Lushootseed (also xʷəlšucid, dxʷləšúcid, Puget Salish, Puget Sound Salish, Skagit-Nisqually) is the language or dialect continuum of several Salish Native American groups of modern-day Washington state. A dialect continuum is a range of Dialects spoken across a large geographical area differing only slightly between areas that are geographically close and gradually decreasing Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Lushootseed is a member of Coast Salish, one of the two main divisions of the Salishan language group. Coast Salish refers to a cultural or ethnographic designation of a subgroup of the First Nations or Native American cultures in British Columbia, This article is about the Salish/Salishan language For the Tacoma Washington neighborhood see Salishan Tacoma Washington.
Lushootseed, like its neighbour Twana, is in the Southern Coast Salish subgroup of the Salishan family of languages. Skokomish, also known as the Twana, are a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United States. This article is about the Salish/Salishan language For the Tacoma Washington neighborhood see Salishan Tacoma Washington. The language was spoken by many Puget Sound region peoples, including the Duwamish, Steilacoom, Suquamish, Squaxin Island Tribe, Nisqually, and Puyallup in the south and the Snohomish, Stillaguamish, Skagit, and Swinomish in the north. Puget Sound (ˈpjuːʤᵻt is an arm of the Pacific Ocean, connected to the rest of the Pacific by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, in the Pacific Northwest The Duwamish tribe (dxʷdɐwʔabʃ in Lushootseed is a Native American tribe in western Washington, and the indigenous people of metropolitan Seattle. The Suquamish are a Native American tribe of Washington State in the United States. Squaxin Island Tribe (also Squaxin, Squaxon) is a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United States. For other uses see Nisqually. Nisqually is a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United The Puyallup are a Native American tribe from western Washington state U Snohomish is the name of a Tribe of Native Americans who reside around the Puget Sound area of Washington, north of Seattle. Skagit (pronounced /ˈskæʤɪt/ or approximately "skajit" refers to two groups of Native American people living in the state of Washington, the Upper Swinomish is a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United States.
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Subdivisions
Lushootseed consists of two dialect groups which can be further divided into subdialects:
- Northern Lushootseed
- Snohomish (at Tulalip)
- Lower Skagit-Swinomish (on Skagit River and on Whidbey Island)
- Upper Skagit[1]
- Sauk-Suiattle (on Sauk River and Suiattle River])
- Southern Lushootseed
- Skykomish
- Snoqualmie
- Steilacoom
- Suquamish
- Duwamish
- Muckleshoot (on Green and White rivers)
- Puyallup
- Nisqually
- Sahewamish
The division into Northern and Southern groups is based on vocabulary and stress patterns. Tulalip Bay is a Census-designated place (CDP in Snohomish County, Washington, United States. Swinomish is a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United States. The Skagit River (ˈskædʒɨt loosely "skaj-it" is a River in southwestern British Columbia in Canada and northwestern Washington Whidbey Island (historical spelling Whidby) is one of nine Islands located in Island County, Washington, in the United States The Upper Skagit are a Native American people living in the state of Washington. Sauk-Suiattle, or Sah-Ku-Me-Hu is a Native American tribe in western Washington state in the United States. Sauk River can refer to the following rivers in the United States: Sauk River (Michigan Sauk River (Minnesota Skykomish is a town in King County, Washington, United States. The Snoqualmie ( S·dukwalbixw) are a group of Coast Salish Native American peoples from the Snoqualmie Valley in east Steilacoom is a town in Pierce County, Washington, United States. The Suquamish are a Native American tribe of Washington State in the United States. The Muckleshoot are a Native American tribe descended from the Coast Salish people of the Pacific Northwest The Sahewamish are a Northwest Native American tribe They were fisherman and hunter/gatherers sedentary and lived in the southwestern inlets of Puget Sound from More accurately, the dialects form a cline.
Some Vocabulary
Southern Lushootseed Salmonid Vocabulary
- ačədádxʷ
- a word that covers all Pacific salmon and some species of trout.
- sác̓əb
- Chinook or King
- x̌ʔəwádxʷ
- sockeye salmon
- sq̓ə́čqs
- coho salmon
- ƛ̕xʷáy
- chum salmon
- hədúʔ
- the pink salmon
- qíw̓x̌
- steelhead
- pədkʷəxʷic
- coho season
- sc̓áy’t
- gills
- ɬičáʔa
- nets
- ɬičaʔalikʷ
- net fishing
- ʔálil tiʔíɬ ƛ̕usq̓íl
- spawning season
- skʷəlúb
- body fat
- sč̕ət̓šáds
- tailfin
- t̓áltəd
- fillet knife
- sq̓wəlús
- fish dried for storage
- səlúsqid
- fish heads
- qəlx̌
- dried salmon eggs
- ƛ̕ə́bƛ̕əbqʷ
- fresh eggs
- sɬúʔb
- dried chum
- sxʷúdzəʔdaliɬəd
- fish with a large amount of body fat
- xʷšábús
- lightly smoked
References
- ^ Van Eijk, Jan. The Lillooet Language: Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, UBC Press, 1985, p. xxiv.
External links
- The Tulalip Lushootseed Department's Website
- History professor helps keep local Native American language alive by Drew Brown for PLU Scene Magazine
- Lushootseed Peoples of Puget Sound Country
- Ethnologue report
- Rosetta Project: Basic Phonology and Morphology
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