Lublin
Flag Coat of arms
Lublin
Coordinates: 51°14′53″N 22°34′13″E / 51.24806, 22.57028
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Lublin
County	city county
Established	before 12th century
Town rights	1317
Government
- Mayor	Adam Wasilewski
Area
- City	147 km² (56. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Lublin Voivodeship (also known as Lublin Province or województwo lubelskie or simply Lubelskie) is a voivodeship, or Province, in eastern Poland A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi)
Population (2006)
- City	354,272
- Density	2,410/km² (6,241. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/sq mi)
- Metro	640,000
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	20-001 to 20-999
Area code(s)	+48 81
Car plates	LU
Website: http://www.um.lublin.pl/

Lublin [ˈlublin] ( listen) is the biggest city in eastern Poland and the capital of Lublin Voivodeship with a population of 355,954 (2004). Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Lublin Voivodeship (also known as Lublin Province or województwo lubelskie or simply Lubelskie) is a voivodeship, or Province, in eastern Poland It is Poland's ninth largest city. This page contains a list of cities and towns in Poland, preceded by a table of major Polish cities

Contents 1 History 2 Economy 2.1 Business 3 Students 4 Media in Lublin 4.1 Television 4.2 Radio 4.3 Newspapers 5 Transport 5.1 Airport 6 Tourism and nightlife 7 Education 8 Sports 9 Notable residents 10 Politics 10.1 Lublin constituency 11 Twin cities 12 See also 13 References 14 External links

History

The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages, though archeological finds indicate a long, earlier presence of various cultures in the general area. The earliest, most significant settlement began in the 6th century, on a hill located in the suburb of Czwartek (in Polish Thursday, most likely in reference to the market day of the settlement). The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. It is likely that the surrounding hills, notably the site of the present day Old Town, were also settled at around this time. Lublin Old Town - constitutes one of the most precious Polish complexes of historic buildings In the 10th and 11th centuries the Czwartek settlement developed into an important trade centre. The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it a military significance. The first fortification on the site may have been built as early as the 8th century, possibly on the Castle Hill. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Certainly at the end of the 10th century a significant fortification existed there. As the castle grew, the Old Town hill adjacent to it became the main focus of settlement, and the Czwartek settlement declined in relative importance. The castle became the seat of a Castellan, first mentioned in historical sources from 1224, but quite possibly present from the start of the 12th, or even 10th century. A castellan was the Governor or caretaker of a Castle or Keep. The oldest historical document mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier.

The city was a target of attacks by Tatars, Ruthenes, Yotvingians and Lithuanians and was destroyed a number of times. Tatars ( Tatar: Tatarlar/Татарлар sometimes spelled Tartars, are a Turkic -speaking ethnic group or multiple ethnic groups The term Ruthenians (Русини Rusyny) is a culturally loaded term and has different meanings according to the context in which it is used Yotvingians or Sudovians (also called Suduvians, Jatvians, or Jatvingians in English (Jotvingiai Sūduviai Jatvingi Jaćwingowie Яцьвягі Lithuanians are the Baltic Ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million It received a city charter in 1317. Casimir the Great, appreciating the strategic importance of the site, built a masonry castle in 1341 and encircled the city with defensive walls. Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz Wielki April 30 1310 – November 5 1370 last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty (1333–1370 was the son of King Władysław

In 1392, the city received an important trade privilege from king Władysław Jagiełło, and with the coming of the peace between Poland and Lithuania developed into a great trade centre carrying a large portion of commerce between the two countries. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. In 1474 the area around Lublin was combined to form the Lublin Voivodeship. Lublin Voivodeship (also known as Lublin Province or województwo lubelskie or simply Lubelskie) is a voivodeship, or Province, in eastern Poland In the 15th century and 16th century the town grew rapidly. The largest trade fairs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were held in Lublin. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic During the 16th century the noble parliaments (sejm) were held in Lublin a number of times. On June 26, 1569, one of the most important ones proclaimed the Union of Lublin, which united Poland and Lithuania. The Union of Lublin (Liublino unija Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія Polish: Unia Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The Lithuanian name for the city is Liublinas.

Some of the artists and writers of the Polish renaissance lived and worked in Lublin, including Sebastian Klonowic and Jan Kochanowski, who died in the city in 1584. The Renaissance in Poland (Odrodzenie literally 'Rebirth' lasted from the late 15th century to the late 16th century and is widely considered to be the Golden Age of Polish culture Sebastian Fabian Klonowic (b 1545 Sulmierzyce, d August 29, 1602 Lublin) was a Polish Poet and writer Life Kochanowski was born at Sycyna, near Radom, Poland. Little is known of his early education In 1578 the Crown Tribunal was established in the city, this being the highest court of the Lesser Poland region. Crown Tribunal ( Polish: Trybunał Koronny, Latin Iudicium Ordinarium Generale Tribunalis Regni) – was the highest Appeal Lesser Poland (also "Little Poland" Polish: Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland

Since the second half of the 16th century, Reformation movements developed in Lublin, and a large congregation of Polish Brethren was present in the city. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Polish Brethren (also called Antitrinitarians, Arians, or Socinians, Polish Arianie, Bracia Polscy) was the name of a Protestant One of Poland's most important Jewish communities was also established in Lublin around this time. It continued to be a vital part of the city's life until the community ceased to exist during the Nazi Holocaust. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Between 1580 and 1764 the Jewish Council of Four Lands Arba Aracot (Sejm of 4 countries) was held in Lublin. Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a 70 delegates of Jewish local kahals met to discuss issue of taxations and other important for Jewish communities issues.

Students came to Lublin from all over Europe to study at the yeshiva there. Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n The yeshiva became a centre of learning of both Talmud and Kabbalah. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. The great scholarship of those who studied there led to the city being named the "Jewish Oxford"; the Rosh yeshiva received the title of rector and equal rights to those in Polish universities with the permission of the King in 1567. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the Rosh yeshiva, ( pl. Heb. Roshei yeshiva; Yeshivish Rosh yeshivas) (ראש ישיבה is the title given to the dean of

In the 17th century, the town suffered a decline due to the Swedish invasion during the Northern Wars. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar This article is about the 17th century war For 16th century war see Northern Seven Years' War ( 1563 – 1570) After the Third of the Partitions of Poland in 1795 Lublin was located in the Austrian empire, then since 1809 in the Duchy of Warsaw, and then since 1815 in the Congress Poland under Russian rule. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending At the beginning of the 19th century a number of modern urban developments took place, with new squares, streets, and public buildings coming into existence. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar In 1877 a railway connection to Warsaw and Kovel was built, which spurred industrial development in the city. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Kovel (Ковель translit Kovel’, Polish: Kowel is a City located in the Volyn Oblast ( province) in north-western Lublin's population grew from 28,900 in 1873 to 50,150 in 1897. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common

The Russian rule ended in 1915, when the city was occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies. Lublin Castle (Zamek Lubelski is situated in Lublin, Poland, adjacent to the Old Town district and close to the city center Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year After the defeat of the Central Powers in 1918, the first government of independent Poland operated in Lublin for a short time. The Central Powers ( German: "Mittelmächte" Hungarian: "Központi hatalmak" Turkish: "İttifak Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In the inter war years, the city continued to develop, its population grew, and important industrial enterprises were established, including the first aviation factory in Poland, the Plage i Laśkiewicz works, later nationalized as the LWS factory. Plage i Laśkiewicz (Plage & Laśkiewicz was the first Polish Aerospace manufacturer, located in Lublin and manufacturing Aircraft under LWS - Lubelska Wytwórnia Samolotów ( Lublin Aircraft Factory) was the Polish Aerospace manufacturer, located in Lublin The Catholic University of Lublin was founded in 1918. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (in Polish Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, or KUL) is located in Lublin The city contained a vibrant Jewish community which formed around 40% of Lublin's population.

After the 1939 German invasion of Poland the city found itself in the General Government. Built at the hands of Rabbi Meir Shapiro, Chachmei Lublin Yeshiva, (Jesziwat Chachmei Lublin was an important centre for Torah study in Poland. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied The General Government (Generalgouvernement refers to a part of the territories of Poland (and Ostrava Czechoslovakia under German Military occupation During the German occupation the city's population was a target of various repressions by the occupiers, with a particularly grim fate reserved for the Jewish inhabitants. German plans were aimed towards turning Lublin into Germanised city with its population of Ethnic Germans growing towards 20-25 %, compared with 10-15% in 1939. This article is about the German diaspora See Germans for the German ethnicity in general [3].

The city served as a German headquarters for Operation Reinhardt, the main German effort to exterminate the Jews in occupied Poland. Operation Reinhard ( Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard in German) was the code name given to the Nazi plan to murder Polish Jews Lublin's Jewish population was forced into the Lublin ghetto established around the area of Podzamcze. The majority of the ghetto's inhabitants, about 26,000 people, were deported to the Bełżec death camp between 17 March and 11 April 1942. Belzec (Bełżec approximate Polish pronunciation bew-zhets) was the first of the Nazi German Extermination camps created for implementing Extermination camps were two types of facilities that Nazi Germany built during World War II for the systematic killing of millions of people in what has become Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The remainder were moved to facilities around Majdanek, a large concentration camp established at the outskirts of the city. Majdanek was a Nazi Concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin, Poland. Most of them were killed by the war's end. After the war the few Jews who survived in hiding or by escaping to Soviet territory reestablished a small Jewish community in the city, but it quickly shrank to insignificance as most Jews left Poland for Israel and the West in the immediate postwar years. The Majdanek camp, together with the prison established in the Lublin castle, also served as a major centre of terror measures aimed at the non-Jewish population of Lublin and the surrounding district. Majdanek was a Nazi Concentration camp on the outskirts of Lublin, Poland.

On 24 July 1944, the city was taken by the Soviet Army and became the temporary capital of a Soviet-controlled communist Polish Committee of National Liberation established in the city, which was to serve as basis for a puppet government. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. The Polish Committee of National Liberation ( Polish Polski Komitet Wyzwolenia Narodowego, PKWN) also known as the Lublin Committee, was a The capital was moved to Warsaw in January 1945. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar In the postwar years Lublin continued to grow, tripling its population and greatly expanding in area. A considerable scientific and research base was established around the newly founded Maria Curie-Sklodowska University. Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (in Polish Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, commonly shortened to UMCS) was founded October 23, A large automobile factory (FSC) was established in the city. FSC (in Polish Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych) is a large Automotive factory established in Poland while it was part of the Soviet In July 1980, the workers of Lublin and nearby Świdnik began the first in the wave of mass strikes aimed against the Communist regime, which eventually led to the emergence of the Solidarity movement. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Świdnik is a town in eastern Poland with 42797 inhabitants (2004 situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, very near the city of Lublin. Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by Employees to perform work. The first strike began on July 8 in the WSK factory in Świdnik. Świdnik is a town in eastern Poland with 42797 inhabitants (2004 situated in the Lublin Voivodeship, very near the city of Lublin. It then quickly spread to other factories in Lublin and the surrounding region. The railroad network and city transit came to a standstill. Ultimately. 150 factories employing 50,000 workers joined the strike. The strikers used a novel tactic of staying inside their factories and occupying them, instead of marching in the streets where the authorities would have found it easy to use force against them. The workers made demands for their economic situation to be improved. They also made political demands, such as: new elections for the leadership of the trade unions, liquidation of privileges for the Communist party governing class, and the reduction of the bureaucracy in the factories.

The July strikes lasted two weeks. The Holocaust Memorial in Lublin (Pomnik ku czci masowej eksterminacji ludności żydowskiej Pomnik ofiar getta commemorates the Jewish inhabitants of the city who perished The Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (sometimes simply Carmel by Synecdoche; Latin: Ordo fratrum Beatæ The Communist authorities eventually managed to bring them to an end peacefully, mainly by granting economic concessions to the workers. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based However, the momentum generated by the Lublin strikes quickly gave rise to a new wave of strikes in the Gdańsk region in August 1980. Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) The workers there used similar tactics as the Lublin workers used a month before, and this time the Communist authorities had to agree to the strikers' demand to set up an independent trade union, which soon became the Solidarity.

Economy

The Lublin region had the lowest per capita GDP in the entire European Union until Bulgaria and Romania joined in 2007 (it was 32% of EU average in 2002). The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. It is a part of eastern Poland, which has generally benefited less from the economic transformation after 1989 than other regions of Poland located closer to Western Europe. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' While the standard of living in the city of Lublin is considerably higher than in the surrounding countryside, the city's relatively poor economic performance is unavoidably tied to the poverty of its surrounding region.

Factories built under the Communist regime in the city have generally performed poorly in the new market economy. The large car factory FSC (Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych) seemed to have a brighter future when acquired by the South Korean Daewoo conglomerate in the early 1990s. FSC (in Polish Fabryka Samochodów Ciężarowych) is a large Automotive factory established in Poland while it was part of the Soviet South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː This article is about the Chaebol Daewoo Group For the Korean auto company Daewoo Motors that is associated with Chevrolet, see GM Daewoo. With Daewoo's financial troubles in 1998, the production at FSC practically collapsed and the factory entered bankruptcy. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Efforts to restart its van production succeeded when the engine supplier bought the company in order not to lose its prime market. With the decline of Lublin as a regional industrial centre, the city's economy is being reoriented towards the service industries. Currently, the largest employer is the Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS). Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (in Polish Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, commonly shortened to UMCS) was founded October 23, In 2001, Lublin became a sister city to its only namesake outside Poland; Lublin, Wisconsin, USA. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Lublin is a village in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Agriculturally, the area of Lublin has been an important center of hops production since medieval times, and Lublin hops are used in lager beers throughout Central Europe. Hops are the female Flower cones of the hop plant ( Humulus lupulus) Lager (storage camp bearing etc is the more popular of two main types of Beer; the other being Ale. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea A hop plant is depicted on the city's coat of arms in recognition of this. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people

Business

The prices of land and investing costs are still lower than that in western part of Poland. However, the Lublin area is one of main beneficiaries of the EU development funds- [4] Mr. Jerzy Kwiecinski, the Deputy Secretary of State in the Ministry for Regional Development at the Conference of the Ministry for Regional Development (Poland in the European Union – new possibilities for foreign investors) said: -

“In the immediate financial outlook, between 2007 and 2013, we will be the largest beneficiaries of the EU - every fifth Euro will be spent in Poland. In total, we will have at our disposal 120 billion EUR, assigned exclusively for post development activities. This sum will be an enormous boost for our country”. [5]

In September 2007, the Prime Minister signed a bill creating a special economic investment zone in Lublin that offers tax incentives. It is part of “Park Mielec” – the European Economic Development area - [6]; [www. um. lublin. pl. ] At least 13 large companies had declared their wish to invest here e. g. Carefaur, Comarch, Safo, Asseco, Aliplast, Herbapol and Perła Browary Lubelskie - [7]; [8]. At the same time the energy giant Polska Grupa Energetyczna, which build Poland's first nuclear power station will have its main offices in Lublin.

There are a number of new shopping centers built in Lublin such as Lublin Plaza and galeria Gala, the largest shopping centre in Lublin covering 33500 square metres. Similar investments are already being advanced or planned for in the near future such as Park Felin (Felicity) and new gallery between Świętoduska and Lubartowska streets ^[1].

Lublin will also take an active part in the preparations for the upcoming EURO 2012 championships, with several preliminary matches being held in the city. This will bring the associated investment in infrastructure.

Students

Lublin has a student population of around 100,000. It is called a “Polish Oxford” for its 5 public universities:

• UMCS - University of Maria Curie-Skłodowska in Lublin
• KUL - Catholic University of Lublin
• Medical University in Lublin
• Technical University in Lublin
• University of Life Sciences in Lublin

Besides them, in Lublin is ran a lot of other private higher education establishments. Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (in Polish Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, commonly shortened to UMCS) was founded October 23, The Polish Government is going to run in Lublin a new University in cooperation with Ukraine Government, it will be one of the most innovative international venture of the years. Polish-Ukrainian Academy will provide multicultural exchange, and will be caring about Polish and Ukrainian heritage and history. It will be the milestone in rapprochement of the Poland and Ukraine. And of the Ukraine and European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in

Celtic Culture in Lublin The Catholic University of Lublin has the largest Department of Celtic Studies in the country - if not in all of Eastern Europe, teaching courses on the Welsh and Irish languages (modern and medieval) including the culture, history and literature of these countries. As a result the University and Lublin have recently been host to many cultural events providing interesting cultural links between Wales and Poland, two countries whose awareness of each other is perhaps rather imbalanced (Wales having hosted many Polish immigrants since the Second World War, but Poland generally remaining rather ignorant of the Celtic element of the island they refer to as 'Anglia').

Media in Lublin

Television

• TVP 1 (channel 9),
• TVP 2 (channel 23),
• Polsat TV (channel 35),
• TVP Info (channel 39),
• TVP Lublin (channel 39),
• TVN (channel 41),
• TV 4 (channel 57). Telewizja Polska Spółka Akcyjna ( TVP SA, often abbreviated to only TVP, Polish Television) is Poland 's Public broadcasting Polsat is Poland 's third biggest Television channel, founded in 1992 and owned by Zygmunt Solorz-Żak.

Radio

Radiostations based in Lublin:

• Radio eR - 87,9 FM,
• Radio Lublin (regional station of the Polish Radio) - 89,9 FM / 102,2 FM,
• Radio Puls (part of the Zlote Przeboje) - 95,6 FM,
• Radio Centrum (University radio) - 98,2 FM,
• Radio Eska Lublin - 103,6 FM,

National and regional radios:

• RMF FM - 89,3 FM,
• Polish Radio 1 - 90,8 FM,
• Polish Radio 2 - 91,8 FM,
• Radio Maryja - 97 FM,
• Polish Radio EURO - 99 FM,
• Radio Kielce (regional station of the Polish Radio) - 101,4 FM,
• Polish Radio Trójka - 104,2 FM,
• Radio ESKA ROCK - 106,1 FM,
• Radio Zet - 107 FM. Radio Lublin (Polskie Radio Lublin SA - Polish public regional broadcaster based in Lublin in east Poland. Polskie Radio Spółka Akcyjna ( PR SA, "Polish Radio" is Poland 's public Radio network Broadcasting Corporation. Polskie Radio Spółka Akcyjna ( PR SA, "Polish Radio" is Poland 's public Radio network Broadcasting Corporation. Polskie Radio Spółka Akcyjna ( PR SA, "Polish Radio" is Poland 's public Radio network Broadcasting Corporation.

Newspapers

• Kurier Lubelski (daily, regional partner of the national newspaper "Polska. The Times") Kurier's www
• Dziennik Wschodni (daily)
• Gazeta Wyborcza Lublin Edition (daily, regional supplement to the national newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza)
• Metro (daily, free)
• Nasze Miasto Lublin (weekly, free)

Transport

Trains run ten times a day to Warsaw and three times to Krakow as well as all other major cities in Poland. Gazeta Wyborcza vɨ'bɔrtʂa}} ( Polish for "Election Gazette" is Poland 's second-largest daily newspaper (after the tabloid Fakt Buses also run from below the castle in the Old Town and serve most of the same destinations as the rail network. The fast train to Warsaw takes around two and half hours and public transport is available to the Frederick Chopin Airport, which is only 10km outside the centre and has flights worldwide. The Polski Express bus service runs seven daily buses from the airport direct to Lublin and the journey takes around three and a half hours ([9]; [10]).

Airport

The new airport in Świdnik, near Lublin, which has finally been accepted and will receive large EU funds, will be opened by 2011 at the latest and will serve a large young population of this area as well as business- [11]; [www. koziolek. lublin. pl/news. php?did=21&idnews=62891&PHPSESSID=bbbb5fdd13cde5de728a3dd8e725c9a5]; [www. um. lublin. pl. ]

Tourism and nightlife

In addition to being an important historical site, Lublin has bars, cafes and restaurants that are significantly cheaper than neighbouring Warsaw. Catering to a large number of students, who account for 35% of the population, the city offers a vibrant music and nightclub scene ^[2] Lublin has many theatres, philharmonic orchestras and museums. ^[3] There are riding schools ([12]; [13]), old forests and one can kayak and cycle around the Bystrzyca river ([14]; [15]). The Zemborzycki Zalew is a large man-made lake with some wind surfing, fishing and other lake activities - [16]. Lublin’s Old Town has cobbled streets and interesting buildings. The classic architecture of the Old Town Hall and Tribunal in the Market Square is surrounded by burgher houses and winding lanes. ^[4] At ul. Raabego, there is a 104 metre tall concrete TV Tower (not accessible for tourists) of unconventional design, as it consists of a frame structure in which the tower stucks. [17].

Education

It has six schools of higher education, including Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS) and John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (KUL). Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (in Polish Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, commonly shortened to UMCS) was founded October 23, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (in Polish Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, or KUL) is located in Lublin

• Uniwersytet Medyczny – [18] (Medical University of Lublin)
• Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy – [19]
• Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski im. Jana Pawła II – [20]
• Lubelska Szkoła Biznesu – [21]
• Politechnika Lubelska – [22]
• Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej – [23]
• Wyższa Szkoła Ekonomii i Innowacji w Lublinie – [24]
• Wyższa Szkoła Nauk Społecznych z siedzibą w Lublinie – [25]
• Wyższa Szkoła Przedsiębiorczości i Administracji – [26]
• Wyższa Szkoła Społeczno-Przyrodnicza w Lublinie – [27]

Sports

• Start Lublin - men's basketball team, 12th in Era Basket Liga in 2003–2004 season. Medical University of Lublin has its origins in the year 1944 in Lublin, Poland. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin (in Polish Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, or KUL) is located in Lublin Maria Curie-Skłodowska University (in Polish Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, commonly shortened to UMCS) was founded October 23, Start Lublin is a Polish Basketball team based in Lublin, playing in Era Basket Liga.
• SPR Safo iCom Lublin (formerly Bystrzyca Lublin) - women's handball team playing in Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League: 2nd place in 2003–2004 season: also a winner of Women's EHF Cup in season 2000/2001. Bystrzyca Lublin was a Polish women's handball team based in Lublin, playing in Polish Ekstraklasa Women's Handball League (Premiership League Handball is a popular Team sport in Poland. Polish Seria A Handball League Polish Seria B Handball League History 1939 - Znicz Łódź 1946 - Zryw Łódź 1947 - Zryw Łódź 1948 - SKS Warszawa
• Motor Lublin - professional football team competing in the Polish second division. Motor Lublin, ( pron ˈmɔtɔr ˈlublin are a Polish professional football team based in Lublin. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered
• Lublinianka - men's football team competing in the Polish league (fourth division as of 2006–07). Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered
• Budowlani Lublin - a local Rugby Union team competing in the Polish, and surrounding district league. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short
• TŻ Lublin speedway club competing in the Polish league (second division). Motorcycle speedway, usually referred to as speedway, is a Motorcycle sport involving four and sometimes up to six riders competing over four anti-clockwise

Notable residents

• Janusz Lewandowski (1951—) - MEP, former minister of privatization; born in Lublin
• Stanisław Kostka Potocki (1755–1821)
• Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin (1745–1815) - "The Seer of Lublin"
• Henryk Wieniawski (1835–1880) - great violin virtuoso; born in Lublin
• Jacek Bąk (polish footbaler, captain of Poland on World Cup 2006)
• Stanisław Serwaczyński (1791–1862), violinist, teacher of Henryk Wieniawski and Joseph Joachim. Lublin Old Town - constitutes one of the most precious Polish complexes of historic buildings Janusz Lewandowski ('januʃ lɛvan'dɔfskʲi born 13 June 1951 in Lublin) is a Polish Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. Life Potocki was a son of General and Starost of Lwów, Eustachy Potocki and Anna Kątska and was a brother of Ignacy Potocki. Year 1755 ( MDCCLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchak of Lublin, also Jacob Isaac of Lublin, or Y Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Henryk Wieniawski ( July 10, 1835 Lublin, Congress Poland, Russian Empire - March 31, 1880 Moscow) Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, late Latin virtuosus, Latin virtus meaning skill manliness excellence is an individual Jacek Bąk ( pron ˈjatsɛk ˈbɔnk born March 24 1973 in Lublin) is a Polish footballer who plays as a The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th instance of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Henryk Wieniawski ( July 10, 1835 Lublin, Congress Poland, Russian Empire - March 31, 1880 Moscow) Joseph Joachim (June 28 1831 &ndash August 15 1907 (ˈjoʊɑːxɪːm was a Hungarian Violinist, conductor, Composer and teacher
• Wincenty Pol (1807-1872) poet and geographer
• Katarzyna Dolinska (Of America's Next Top Model, came in 5th place)

Politics

Lublin constituency

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Lublin constituency:

• Zyta Gilowska, PIS
• Stanisław Głębocki, Samoobrona
• Arkadiusz Kasznia, SLD-UP
• Elżbieta Kruk, PiS
• Grzegorz Kurczuk, SLD-UP
• Robert Luśnia, LPR
• Andrzej Mańka, PiS
• Gabriela Masłowska, LPR
• Wiktor Osik, SLD-UP
• Zdzisław Podkański, PSL
• Tadeusz Polański, PSL
• Izabella Sierakowska, SLD-UP
• Zygmunt Jerzy Szymański, SLD-UP
• Leszek Świętochowski, PSL
• Marian Widz, Samoobrona
• Józef Żywiec, Samoobrona
• Janusz Palikot, PO

Twin cities

• Alcalá de Henares
• Debrecen
• Delmenhorst
• Erie, Lancaster
• Münster
• Nancy
• Nykøbing Falster
• Pernik
• Panevėžys
• Rishon Lezion
• Luhans'k
• Lutsk
• L'viv
• Starobielsk,
• Viseu
• Windsor

See also

• Lublin Department (Polish: Departament Lubelski): a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland's Duchy of Warsaw, 1806–1815
• Nasze Miasto Lublin local newspaper
• Teatr Muzyczny w Lublinie Musical Theatre in Lublin (opera,operetta,musical,balet) [28]
• Filharmonia Lubelska Lublin Philharmonic [29]
• [30]

References

External links

• Lublin Municipality official website (in Polish) (in English)
• Genealogy in Lublin and a lot more interesting information about the city than on the city's homepage
• A photo tour of Lublin
• Official website of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin (English version)
• Lublin Museum (in Polish)
• The Virtual Jewish History Tour: Lublin
• Website of the Jewish Community of Warsaw – Lublin Branch
• Lublin map via Encarta World Atlas
• Lublin in Old Postcards

Hotel Europa	Cracow Gate	Cracow Gate outside	Cracow Gate Entrance
Lublin Hyde Park, in the background exclusive shop Galeria Centrum.	Fountain in Lublin.	Jagiellonian Trades in Lublin, festival which remains medieval trades	Jagiellonian Trades in Lublin, on the Grodzka Street
Jagiellonian Trades at the Castle Piazza	Piazza which left after the knock down of the Old Temple	Puppet Theatre of Hans Christian Andersen in Lublin (old entrance gate)	The restored early 20th century Grand Hotel Lublinianka
Castle Piazza View, Street Lamps and Buildings	Krakow Gate from the inside

Hans Christian Andersen (ˈhanˀs ˈkʰʁæʂd̥jan ˈɑnɐsn̩ in Danish or simply H

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