| History of Portugal series |
|---|
|
| Topics |
|
| Timeline of Portuguese history |
The Lusitanian War, called the Purinos Polemos (meaning Fiery War),[1] was a war of resistance fought between the advancing legions of the Roman Republic and the Lusitani tribes of Hispania Ulterior from 155 to 139 BC. Portugal is a European Nation whose origins go back to the Early Middle Ages. The Prehistory of the Iberian peninsula begins with the arrival of the first Hominins c In Latin poetry Oestreminis ("Extreme West" was a name given to the territory of what is today modern Portugal, comparable to Finis terrae, the Ophiussa, also spelled Ophiusa, is the ancient name given by the ancient Greeks to what is now Portuguese territory The Gallaeci, Callaeci, or Callaici were a Pre- Roman Celtic single or various tribes living in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were an Indo-European people living in the western Iberian Peninsula long before it became the Roman The Celtici were a Celtic tribe of the Iberian peninsula, akin either to the Lusitanians and Gallaecians or the Celtiberians, living The Cynetes or Conii were a one of the Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula, living in today's Algarve and Low Alentejo regions of southern The Roman conquest of Hispania was a historical period that began with the Roman landing at Empúries in 218 BC and ended with the Roman conquest of the Iberian The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar This article concerns the Roman province For the ship see RMS Lusitania. Gallaecia or Callaecia was the name of a Roman province that comprised The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East The Visigothic kingdom was a Western European power from the fifth to eighth century one of the Successor states to the Western Roman Empire, originally The Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic * swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root * swē- meaning "one's own" Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period The Kingdom of Asturias was the first Christian political entity to be established in the Iberian peninsula after the collapse of the Visigothic Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. Condado de Portucale was the first County founded in Portugal. The County of Coimbra (Condado de Coimbra was a political entity instituted as a military unit of defense in the borders of the Kingdom of Galicia in the Iberian Peninsula The Kingdom of Galicia and Portugal was formed in 1065 after the County of Portugal declared Independence following Condado Portucalense was the second County founded in Portugal. The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal 's general designation under the monarchy. The history of Portugal, in most of the 12th and 13th centuries is chiefly that of its origin as a separate state in the process of the Christian The Consolidation of the Monarchy in Portugal ( 1279 - 1415) 1279 Until the Early 14th Century The chief problems now confronting the monarchy For additional context see History of Portugal and Portuguese Empire. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta This article is a comprehensive list of all the actual possessions of the Portuguese Empire Iberian Union is a modern day term that refers to the historical political unit that governed all of the Iberian peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640 The History of Portugal from the beginning of Maria I's reign in 1777 to the end of the Liberal Wars in 1834 spans a complex historic period in which several The Portuguese First Republic (Primeira República spans a complex 16 year period in the history of Portugal, between the end of the Constitutional Monarchy The Ditadura Nacional ( Portuguese for National Dictatorship was the name of the Portuguese regime initiated by the election of President Óscar Carmona Estado Novo ( Portuguese for " New State " pron (ɨʃ'tadu 'novu also known as the Second Republic) is the name of the Portuguese The Portuguese Third Republic is a period in the History of Portugal corresponding to the current democratic regime installed after the Carnation Revolution Euro 2004 Euro 2004 was won by Greece The final match was played by Greece and Portugal. This article covers the economic history of Portugal. Portugal was once one of the largest and most powerful political and economic powers in the world The Military history of Portugal is as long as the history of the country, either before the emergence of the socio-political reality of an independent Portuguese state The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta The Portuguese language developed in the Western Iberian Peninsula from Latin brought there by Roman soldiers and colonists starting in the 3rd century Medieval music Liturgical repertoire In the early days of the Catholic Church several local liturgies developed such as the Gallican in France the Sarum in England This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal Pre-Roman Western Iberia (Before the 3rd century BC The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The Lusitanians (or Lusitani in Latin) were an Indo-European people living in the western Iberian Peninsula long before it became the Roman During the Roman Republic, Hispania Ulterior (English Further Spain) was a region of Hispania roughly located The Lusitani revolted on two separate occasions (155 and again 146 BC) and were pacified. In 154, a long war in Hispania Citerior known as the Numantine War was begun by the Celtiberians. the Roman Republic, Hispania Citerior (English Hither Spain) was a region of Hispania roughly located in the northeastern coast and in the Ebro The Numantine War (from Bellum Numantinum in Appian 's Roman History) was the last conflict of the Celtiberian Wars fought by the Romans The Celtiberians (or Celt-Iberians were a Celtic people of Hallstatt culture It lasted until 133.
Contents |
History
In 194, war first broke out in between the Romans and the Lusitani, who were an autonomous, (αὐτονόμων), people [2]. Events By place Greece After checking the ambitions of the Spartan Tyrant, Nabis, the Roman forces under By 179, the Romans had mostly succeeded in pacifying the region signing a peace treaty. Events By place Roman Republic Tiberius Gracchus Major goes to Hispania as Roman governor to deal with uprisings there In 155, a major revolt was reignited under the leadership of Punicus who allied with the Vettones. Caesarus succeeded after Punicus death . Other warlord, Caucenus, made war against the Romans in the region south of Tagus down to North Africa.
The praetor Servius Sulpicius Galba and the proconsul Lucius Licinius Lucullus arrived in 151 and began the process of subduing the local population. Praetor was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities the commander of an Army, either before Servius Sulpicius Galba was a Consul of Rome in 144 BC. He served as tribune of the soldiers in the second legion in Macedonia Ancient Rome In the Roman Republic, a proconsul was a Promagistrate (like a Propraetor) who after serving as Consul, spent a year This article is on the Consul of 151 BC - for the descendent (this man's grandson see Lucullus, and for others of this name see Licinius (gens. Galba betrayed the Lusitani leaders he had invited to peace talks and had them killed in 150, thus ending the first phase of the war.
Viriathus
In 146, the Lusitani found a new leader. This leader, named Viriathus, was to gain renown throughout the Roman world as a guerilla fighter. Viriathus (known as Viriato in Portuguese and Spanish) ( ? - 139 BC was the most important leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted In the words of Theodor Mommsen, "It seemed as if, in that thoroughly prosaic age, one of the Homeric heroes had reappeared. Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen ( 30 November 1817 &ndash 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, " In 145, the general Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus campaigned successfully against the Lusitani, but failed in his attempts to arrest Viriathus. Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus was a Roman statesman and Consul ( 145 BC) In 143, Viriathus formed a league against Rome with several Celtic tribes. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts
Sextus Junius Brutus, while following Viriathus, finds women warrior defending the Lusitanian towns alongside with men. Warfare through history has mainly been a matter for men but women have also played a role often a leading one [3]
In 139, Viriathus was finally killed in his sleep by three of his companions, Audax, Ditalcus and Minurus, who had been sent as emissaries to the Romans and were bribed by Marcus Popillius Laenas. Audax Ditalcus and Minurus were the supposed assassins of the Lusitanian leader Viriathus. See also Marcus Popillius Laenas (consul 173 BC M Popillius M The Roman general Servilius Cipianus had them executed, however, declaring "Rome does not pay traitors".
Notes
- ^ This is the name for it in Polybius and Appian. Polybius (ca 203 &ndash 120 BC, Greek) was a Greek historian of the Hellenistic Period noted for his book called The Histories
- ^ Appian's History of Rome
- ^ The Foreign Wars (ed. Horace White)
Sources
- Appian's History of Rome.
- Wintle, Justin. The Rough Guide History of Spain. Rough Guides: Spain, 2003. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
- Encyclopaedia Romana: The Celtiberian War and Numantia.
See also
- Lusitania
- Portugal
- History of Portugal
- Timeline of Portuguese history
- Hispania
- Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic