays no biological role in the human body but is thought to help stimulate metabolism. Metabolism is the set of Chemical reactions that occur in living Organisms in order to maintain Life.
References
- Guide to the Elements - Revised Edition, Albert Stwertka, (Oxford University Press; 1998) ISBN 0-19-508083-1
- Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division: Periodic Table - Lutetium
- ^ Parker, Sybil P. , ed. Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.
- ^ American Heritage. The American Heritage Science Dictionary. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.
- ^ IUPAC Provisional Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (2004) (online draft of an updated version of the "Red Book" IR 3-6)
- ^ Thompson CJ. Instrumentation. In: Wahl RL,ed. Principles and Practice of Positron Emission Tomography. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2002:51.
- ^ Separation of Rare Earth Elements
External links
- WebElements.com - Lutetium (also used as a reference)
- It's Elemental - Lutetium
- pure Lutetium >99,9% picture in the element collection from Heinrich Pniok
Dictionary
lutetium
-noun
- (chemistry) A metallic chemical element (symbol Lu) with an atomic number of 71.
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