This article is about the historical person. For the biographical opera, see Lucrezia Borgia (opera). Lucrezia Borgia is a Melodramma, or Opera, in a prologue and two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Lucrezia Borgia is also the name Buffalo Bill gave to his gun. William Frederick "Buffalo Bill" Cody (February 26 1846 &ndash January 10 1917 was an American soldier bison hunter and Showman.

Lucrezia Borgia (April 18, 1480 - June 24, 1519) was the daughter of Rodrigo Borgia, the powerful Renaissance Valencian who later became Pope Alexander VI, and Vannozza dei Cattanei. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Pope Alexander VI ( 1 January 1431 &ndash 18 August 1503) born Roderic Llançol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja ( The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Pope Alexander VI ( 1 January 1431 &ndash 18 August 1503) born Roderic Llançol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja ( Vannozza dei Cattanei ( Giovanna de Candia contessa dei Cattanei) (1442 &ndash November 24 1518) was one of the many mistresses of the Pope Alexander Her brothers included Cesare Borgia, Giovanni Borgia, and Gioffre Borgia. ( September 13, 1475 &ndash March 12, 1507) Duke of Valentinois, and Romagna, Prince of Andria and Venafro Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia ( 1474 - June 14, 1497) was the brother of the famous Cesare Borgia. Gioffre Borgia in Italian or Jofré Borja in Catalan (1482 &ndash 1522 Prince of Squillace, was the youngest son of Pope Alexander VI, and Vannozza ^[1]

Lucrezia's family later came to epitomize the ruthless Machiavellian politics and sexual corruption alleged to be characteristic of the Renaissance Papacy. Lucrezia was cast as a femme fatale, a role she has been portrayed in many artworks, novels and films. A femme fatale (plural femmes fatales) is an alluring and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers in bonds of irresistible desire often leading them into

No authentic portrait of Lucrezia is known, though several paintings, such as Bartolomeo Veneziano's fanciful portrait (see illustration) have been said to depict her. She is described as having heavy blonde hair which fell past her knees, a beautiful complexion, hazel eyes which constantly changed colour, a full, high bosom and a natural grace which made her appear to "walk on air"^[2] ; these were the physical attributes that were highly appreciated in Italy during that period.

Not enough is known about the historical Lucrezia to be certain that the stories about her active involvement in her father's and brother's crimes are true. Her father and/or brother certainly arranged several marriages for her, to important or powerful men, in order to advance their own political ambitions. Lucrezia was married to Giovanni Sforza (Lord of Pesaro), Alfonso of Aragon, Duke of Bisceglie, and Alfonso d'Este (Prince of Ferrara). Giovanni Sforza d'Aragona ( 1466 - July 27, 1510) was an Italian Condottiero, lord of Pesaro and Gradara from 1483 until Alfonso of Aragon ( 1481 - 18 August, 1500) was the Duke of Bisceglie and Prince of Salerno, as the son of King Alfonso II of Bisceglie is a town on the Adriatic Sea, with a population of c Alfonso d'Este ( 21 July, 1476 &ndash 31 October, 1534) was Duke of Ferrara during the time of the War of the League of Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. Tradition has it that Alfonso of Aragon was an illegitimate son of the King of Naples and that Cesare may have had him murdered after his political value waned.

Contents 1 Marriages 1.1 First marriage: Giovanni Sforza 1.2 Affair with Perotto 1.3 Second marriage: Alfonso of Aragon (Duke of Bisceglie) 1.4 Third marriage: Alfonso d'Este (Prince of Ferrara) 2 Issue 3 Rumors 4 Biographies 5 Plays, operas, films, and novels 5.1 Plays and operas 5.2 Films 5.3 Novels 5.4 Television and other media 6 References

Marriages

First marriage: Giovanni Sforza

By the time she was thirteen, she had been betrothed twice, but both times her father had called off the engagements. Betrothal is a formal state of engagement to be married. Historically betrothal was a formal Contract, blessed or officiated by a religious authority

After Rodrigo became Pope Alexander VI, he had Lucrezia marry Giovanni Sforza to establish an alliance with that powerful Milanese family. Pope Alexander VI ( 1 January 1431 &ndash 18 August 1503) born Roderic Llançol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja ( Giovanni Sforza d'Aragona ( 1466 - July 27, 1510) was an Italian Condottiero, lord of Pesaro and Gradara from 1483 until Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. The wedding was a scandalous event but was not much more extravagant than many other Renaissance celebrations. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere

Before long, the Borgia family no longer needed the Sforzas, and the presence of Giovanni Sforza in the papal court was superfluous. Sforza was a ruling family of Renaissance Italy, based in Milan. The Pope needed new, more advantageous political alliances, so he may have covertly ordered the execution of Giovanni. The generally accepted version is that Lucrezia was informed of this by her brother Cesare, and she warned her husband, who then fled Rome. ( September 13, 1475 &ndash March 12, 1507) Duke of Valentinois, and Romagna, Prince of Andria and Venafro Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Possibly Pope Alexander never made such an order, and it was a plot on the part of Cesare and Lucrezia to drive her boring husband away. Whichever way it was, Alexander and Cesare were pleased with the chance of arranging another advantageous marriage for Lucrezia. Arranged marriage (also called prearranged marriage) is a Marriage arranged by someone other than the persons getting married curtailing or avoiding the process But before that could occur, they needed to get rid of Giovanni Sforza.

Alexander asked Giovanni's uncle, Cardinal Ascanio Sforza, to persuade Giovanni to agree to a divorce. Ascanio Maria Sforza Visconti ( March 3, 1455 - May 28, 1505) was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church, generally Giovanni refused and accused Lucrezia of paternal and fraternal incest. Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons (often within the immediate family that is illegal or socially Taboo. Since the marriage had supposedly not been consummated, the Pope said that the marriage was not valid, and he offered Giovanni all of Lucrezia's dowry to agree. As a Verb, consummate means to bring something to its completion such as a transaction concept plan or action A dowry (also known as trousseau or tocher) is the money goods or estate that a woman brings to her soon to be husband in marriage The Sforza family threatened to withdraw their protection of Giovanni if he refused Alexander's offer. Having no choice, Giovanni Sforza signed both a confession of impotence and the documents of annulment before witnesses. Annulment in the Catholic Church See also Annulment (Catholic Church In the Roman Catholic Church, a marriage is considered to be a valid contract

Affair with Perotto

There has been speculation that during the prolonged process of the annulment, Lucrezia consummated a relationship with someone, probably Alexander's messenger Perotto. The result was that she was actually pregnant when her marriage was annulled for not having been consummated, and this is one of the facts her detractors have cited to support their derogatory view of her character. The child, named Giovanni but known to historians as the Roman Infante, was born in secret (1498) before Lucrezia's marriage to Alfonso of Aragon. Giovanni de Candia Borgia, 2nd Duke of Candia (Catalan Gandia (March 1498 &ndash 1548 the infans Romanus ("the child of Rome" was probably the love-child Giovanni de Candia Borgia, 2nd Duke of Candia (Catalan Gandia (March 1498 &ndash 1548 the infans Romanus ("the child of Rome" was probably the love-child Alfonso of Aragon ( 1481 - 18 August, 1500) was the Duke of Bisceglie and Prince of Salerno, as the son of King Alfonso II of

Some believe the child was her brother Cesare's, but that Perotto, due to his fondness for Lucrezia, claimed that it was his. During her pregnancy she stayed away from Rome at a convent, so no one would know of her state, and Perotto would bring her messages from her father in Rome. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 According to this theory, Lucrezia was worried that if news of her pregnancy reached the citizens of Rome, they would surely know it was Cesare's child. Cesare at the time was a Cardinal of the Holy Church; if he had been sharing an illicit sexual relationship with his sister during her marriage to Giovanni, it would have to be concealed from everyone, especially their father (the Pope).

In 1501, two papal bulls were issued concerning the child, Giovanni Borgia. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. In the first, he was recognized as Cesare's child from an affair before his marriage. The second, contradictory, bull recognized him as the son of Alexander VI. Lucrezia's name is not mentioned in either, and rumours that she was his mother have never been proven. The second bull was kept a secret for many years, and Giovanni was presumed to be Cesare's son. This is supported by the fact that in 1502, he became Duke of Camerino, one of Cesare's recent conquests, hence the natural inheritance of the Duke of Romagna's oldest son. Camerino is small town of 7000 inhabitants in the Marches ( Marche region in the Province of Macerata, Italy. Romagna is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna. However, some time after Alexander's death, Giovanni went to stay with Lucrezia in Ferrara, where he was accepted as her half-brother.

Second marriage: Alfonso of Aragon (Duke of Bisceglie)

Though at his first meeting with Alfonso, before the marriage took place, Cesare was very impressed by his good looks and nature, this soon changed to jealousy and hatred. It was said that Cesare did not like Alfonso because Lucrezia was very happy with him and had, since her marriage to him, stopped giving Cesare as much attention. Also, Cesare himself had a bout of syphilis and many scars remained on his face, even after recovery. Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. This made him very conscious of his appearance, and so he started wearing masks and dressing in black. His own condition is said to have made him hate Alfonso of Aragon all the more, and once when the Prince was paying them a visit in Rome, Cesare's men had attacked him during the night. Alfonso of Aragon ( 1481 - 18 August, 1500) was the Duke of Bisceglie and Prince of Salerno, as the son of King Alfonso II of To retaliate, Alfonso's men shot arrows at Cesare one day while he strolled in the garden. This infuriated Cesare, and he had his servant(s) strangle Alfonso while in the recovery room. Lucrezia and Alfonso had only one child, Rodrigo, who predeceased his mother in August 1512 at the age of thirteen.

While the reason for Alfonso's murder might have also been jealousy, it did have a political background. Just like Lucrezia's first marriage, the second one soon became a useless alliance and a reason for embarrassment for the Pope and his son. Cesare had just allied himself with the King of France Louis XII, who claimed the duchy of Naples, which was in the hands of Alfonso's family at the time. Louis XII ( June 27, 1462 – January 1, 1515) called "the Father of the People" (Le Père du Peuple was the thirty-fifth king Whatever the reasons for his murder, Lucrezia was genuinely fond of her husband and broken–hearted upon his death.

Third marriage: Alfonso d'Este (Prince of Ferrara)

After the death of her second husband, Lucrezia's father, Pope Alexander VI, wanted to arrange a third marriage. She then married Alfonso d'Este, Prince of Ferrara. Alfonso d'Este ( 21 July, 1476 &ndash 31 October, 1534) was Duke of Ferrara during the time of the War of the League of Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. She gave her third husband a number of children and proved to be a respectable and accomplished Renaissance duchess, effectively rising above her questionable past and surviving the fall of the Borgias following her father's death.

Neither partner was faithful: Lucrezia enjoyed a long relationship with her bisexual brother-in-law, Francesco Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua. Francesco Gonzaga was born in Palermo on 12 June 1538 and died in Rome on 6 January 1566 Mantua (Màntova in the local dialect of Lombard language Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the ^[3][4] as well as a love affair with the poet Pietro Bembo. Pietro Bembo ( May 20, 1470 - either 11 January or 18 January, 1547 was an Italian scholar poet literary theorist and Francesco's wife was the cultured intellectual Isabella d'Este, the sister of Alfonso, to whom Lucrezia had made overtures of friendship to no avail. Isabella d'Este ( 18 May 1474 &ndash 13 February 1539) was marchesa of Mantua and one of the leading women of the The affair between Francesco and Lucrezia was passionate, more sexual than sentimental as can be attested in the fevered love letters the pair wrote one another. The affair ended when Francesco contracted syphilis and had to perforce end sexual relations with Lucrezia. Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. ^[5]

Lucrezia Borgia died in Ferrara on 24 June 1519 from complications after giving birth to her eighth child. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place She was buried in the convent of Corpus Domini. ^[6]

On 15 October 1816 the Romantic poet Lord Byron visited the Ambrosian Library of Milan. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historical Library in Milan, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana art gallery Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. He was delighted by the letters between Borgia and Bembo ("The prettiest love letters in the world"^[7][8]) and claimed to have managed to steal a lock of her hair ("the prettiest and fairest imaginable. "^[8]) held on display^[9][10][11].

Issue

Lucrezia was mother to either seven or eight children:

• Giovanni Borgia, "infans Romanus" ("Child of Rome", c. Giovanni de Candia Borgia, 2nd Duke of Candia (Catalan Gandia (March 1498 &ndash 1548 the infans Romanus ("the child of Rome" was probably the love-child Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 1498 - 1548). Paternity acknowledged by Perotto; however Alexander and Cesare have also been identified as the father. It is also possible that this child (identified in later life as Lucrezia's half-brother) was the result of a liaison between Rodrigo Borgia (Pope Alexander VI, Lucrezia's father) and an unknown mistress, as averred in a Papal Bull, and was not Lucrezia's child.
• Rodrigo Borgia of Aragon (November 1, 1499 - August, 1512). Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Son by Alfonso of Aragon.
• Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara (April 5, 1508 - October 3, 1559). Ercole II d'Este ( April 5, 1508 - October 3, 1559) was Duke of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio from 1534 to 1559 List of Dukes of Ferrara and of Modena In 1452 the Italian family of Este, Lords of Ferrara, were created Dukes of Modena and Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's
• Ippolito II d'Este (August 25, 1509 - December 1, 1572). Ippolito (II d'Este ( 1509 - December 2, 1572) was an Italian cardinal. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Archbishop of Milan and later Cardinal. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church.
• Alessandro d'Este (1514 - 1516).
• Leonora d'Este (July 3, 1515 - July 15, 1575). Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final A nun. A Nun is a Woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religious life
• Francesco d'Este, Marchese di Massalombarda (November 1, 1516 - February 2, 1578). Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
• Isabella Maria d'Este (Born and deceased on June 14, 1519). Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Complications at birth caused the death of Lucrezia ten days later.

Lucrezia is ancestress of many notable people including Civil War general Pierre G.T. Beauregard^[12] and actress Brooke Shields^[13]

Rumors

Several rumors have persisted throughout the years, primarily speculating as to the nature of the extravagant parties thrown by the Borgia family. A civil war is a War between a State and domestic political actors that are in control of some part of the territory claimed by the state Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard (ˈboʊrɪgɑrd ( May 28, 1818 &ndash February 20, 1893) was a Louisiana -born author civil servant Brooke Christa Camille Shields (born May 31, 1965) is an American actress and Supermodel. Many of these concern allegations of incest, poisoning, and murder on her part; however, no historical basis for these rumors have ever been brought forward, beyond allegations made by the rivals of the Borgias. Incest refers to any sexual activity between closely related persons (often within the immediate family that is illegal or socially Taboo.

• It is rumored that Lucrezia was in possession of a hollow ring that she used frequently to poison drinks. In the context of Biology, poisons are substances that can cause damage, Illness, or Death to Organisms usually by [1] [2] [3]
• An early 20th-century painting by Frank Cadogan Cowper that hangs in the London art gallery, Tate Britain, portrays Lucrezia taking the place of her father, Alexander VI at an official Vatican meeting. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Frank Cadogan Cowper ( 16 October, 1877 &ndash 17 November 1958 was an English artist described as "The last of the Pre-Raphaelites " London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Tate Britain is a part of the Tate gallery network in Britain, with Tate Modern, Tate Liverpool and Tate St Ives. Pope Alexander VI ( 1 January 1431 &ndash 18 August 1503) born Roderic Llançol, later Roderic de Borja i Borja ( Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory This apparently documents an actual event, although the precise moment depicted, (a Franciscan friar kissing Lucrezia's feet), was invented by the artist. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic [4]
• During the Renaissance, social climbers would commonly boast "I'm dining with the Borgias tonight. " A smaller number would boast "I dined with the Borgias last night. " Lucrezia was said to employ a chef and a poisoner (two separate people) full time to take care of her guests.

Biographies

• Lucrezia Borgia - Life, Love And Death In Renaissance Italy by Sarah Bradford; Viking 2004 ISBN 0-670-03353-7
• Lucrezia Borgia: A Biography (©1978) by Rachel Erlanger (ISBN 0-8015-4725-3)
• External link to on-line biography
• The Borgias (1971) by Michael Mallett

Plays, operas, films, and novels

Plays and operas

• Victor Hugo's tragedy, loosely based on the stories of Lucrezia, was transformed into a libretto by Felice Romani for Donizetti's opera, Lucrezia Borgia (1834), first performed at La Scala, Milan, 26 December 1834. Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist Felice Romani ( January 31, 1788 — January 28, 1865) was an Italian Poet and scholar of literature and Mythology Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 &ndash 8 April 1848 was an Italian composer from Bergamo, Lombardy. Lucrezia Borgia is a Melodramma, or Opera, in a prologue and two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. The Teatro alla Scala (or La Scala, as it is known in Milan, Italy, is one of the world's most famous Opera houses The theatre was Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common When it was produced in Paris, in 1840, Hugo obtained an injunction against further productions. The libretto was then rewritten and retitled La Rinegata, with the Italian characters changed to Turks, and the performances were resumed. The first English-language production was in London on 30 December 1843. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
• Mentioned in the Roger Waters's song Leaving Beirut. George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943 in Great Bookham, Surrey) is an English rock musician " To Kill the Child "/" Leaving Beirut " is a 2004 CD single (released in Japan only and a Digital download
• Momus has also referenced Lucrezia in a song Lucretia Borgia from the album The Little Red Songbook. For the Scottish artist and singer see Momus (artist Momus or Momos (μῶμος in Greek This article is about the historical person For the biographical opera see Lucrezia Borgia (opera. The album The Little Red Songbook ( Le Grand Magistery 61665-60006 was released by Momus ( Nick Currie) in 1998.
• David Copelin's dark comedy Bella Donna dramatized a quasi-fictional series of events in the Borgia legend. First performed at the Toronto Fringe Festival in July, 2005; published by Playwrights Canada Press, 2006.
• Joseph Aragon's musical Lucrezia Borgia portrayed the title character in a more charitable light than the accepted norm. First performed at the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival by the Canadian Musical Theatre Development Group in July, 2007. The Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival is an annual alternative theatre festival held in Winnipeg Manitoba.

Films

• Lucrezia Borgia (1922) a silent movie with Liane Haid, directed by Richard Oswald. Liane Haid ( August 16, 1895 – November 28, 2000) was an Austrian actress who has often been referred to as Austria's first movie Richard Oswald ( November 5, 1880 - September 11, 1963) was an Austrian director, producer, and
• Don Juan (1926), one of the first Vitaphone/Silent films starring John Barrymore features the Borgia as villains. Don Juan ( 1926) is a Warner Brothers film directed by Alan Crosland. Vitaphone was a Sound film process used on features and nearly 2000 Short subjects produced by Warner Bros John Sidney Blyth Barrymore ( February 15 1882 – May 29 1942) was an American Actor, frequently called the greatest
• Lucrèce Borgia (1935), a French film version with Edwige Feuillère, directed by Abel Gance. Edwige Feuillère ( 29 October, 1907 &ndash 13 November, 1998) was a French film actress Abel Gance (25 October 1889 - 10 November 1981 was a French Film director, producer, Writer, Actor and editor best
• Lucrezia Borgia (1940), an Italian film with Isa Pola, directed by Hans Hinrich.
• Bride of Vengeance or A Mask for Lucretia (1949) starred Paulette Goddard as Lucretia (and Macdonald Carey as Cesare) in a fictionalized portrayal of her as her brother's tool who went straight once she had the chance, a view many historians endorse. Paulette Goddard ( June 3, 1910 – April 23, 1990) was an Oscar -nominated American Film and Theatre Edward Macdonald Carey ( March 15, 1913 – March 21, 1994) was an American Actor, best known for his role as the Patriarch
• Lucrèce Borgia (1953), a French movie with Martine Carol, directed by Christian-Jaque. Martine Carol ( May 16, 1920 &ndash February 6, 1967) was a French film actress. Christian-Jaque ( Christian Maudet) ( September 4, 1904, Paris – July 8, 1994, Boulogne-Billancourt) was a noted
• The Shaggy Dog (1958), a Walt Disney film features a ring that was owned by Lucretia Borgia that has the power to turn men into dogs when its inscription is read aloud.
• Le Notti segrete di Lucrezia Borgia (1982), a Spanish-Italian film with Finnish actress Sirpa Lane as Lucrezia, directed by Roberto Bianchi Montero. The terms Finns and Finnish people ( Finnish: suomalaiset, Swedish: finländare) are used in English to
• Los Borgia (2006), a Spanish-Italian film with María Valverde as Lucrezia. María Valverde ( March 24 1987, Madrid) is a Spanish Actress.
• At different times both Scarlett Johansson and Christina Ricci have been slated to appear as Lucrezia in the as-yet-unmade film Borgia. Scarlett I Johansson (born November 22 1984 is an actress and Singer, of dual American and Danish citizenship Christina Ricci (born February 12 1980 is an Emmy Award -nominated American actress who first achieved fame for her role as Wednesday Addams in

Novels

• The historical novel, Prince of Foxes, made into a movie of the same name starring Orson Welles and Tyrone Power. Prince of Foxes is a novel of historical fiction by Samuel Shellabarger, following Prince of Foxes is a 1949 Film based on the Samuel Shellabarger novel Prince of Foxes. George Orson Welles (May 6 1915 – October 10 1985 was an Academy Award -winning director, writer actor and producer for film stage radio and television Tyrone Edmund Power Jr (May 5 1914 – November 15 1958 usually credited simply as Tyrone Power and known sometimes as " Ty Power " was an
• F. M. Klinger´s 1791 novel Fausts Leben, Thaten und Höllenfahrt features an episode in which the Borgias figure, including an affair between Faust and Lucrezia. Faust or Faustus ( Latin for "auspicious" or "lucky" is the protagonist of a classic German Legend in which he makes
• Rafael Sabatini's novel The Shame of Motley features Lucrezia and Cesare Borgia as supporting characters. Rafael Sabatini (April 29 1875 - February 13 1950 was an Italian / British Writer of Novels of romance and adventure.
• Rafael Sabatini wrote a book, The Life of Cesare Borgia, available at Project Gutenberg. Rafael Sabatini (April 29 1875 - February 13 1950 was an Italian / British Writer of Novels of romance and adventure. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works , that attempts to treat the Borgias historically.
• Gregory Maguire's novel Mirror, Mirror is a historical fantasy that retells the story of Snow White, in which Lucrezia figures prominently as the evil stepmother. Gregory Maguire (born June 9, 1954 in Albany, New York) is an American author Mirror Mirror is an American novel published in 2003 It was written by Gregory Maguire. Snow White (in Low German Sneewittchen; in High German Schneeweißchen) is the title character of a Fairy tale known from many countries in She is depicted as a decadent, vain and beautiful woman with a mind for politics and little regard for others. Her affair with her father is hinted at but never confirmed, but her relationship with Cesare is a major plot point.
• Jeanne Kalogridis's book The Borgia Bride tells the story of Sancha of Aragon (sister of Alfonso who later married Lucrezia) married to Jofre Borgia about her life in Rome and her involvement with Cesare and Lucrezia. The Borgia Bride is a novel by Jeanne Kalogridis, portraying life in the Borgia dynasty through the eyes of Princess Sancha of Aragon The latter is depicted as having an incestuous relationship with her father and brother but not as a vicious person. She's mostly manipulated by her family.
• Jean Plaidy's two novels, "Madonna of the Seven Hills" and "Light On Lucrezia" follow the story of Lucrezia and her entanglement with her father and brothers. Eleanor Alice Burford ( September 01, 1906 in Kensington, London, England – January 18, 1993 at sea somewhere Plaidy's writing is well-supported by research and her extensive knowledge of European history; based on her understanding, Plaidy portrays Lucrezia as a pawn of her father and brother Cesare.
• Kerri Hawkins' 2002 novel Blood Legacy: The Story of Ryan includes Lucrezia, her father and brother Cesare as minor characters.
• A novel The Family, written by Mario Puzo, was centered around the Borgia family. The Family is a 2001 Novel by Mario Puzo. The novel is about Pope Alexander VI and his family Mario Gianluigi Puzo ( October 15, 1920 &ndash July 2, 1999) was a two time Academy Award -winning Italian American Although this novel was started early in his career, it was his last novel to be completed. Puzo called the Borgias "the first crime family" and incorporated many of their exploits and characteristics into his blockbuster novel, "The Godfather"; most prominently the notion that family loyalty was of primary importance above all else.
• David Davalos' 2002 play Daedalus features Lucrezia Borgia involved in a secret love affair with Leonardo da Vinci, who is working as a military engineer for her brother Cesare.
• Milo Manara, an Italian comic book creator, drew a comic book divided in three parts depicting the story of the Borgia family. Milo Manara, byname of Maurilio Manara (born September 12, 1945 in Luson, Bolzano-Bozen) is an Italian Comic book The texts were written by Alejandro Jodorowsky. Alejandro Jodorowsky (ɑːlɛˈxɑːndrɒ jɒdɒˈrɒvskiː (born February 7 1929 in Tocopilla, Chile, of a Jewish Russian (Ukranian immigrant family
• A fictionalized version of Lucrezia appeared in issues 98-100 of Avengers West Coast as the supervillain Cyana, a member of the fourth incarnation of the Lethal Legion. The West Coast Avengers is a Fictional group of superheroes that appear in Publications published by Marvel Comics. A supervillain or supervillainess is a variant of the Villain character type commonly found in Comic books, Action movies and The Lethal Legion is a team of characters that appear in the Fictional Marvel Universe.
• She appears as a side character in the Dutch book De Scharlaken Stad, by Hella S. Haasse. Hella Serafia Haasse (born 2 February 1918 in Batavia) is one of the most important modern Dutch writers The book tells the story of her brother Giovanni Borgia. Giovanni Borgia may refer to Giovanni Borgia (1474, born in 1474 Duke of Gandia son Pope Alexander VI Giovanni Borgia (1498, born
• A fictionalized version of Lucrezia, along with her brother Cesare, appeared as villains in the 2005 Buffyverse novel Queen of the Slayers. " Buffyverse " is a term coined by fans of Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel to refer to the shared Fictional universe in Queen of the Slayers is an original novel based on the American television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
• The novel Lucrezia Borgia and the Mother of Poisons, Roberta Gellis, Forge Books, 2004. Depicts Lucrezia as an amateur sleuth tracking down who is doing the poisoning and learning about the properties of aconite along the way.
• The novel Lucrezia Borgia, John Faunce, Three Rivers Press; Reprint edition 2004
• The historical novel, Lucrezia Borgia, by Maria Bellonci, Mondadori, 2003, was first published in 1939, winning the Viarreggio Literary Award and the Galante Prize. An English translation, The Life and Times of Lucrezia Borgia, is available from Phoenix Press.

Television and other media

• Lucrezia Borgia animation short done on Shermon and Peabody part of the first season of the Rocky and Bullwinkle show.

References

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic