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For other uses, see Lucania (disambiguation).
Map of ancient Lucania
Map of ancient Lucania

Lucania was an ancient district of southern Italy, extending from the Tyrrhenian Sea to the Gulf of Taranto. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno is part of the Mediterranean Sea off of the western coast of Italy. The Gulf of Taranto ( Italian: Golfo di Taranto, Latin: Sinus Tarentinus) is a gulf of the Ionian Sea, in southern Italy To the north it adjoined Campania, Samnium and Apulia, and to the south it was separated by a narrow isthmus from the district of Bruttium. Campania is a region of Southern Italy in Europe. The region has a population of around 5 Samnium ( Oscan: Safinim; Italian Sannio) is a historical region of the south central Apennines in Italy, that was home to the Apulia ( Italian: Puglia) is a region in southeastern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east the Ionian Sea An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of It thus comprised almost all the modern region of the Basilicata, with the greater part of the province of Salerno (the so-called Cilento) and a portion of that of Cosenza. Basilicata is a region in the south of Italy, bordering on Campania to the west Apulia ( Puglia) to the east Calabria to Salerno is a town in southern Italy, capital of the province of the same name in the region of Campania. Cilento is an Italian geographical region of Campania, in the central and southern part of the Province of Salerno; and an important tourist area of southern Cosenza is a city in Italy, located at the confluence of the rivers Busento and Crathis. The precise limits were the river Silarus on the north-west, which separated it from Campania, and the Bradanus, which flows into the Gulf of Tarentum, on the north-east; while the two little rivers Laus and Crathis, flowing from the ridge of the Apennines to the sea on the west and east, marked the limits of the district on the side of the Bruttii. The Sele is a River in southwestern Italy. Originating from the Monti Picentini, it flows through the region of Campania and into the Campania is a region of Southern Italy in Europe. The region has a population of around 5 The Gulf of Taranto ( Italian: Golfo di Taranto, Latin: Sinus Tarentinus) is a gulf of the Ionian Sea, in southern Italy The Lao ( Greek:; Latin: Laus, Laos or Laüs; formerly also Laino) is a river of southern Italy. The Crathis or Crater ( Greek:; Italian: Crati) is one of the most considerable rivers of Bruttium (modern Calabria) The Bruttii ( Greek:, Italian: Bruzi were an ancient Italic people who inhabited the southern extremity of Italy, from the frontiers of

Contents

Geography

Almost the whole is occupied by the Apennines, here an irregular group of lofty masses. The main ridge approaches the western sea, and is continued from the lofty knot of mountains on the frontiers of Samnium, nearly due south to within a few miles of the Gulf of Policastro, and thenceforward is separated from the sea by only a narrow interval until it enters the district of the Bruttii. This article is about the body of water For other uses see SEA and Seas. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak Samnium ( Oscan: Safinim; Italian Sannio) is a historical region of the south central Apennines in Italy, that was home to the History The town was founded in 471 BC as Pixunte (Pixous a colony of Magna Graecia. The Bruttii ( Greek:, Italian: Bruzi were an ancient Italic people who inhabited the southern extremity of Italy, from the frontiers of Just within the frontier of Lucania rises Monte Pollino, 7325 ft. The Pollino (Italian Massiccio del Pollino) is a massif in the southern Apennines, on the border between Calabria and Basilicata, southern , the highest peak in the southern Apennines. The mountains descend by a much more gradual slope to the coastal plain of the Gulf of Tarentum. A coastal plain is an area of flat low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast and separated from the interior by other features The Gulf of Taranto ( Italian: Golfo di Taranto, Latin: Sinus Tarentinus) is a gulf of the Ionian Sea, in southern Italy Thus the rivers which flow to the Tyrrhenian Sea are of little importance compared with those that descend towards the Gulf of Tarentum. The Tyrrhenian Sea (Mar Tirreno is part of the Mediterranean Sea off of the western coast of Italy. Of these the most important are the Bradanus (Bradano), the Casuentus (Basento), the Aciris (Agri), and the Siris (Sinni). The Basento (Latin Casuentus) is a River in southern Italy. It rises in the southern Apennine Mountains, west of Potenza. The Agri is a 136 km long River in southern Italy. It Flows through the Region of Basilicata and into the Ionian Sea, near Siris ( Greek:) was an ancient city of Magna Graecia, situated at the mouth of the river of the same name flowing into the Tarentine gulf, and now called Sinni may refer to Sinni River, Italy Sinni Oman SpecialShortpages The Crathis, which forms at its mouth the southern limit of the province, belongs almost wholly to the territory of the Bruttii, but it receives a tributary, the Sybaris (Coscile), from the mountains of Lucania. The Crathis or Crater ( Greek:; Italian: Crati) is one of the most considerable rivers of Bruttium (modern Calabria) The Bruttii ( Greek:, Italian: Bruzi were an ancient Italic people who inhabited the southern extremity of Italy, from the frontiers of Sybaris ( Greek:) was a celebrated city of Magna Graecia on the western shore of the Gulf of Taranto. The only considerable stream on the western side is the Silarus (Sele), which constitutes the northern boundary, and has two important tributaries in the Calor (Calore Lucano or Calore Salernitano) and the Tanager (Tanagro or Negro) which joins it from the south. The Sele is a River in southwestern Italy. Originating from the Monti Picentini, it flows through the region of Campania and into the It is frequently confused with another river in Italy named Calore in the same regione Campania (see Calore Irpino) The Tanagro ( Tànagro) or Negro is a River in southwestern Italy.

History

The district of Lucania was so called from the people bearing the name Lucani (Lucanians) by whom it was conquered about the middle of the 5th century BC. The Lucani ( Lucanians) were an ancient people of Italy who spoke an Oscan language, a member of the Italic languages. The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Before that period it was included under the general name of Oenotria, which was applied by the Greeks to the southernmost portion of Italy. The Oenotrians (a Greek tribe led by Oenotrus) were an ancient Italic people who settled a territory of remarkably large dimensions including the region of Apulia The mountainous interior was occupied by the tribes known as Oenotrians and Choni, while the coasts on both sides were occupied by powerful Greek colonies which doubtless exercised a protectorate over the interior (see Magna Graecia). The Oenotrians (a Greek tribe led by Oenotrus) were an ancient Italic people who settled a territory of remarkably large dimensions including the region of Apulia Colonies in antiquity were City-states founded from a mother- City The Lucanians were a southern branch of the Samnite or Sabellic race, who spoke the Oscan language. The Osco-Umbrian languages or Sabellic languages are a group of languages that belong to the Italic language family of the Indo-European languages. Oscan, the language of the Osci, is in the Sabellic branch of the Italic language family, which is a branch of Indo-European that also includes They had a democratic constitution save in time of war, when a dictator was chosen from among the regular magistrates. A dictator is an Authoritarian ruler (eg Absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power without hereditary ascension such as an Absolute A few Oscan inscriptions survive, mostly in Greek characters, from the 4th or 3rd century BC, and some coins with Oscan legends of the 3rd century. main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review [1] The Lucanians gradually conquered the whole country (with the exception of the Greek towns on the coast) from the borders of Samnium and Campania to the southern extremity of Italy. Samnium ( Oscan: Safinim; Italian Sannio) is a historical region of the south central Apennines in Italy, that was home to the Campania is a region of Southern Italy in Europe. The region has a population of around 5 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Subsequently the inhabitants of the peninsula, now known as Calabria, broke into insurrection, and under the name of Bruttians established their independence, after which the Lucanians became confined within the limits already described. Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of The Bruttii ( Greek:, Italian: Bruzi were an ancient Italic people who inhabited the southern extremity of Italy, from the frontiers of After this we find them engaged in hostilities with the Tarentines, and with Alexander, king of Epirus, who was called in by that people to their assistance, 334 BC. Not to be confused with Toronto. Taranto ( Ancient Greek: Tarās; Modern Greek: Tarantas) is a coastal city in Alexander I of Epirus (ca 370 BC - ca 331 BC also known as Alexander Molossus was a king of Epirus (350 BC-331 BC of the Aeacid dynasty. In 298 BC (Livy x. II seq. ) they made alliance with Rome, and Roman influence was extended by the colonies of Venusia (291 BC), Paestum (273), and above all Tarentum (272). Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Paestum is the classical Roman name of a major Graeco-Roman city in the Campania region of Italy. Not to be confused with Toronto. Taranto ( Ancient Greek: Tarās; Modern Greek: Tarantas) is a coastal city in Subsequently they were sometimes in alliance, but more frequently engaged in hostilities, during the Samnite wars. The First, Second, and Third Samnite wars, between the early Roman Republic and the tribes of Samnium, extended over half a century involving On the landing of Pyrrhus in Italy (281 BC) they were among the first to declare in his favor, and found themselves exposed to the resentment of Rome when the departure of Pyrrhus left his allies at the mercy of the Romans. Pyrrhus (318-272 BC ( Greek: Πύρρος Aιακιδης Pyrros Aiakides was one of the most successful ancient Greek generals of the Hellenistic After several campaigns they were reduced to subjection (272 BC). Notwithstanding this they espoused the cause of Hannibal during the Second Punic War (216 BC), and their territory during several campaigns was ravaged by both armies. Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western The country never recovered from these disasters, and under the Roman government fell into decay, to which the Social War, in which the Lucanians took part with the Samnites against Rome (90-88 BC) gave the finishing stroke. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 In the time of Strabo the Greek cities on the coast had fallen into insignificance, and owing to the decrease of population and cultivation the malaria began to obtain the upper hand. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. The few towns of the interior were of no importance. A large part of the province was given up to pasture, and the mountains were covered with forests, which abounded in wild boars, bears and wolves. There were some fifteen independent communities, but none of great importance.

For administrative purposes under the Roman empire, Lucania was always united with the district of the Bruttii, a practice continued by Theodoric. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Theodoric the Great (454 – August 30, 526) known to the Romans as Flavius Theodoricus, was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526 ruler of [2] The two together constituted the third region of Augustus. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was

Cities and towns

The towns on the east coast were Metapontum, a few miles south of the Bradanus; Heraclea, at the mouth of the Aciris; and Sins, on the river of the same name. Metapontum or Metapontium ( Greek:: Thuc Strab and all Greek writers have this form the Latins almost universally Metapontum was an important city Heraclea (also Heracleia or Herakleia; Greek:) was an ancient city of Magna Graecia, situated in Lucania on the Gulf of Tarentum Close to its southern frontier stood Sybaris, which was destroyed in 510 ac. Sybaris ( Greek:) was a celebrated city of Magna Graecia on the western shore of the Gulf of Taranto. , but subsequently replaced by Thurii. Thurii &ndash Greek:, called also by some Latin writers and by Ptolemy, Thurium ( Ptol On the west coast stood Posidonia, known under the Roman government as Paestum; below that came Elea or Velia, Pyxus, called by the Romans Buxentum, and Laüs, near the frontier of the province towards Bruttium. Pos(eidonia also refers to the city of Magna Graecia later known as Paestum Posidonia is a genus of Flowering plants Paestum is the classical Roman name of a major Graeco-Roman city in the Campania region of Italy. Elea may refer to Velia (town, Italy Elea Kyrenia, Cyprus Elea Nicosia, Cyprus "Velia" redirects here See also Velia (hill and Novi Velia. History The town was founded in 471 BC as Pixunte (Pixous a colony of Magna Graecia. Laüs or Laus or Laos ( Greek: was an ancient city on the west coast of Lucania, at the mouth of the river of the same name, which Calabria ( Latin: Brutium) is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of Of the towns of the interior the most considerable was Potentia, still called Potenza. Potenza (poˈtentsa is a town and Comune in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata (former Lucania To the north, near the frontier of Apulia, was Bantia (Aceruntia belonged more properly to Apulia); while due south from Potentia was Grumentum, and still farther in that direction were Nerulum and Muranum. Banzi is a town and Comune in the Province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. Acerenza is a town and Comune in the Province of Potenza, in the Southern Italian region of Basilicata. Grumentum was an ancient town in the centre of Lucania, in what is now the Comune of Grumento Nova, c In the upland valley of the Tanagrus were Atina, Forum Popilii and Consilinum (near Sala Consilina); Eburi (Eboli) and Volceii (Buccino), though to the north of the Silarus, were also included in Lucania. Atena Lucana is a town and Comune in the Province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. Sala Consilina is a Town and Comune in the Province of Salerno in the Campania region of south-western Italy. Eboli is a town of Campania, Italy, in the Province of Salerno, on the south edge of the hills overlooking the valley of the Sele. Buccino is a town in Campania in Italy, in the Province of Salerno, located about 700 m above sea level The Sele is a River in southwestern Italy. Originating from the Monti Picentini, it flows through the region of Campania and into the The Via Popilia traversed the district from N. The Via Popilia is either of two different ancient Roman roads begun in the consulship of Publius Popilius Laenas, who was better known for his attack on the Gracchi to S. , entering it at the NW. extremity; the Via Herculia, coming southwards from the Via Appia and passing through Potentia and Grumentum, joined the Via Popilia near the S. The Appian Way ( Latin and Italian: Via Appia) was the most important ancient Roman road. The Via Popilia is either of two different ancient Roman roads begun in the consulship of Publius Popilius Laenas, who was better known for his attack on the Gracchi W edge of the district: while another nameless road followed the east coast and other roads of less importance ran W. from Potentia to the Via Popilia, N. The Via Popilia is either of two different ancient Roman roads begun in the consulship of Publius Popilius Laenas, who was better known for his attack on the Gracchi E. to the Via Appia and E. The Appian Way ( Latin and Italian: Via Appia) was the most important ancient Roman road. from Grumentum to the coast at Heraclea. (T. As. )

Notes

  1. ^ see Conway, Italic Dialects, p. Robert Seymour Conway (1864 - 1933 was a British classical scholar and Comparative philologist. II sqq. ; Mommsen, C. Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen ( 30 November 1817 &ndash 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, I. L. x. p. 2I; Roehl, Inscriptiones Graecae Antiquissimae, 547.
  2. ^ Cassiodorus: Chapter 1, Backgrounds and Some Dates

References

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