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The lumpenproletariat (German Lumpenproletariat, "rabble-proletariat"; "raggedy proletariat") is a term originally defined by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in The German Ideology (1845), their famous second joint work, and later expounded upon in subsequent works by Marx. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Friedrich Engels (28 November 1820 – 5 August 1895 was a German social scientist and philosopher, who The German Ideology (1845 was a book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels around April or early May 1845. Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In Marx's The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon (1852), the term refers to the 'refuse of all classes,' including 'swindlers, confidence tricksters, brothel-keepers, rag-and-bone merchants, beggars, and other flotsam of society. The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon was written by Karl Marx between December 1851 and March 1852 and originally published in 1852 in Die Revolution Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year A confidence trick or confidence game (also known as a bunko, con, flim flam, gaffle, grift, scam, scheme A pimp (also called fleshmonger) finds and manages clients for Prostitutes and engages them in Prostitution (in Brothels in most cases and For the White Stripes song see Rag and Bone. Rag-and-bone man is a British phrase for a Junk dealer "Beggar" redirects here Distinguish from Begga and Bega. '

In the Eighteenth Brumaire, Marx describes the lumpenproletariat as a 'class fraction' that constituted the political power base for Louis Bonaparte of France in 1848. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap In this sense, Marx argued that Bonaparte was able to place himself above the two main classes, the proletariat and bourgeoisie, by resorting to the 'lumpenproletariat' as an apparently independent base of power, while in fact advancing the material interests of the bourgeoisie. The proletariat (from Latin la ''proles'' "offspring" is a term used to identify a lower Social class; a member of such a class is proletarian

Contents

Issues

Engels wrote about Swiss mercenaries during the end of the 1848 July monarchy rule of revolutionary Naples: "This action of the Neapolitan lumpenproletariat decided the defeat of the revolution. Swiss Guards Swiss mercenary is the name given to those soldiers who have served as Bodyguards, ceremonial guards and palace guards at foreign European courts since Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The July Monarchy (1830-1848 was a period of liberal monarchy rule of France under Louis-Philippe Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Swiss guardsmen, Neapolitan soldiers and lazzaroni combined pounced upon the defenders of the barricades. "[1]

In his ancillary writings Marx also saw little potential in these sections of society. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions When speaking of those working in arguably the most unsafe, alienating work environment - the battlefield, he said: "A motley crew of mutineering soldiers who have murdered their officers, torn asunder the ties of discipline, and not succeeded in discovering a man on whom to bestow supreme command are certainly the body least likely to organise a serious and protracted resistance. Workplace safety is a category of Management responsibility in places of employment Marx's theory of alienation ( Entfremdung in German) as expressed in the writings of young Karl Marx, refers to the separation of things that naturally An office is generally a room or other area in which people work, but may also denote a position within an Organization with specific duties attached Mutiny is a conspiracy among members of a group of similarly-situated individuals (typically members of the Military; or the Crew of any ship even A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. " [2]. In Marx's time, some of the most vocal and anti-establishment voices were the terroristic Nihilists, who revelled in crime, adventurism and apparent sociopathy, and did not seem to get any closer to their aims or widespread working-class adaptation of their methods or objectives. An anti-establishment view or belief is one which stands in opposition to the conventional social political and economic principles of a society The Nihilist movement was a Russian Anarchist movement in the 1860s which rejected existing authorities and values Sociopathy is a loosely-defined term that may be used to refer to Psychopathy Antisocial personality disorder Dissocial The Nihilists wanted to provoke the state and championed the propaganda by the deed using "terroristic" methods such as bombing and assassination. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Propaganda of the deed (or propaganda by the deed, from the French propagande par le fait) is a Concept that promotes physical violence against Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media.

Marx's description of mutineers as being unreliable could be argued upon at length. Russian Army mutineers and their soldiers committees were critical to the overturning of the Tsarist regime during the Russian Revolution of 1917. A workers' council is a Deliberative assembly, composed of Working class members intended to institute Workers' self-management or Workers' control See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them Yet there is a clear difference in the fact that the Russian Revolution was a general uprising of most of Russia's popular classes, not just a military mutiny.

According to Marx, the lumpenproletariat had no real motive for participating in revolution, and might have in fact an interest in preserving the current class structure, because the members of the lumpenproletariat usually depend on the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy for their day-to-day existence. In that sense, Marx saw the lumpenproletariat as a counter-revolutionary force. A counter-revolutionary is anyone who opposes a Revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it in full or in part

Leon Trotsky elaborated this view, perceiving the lumpenproletariat as especially vulnerable to reactionary thought. Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij In his collection of essays "Fascism: What it is and how to fight it", he describes Mussolini's capture of power: Through the fascist agency, capitalism sets in motion the masses of the crazed petty bourgeoisie and the bands of declassed and demoralized lumpenproletariat -- all the countless human beings whom finance capital itself has brought to desperation and frenzy. [3]

Marx's definition has influenced contemporary sociologists, who are concerned with many of the marginalized elements of society characterized by Marx under this label. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Marxian and even some non-Marxist sociologists now use the term to refer to those they see as the victims of modern society, who exist outside the wage-labor system, such as beggars, or people who make their living through disreputable means: police informants, prostitutes and pimps, swindlers, drug dealers, bootleggers, and operators of illegal gambling enterprises), but depend on the formal economy for their day-to-day existence. Wage labour is the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker sells their labour under a Contract ( Employment "Beggar" redirects here Distinguish from Begga and Bega. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. A pimp (also called fleshmonger) finds and manages clients for Prostitutes and engages them in Prostitution (in Brothels in most cases and In the broadest sense a fraud is a Deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global Black market consisting of the cultivation manufacture distribution and sale of illegal Drugs Rum-running is the business of Smuggling or transporting of Alcoholic beverages illegally usually to circumvent Taxation or Prohibition.

The term has been used also to describe welfare recipients and homeless people, but this, it should be noted, is a very different use from that proposed by Marx, and can be considered inaccurate within Marxist theory. Welfare is financial assistance paid to people by governments Homelessness is the condition and social category of people who lack housing because they cannot afford or are otherwise unable to maintain regular safe and adequate shelter

However in some societies the class of people without formal employment have, at times anyway, taken the lead in issuing a progressive challenge to society. One example is Abahlali baseMjondolo in the KwaZulu region of contemporary South Africa. Abahlali baseMjondolo is a popular entirely non-professionalized and democratic mass movement of Shack dwellers and other poor people in South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Used as a pejorative

In modern Russian,[4] Turkish,[5], Persian, and Spanish, lumpen, the shortened form of lumpenproletariat, is sometimes used to refer to lower classes of society. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The meaning of the term is roughly analogous to chav, scanger, hoi polloi, white trash, bogan, or yobbo. Chav (ʧæv or Charv/Charva (ʧɑːv Skanger or scanger (skɑŋəɹ) is a derogatory term for a member of a working-class youth Subculture group in Ireland, similar to the Chav White trash is a Pejorative term targeted at lower social class White people with poor prospects and/or low levels of education The term bogan (ˈboʊgən rhyming with slogan) is Australian and New Zealand English Slang, usually pejorative for a person who is or Yobbo or yob is a Slang term for an uncouth or thuggish blue collar person

Notes

  1. ^ Neue Rheinische Zeitung No. 1 June 1848
  2. ^ K. Marx, The First Indian War of Independence 1855-59. Moscow, 1960, p. 42
  3. ^ LEON TROTSKY: Fascism: What it is and how to fight it
  4. ^ Over 30 000 children get lost in Russia annually - Pravda.Ru
  5. ^ Türk Dil Kurumu

Further reading

See also

External links

Social stratification : Social class
v • d • e
Bourgeoisie Upper class Ruling class Nobility White-collar
Petite bourgeoisie Upper middle class Creative class Gentry Blue-collar
Proletariat Middle class Working class Nouveau riche/Parvenu Pink-collar
Lumpenproletariat Lower middle class Lower class Old Money Gold-collar
Peasant/Serf Slave class Underclass Classlessness
Social class in the United States
Upper class Middle class Lower class Income Educational attainment
Chav (ʧæv or Charv/Charva (ʧɑːv In Economics, the term informal economy (or second economy in the South African context refers to all economic activities that fall outside the formal Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. The contemporary concept of the underclass is a sanitized term for what was known in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as the undeserving poor and may have been coined by American sociologist Frantz Fanon ( July 20, 1925 – December 6, 1961) was a Psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary and author from Lumpen is an independent critical arts and Culture publication Lumpenbourgeoisie is a term used primarily in the context of colonial and Neocolonial Elites in Latin America, which became heavily dependent In Sociology, social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of Social classes Castes and strata within a Society. Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. Is a concept in Sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a Social hierarchy. The term ruling class refers to the Social class of a given society that decides upon and sets that society's political policy Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime White-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated Worker who performs semi-professional office administrative and sales coordination tasks as opposed to Petit-bourgeoisie (or petty bourgeois through Folk etymology) is a French term that originally referred to the members of the lower middle social-classes The upper middle class is a sociological concept referring to the Social group constituted by higher-status members of the Middle class. The creative class is a group of people that social scientist Dr Gentry generally refers to people of high Social class, especially in the past The proletariat (from Latin la ''proles'' "offspring" is a term used to identify a lower Social class; a member of such a class is proletarian The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Nouveau riche ( French for "new rich" or new money, refers to a person who has acquired considerable Wealth within his or her A Parvenu is a person that is a relative newcomer to a socioeconomic class A pink-collar worker works in a job that is considered traditionally female (these traditions generally harking back to the first half of the twentieth century In developed nations across the earth the lower middle class, is a sub-division of the greater Middle class which constitutes by far the largest socio-economic class Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Old Money is a term that refers to the established Upper class. Gold-collar worker (GCW is a Neologism which has been used to describe either young low-wage workers who invest in conspicuous Luxury (often with parental support A peasant is an agricultural worker who subsists by working a small plot of ground As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another The contemporary concept of the underclass is a sanitized term for what was known in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as the undeserving poor and may have been coined by American sociologist This article is translated from and may fit related articles there better. There is considerable controversy regarding social class in the United States, and it remains a concept with many competing definitions The American upper class describes the sociological concept pertaining to the "top layer" of society in the United States. The American middle class is an ambiguously defined Social class in the United States. The concept of a lower class in the United States is used to describe those at or near the lower end of the socio-economic hierarchy. Income in the United States is measured by the United States Department of Commerce either by household or individual. The educational attainment of the US population is similar to that of many other industrialized countries with the vast majority of the population having completed secondary education

Dictionary

lumpenproletariat

-noun

  1. (Marxism) the lowest stratum of the proletariat
  2. a social underclass; the riffraff
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