Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Luas
Locale Dublin
Transit type Light rail
Began operation 2004
System length 15 miles / 25 km
No. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. of lines 2
No. of stations 36
Daily ridership 80,000 (approximate)
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8½ in) (standard gauge)
Operator(s) Veolia Transport

Luas /ɫ̪uəsˠ/ (Irish for 'speed'), also promoted in the development stage as the Dublin Light Rail System, is a light rail system serving Dublin. Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. Veolia Transportation (formerly Connex) is the international transport services division of the French -based multinational company Veolia Environnement Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. There are currently two Luas lines. The Green line commenced operations on 30 June 2004, while the Red Line opened on 26 September 2004. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " It is one of 450 light rail systems operating in cities around the world. As of 2008, the system has 36 stations and 15 miles (25 km) of track.

The Luas is operated by Veolia Transport, under tender from the RPA. Veolia Transportation (formerly Connex) is the international transport services division of the French -based multinational company Veolia Environnement It is a major part of the Dublin Transportation Office's strategy (2000-2016)[1]. The Dublin Transportation Office (DTO is a government agency formed in 1996 which provides Transport and Land use advice to organisations operating in There are currently two extensions to the existing lines under construction, while several more extensions as well as new lines are at the planning stage.

Contents

History

The idea for a light rail system for the city of Dublin was first suggested in 1994, by a Dublin Transportation Initiative (DTI) report. [2] Following this report Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), the state-owned public transport operator in Ireland, was asked to study the different options. Córas Iompair Éireann ( abbreviated CIÉ) is a statutory authority which is owned by the Irish Government. They recommended two phases for the construction of a light rail system:

The Transport Act, 1996 created a legal framework for CIÉ to build a light rail system. In May 1997 the company applied for a Light Railway Order to construct the first phase, as well as the Dundrum/Balally to Sandyford part of phase 2. An inquiry started in July 1997, but was put on hold to investigate the possibility of underground sections in the city centre. In May 1998 the government decided to build two lines, amending the plans. The first was to run from Tallaght to Connolly Station, while the second would run from Sandyford Industrial Estate to Dublin Airport, through the city centre and Ballymun. Part of the second was to be underground through the city centre. The responsibility for developing the Luas was transferred from CIÉ to the Railway Procurement Agency (RPA), a separate government agency created in 2001. Railway Procurement Agency ( An Ghníomhaireacht um Fháil Iarnród) is a State Agency of the Department of Transport in the Republic of Ireland charged [2]

Construction work began in March 2001 on the Tallaght to Connolly line, as well as the Sandyford to St. Stephen's Green section of the second line, with Alsaldo of Italy and MVM of Australia getting the contract to build the system[3]. The St. Stephen's Green to Dublin Airport section was dropped before construction began, as it was decided to serve the area by a metro instead. The Dublin Metro (Metro Baile Átha Cliath is a planned metro system for the city of Dublin. The contract to maintain operate the system was awarded to Veolia Transport Ireland (formerly known as Connex). Veolia Transportation (formerly Connex) is the international transport services division of the French -based multinational company Veolia Environnement [4].

The development of the Luas Red Line was facilitated by EU funding of €82. 5 million under the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF),[4] and part of the cost of some proposed line extensions (e. g. over 50% of Line B1 to Cherrywood) is being raised though levies on development in areas close to the projected route. [5]

Launch

Sign welcoming the Luas to South Dublin in 2004
Sign welcoming the Luas to South Dublin in 2004

The original launch date for the Luas was to be 2003, but delays in construction saw this date pushed back by a year. An advertising campaign took place to inform the public of the development of the system, while construction was taking place. Construction finished in February 2004 and a period of testing and driver training began. 30 June 2004 was decided on as the official launch date of the Green Line. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The first tram went into service for the general pubic at 3pm. Several days of free ridership and a family fun weekend took place to launch the system. The Red Line opened on 26 September 2004, with six days of free travel for the general public. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [2]

2004 to present

As of November 2006, over 50 million journeys have been made on the system. [6] Around 80,000 Luas trips are made each day (total 28. 4 million in 2007)[7]. To date, the busiest day on the Luas system was Friday December 21st 2007 when 145,000 passenger journeys were recorded. [7].

Luas operates without a State subvention. The service recorded a surplus of €985,000 (€680,000 in 2004) - an achievement well ahead of an anticipated deficit of €2. 5 million. [8].

Infrastructure

Stations and Lines

Current (May 2008) Luas network
Current (May 2008) Luas network

The network currently comprises two routes:

The Red Line runs in an east-west direction through Dublin's Northside, then crosses the Liffey and travels south-west to the town of Tallaght. Dublin Connolly, commonly called Connolly station ( Stáisiún Uí Chonghaile) (previously named Amiens Street Station) is one of the main railway Tallaght (pronounced /'tælæ/ Tamhlacht is the largest town and county seat, of South Dublin County, Ireland. St Stephen's Green ( is an inner-city Public park in Dublin, Ireland. The Northside ( Taobh Ó Thuaidh in Irish) is the area in County Dublin, Ireland bounded to the south by the River Liffey to the east The Liffey ( An Life in Irish) is a River in Ireland, which flows through the centre of Dublin. The Green Line is entirely in the south side of Dublin city. Apart from the city-centre section, where it runs down Harcourt Street to St. Stephen's Green, it follows the route of the old Harcourt Street railway line, which was reserved for possible re-use when it closed in 1958. The Harcourt Street railway line ( ran from Harcourt Street in Dublin through the southern suburbs to Bray. Events February 6 - Dublin 's Liam Whelan is among the dead when a plane carrying the Manchester United team crashes in Munich The Red Line and Green Line are not connected to each other, with a 15 minute walk between the two closest points. There are a total of 23 stops on the Red Line and 13 on the Green Line.

Track and Rolling Stock

The system operates on a 750 V DC overhead power supply. The volt (symbol V) is the SI derived unit of electric Potential difference or Electromotive force. Direct current ( DC) is the unidirectional flow of Electric charge. The international standard rail gauge of 1435mm (4ft 8½in) is used, rather than the Irish 1600mm (5 ft 3 in). The standard gauge (also named the Stephenson gauge after George Stephenson, or Normal gauge) is a widely-used Rail gauge. Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. [9]

Luas Red Line trams running on-street in Northside city centre
Luas Red Line trams running on-street in Northside city centre

The silver Citadis trams, manufactured in La Rochelle by Alstom, reach a top speed of 70 km/h on off-street sections, but travel at a slower speed on-street where conflicts with other vehicles or pedestrians can occur. The Northside ( Taobh Ó Thuaidh in Irish) is the area in County Dublin, Ireland bounded to the south by the River Liffey to the east The Citadis is a Low-floor Tram built by Alstom in La Rochelle, France, and Barcelona, Spain. La Rochelle is a city in western France, and a Seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean. The 26 initial Red Line trams were 30 m long Citadis 301 configurations with a capacity of 256. The 14 Green Line trams, each 40 m Citadis 401 configurations, have a capacity of 358 including two wheelchairs. [9] In 2007, seventeen Red line tramsets were upgraded to 40 m by inserting two more articulated sections, and the remaining nine tramsets are scheduled to be upgraded by June 2008. [7] Both configurations of tramcars are fully compatible with both the Red and the Green Lines.

In other aspects, the two lines are identical except that the interaxis width between the tracks on the Green Line is slightly wider than on the Red Line. Note that this does not relate to the track gauge of 1435 mm, which is identical on both lines. This will allow wider metro trains be run on the same tracks if a proposed upgrade to full metro service is implemented. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway This is possible because the route uses an old railway line and as such has few interactions with vehicular or pedestrian traffic. The Red Line was constructed largely on or beside public roads and is not suited to wider and faster metro trains. The Railway Procurement Agency has stated (November 2006) that "We still envisage conversion of almost all Luas lines to light metro standard in the long-term. " [5]

The main engineering structures on the Green Line at present are Milltown Viaduct, also known as The Nine Arches, a large stone viaduct dating from 1854, and the William Dargan Bridge, a large new cable-stayed suspension bridge at Taney Cross, near Dundrum town centre. William Dargan (1799-1867 an Engineer, often seen as the father of Irish railways came from County Laois, Ireland. A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water Dundrum ( Dún Droma in Irish, the ridge fort) originally a Town in its own right is now a suburban village and district in the county of

Travel on the Luas

Ticketing

Stigh Lorgan (Stillorgan) LUAS stop with the ticket machine and CCTV warning
Stigh Lorgan (Stillorgan) LUAS stop with the ticket machine and CCTV warning

Luas tickets are purple in colour and credit-card sized. They bear a magnetic stripe on the back although this is not used on Luas itself. A magnetic stripe card is a type of card capable of storing Data by modifying the Magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material Uniquely among Dublin's public transport, tickets are not checked upon boarding trams and an honour system, combined with random inspections, is used. An honor system or honesty system is a philosophical way of running a variety of endeavors based on trust, Honor, and Honesty.

Ticket machines operate at every Luas stop and these are the only source of single-journey and return tickets. They also sell 1-day, 7-day and 30-day tickets, valid in either some or all the fare zones, for adults, children and students. It is also possible to purchase tickets valid on Luas and Dublin Bus. There is also a ticket valid on Luas plus Irish Rail commuter and DART services as far as Balbriggan and Maynooth. This is only available from Irish Rail ticket offices, not machines. [Cost 8. 60 Euros as of May 2008] Certain ticket combinations are not possible (for example a one-day student ticket), and tickets can only be valid from the stop at which they are purchased and must commence their validity immediately. Certain tickets require the user to hold an ID card and write the number on the ticket, to prevent the ticket from being transferred to another person. Beginning from 21st of April 2008, ticket machines do not accept credit card payments for transactions exceeding €50, until Chip and pin technology is introduced. Chip and PIN is the name of a government-backed initiative in the United Kingdom to implement the EMV standard for secure payments

Luas tickets are sold at local shops, mostly in the vicinity of Luas stops. Certain tickets are slightly cheaper in shops than at ticket machines. Dublin Bus and Luas tickets can also be purchased from shops, although these must be used on a bus before they are valid for use on a Luas.

The red line is divided into four zones, and the green line into three zones. Fares are calculated based on how many zones a journey is taken through. There is a stop on the border of each zone, which is considered to be in whichever zone is more beneficial to the traveller. The central zone is common to both lines. The two lines do not connect, but it is possible to purchase tickets which are valid for a journey using both lines. It is necessary to walk or take other transport between the two lines, most commonly between St. Stephen's Green (on the green line) and Abbey Street (on the red line). Alternatives include buses (the number 92 links St. Stephen's Green to Heuston and the number 18 links Ranelagh to Kylemore, although these are not included on the ticket) and taxis.

Smartcard

In March 2005 the Luas smartcard was launched. A smart card, chip card, or Integrated circuit card ( ICC) is any pocket-sized card with embedded integrated This allows travellers to pay for travel on the Luas network. Credit is pre-loaded onto the smartcard at ticket machines by cash, debit card or credit card, with a minimum top-up of €5 and a maximum credit on the card of €100, and the customer must validate the card using readers on the platform before boarding the tram and then again after exiting the tram. This is referred to as 'tag-on' and 'tag-off'.

A smartcard can be purchased at a Luas ticket agent or online. [10] The card costs €10, which includes a €3 non-refundable charge for the card, €3 of credit and €4 for a fully refundable 'reserve fund' which allows travel even if there is insufficient credit on the card for the journey. However, the card must then be topped up before another journey can be taken.

Smartcard fares are slightly cheaper than standard single and return fares from ticket machines. For example, a journey within a single zone costs €1. 25 with the card, compared to €1. 50 (€1. 60 during peak time) single with a paper ticket, or €2. 80 return. However, daily, 7-day and 30-day tickets generally work out cheaper, unless used only rarely. Unlike London's Oyster card, Luas smartcards are unable to store multiple-journey tickets and these tickets are issued on paper only. The Oyster card is a form of electronic ticketing used on public transport services within the Greater London area of the United Kingdom.

The Smartcard project is part of the Railway Procurement Agency's integrated ticketing system, which, when completed, should allow travellers to use the one card to pay for travel on all public transport in Ireland.

Hours of operation and frequency

Trams operate from 5. 30am to 12. 30am Monday to Friday. On Saturday the Green Line begins operating at 6. 15am, while the Red Line begins at 6. 30am. Both lines close at 12. 30am on Saturday nights. On Sundays the Green Line runs from 6. 45am to 11. 30pm, while the Red Line runs from 7. 00am to 11. 30pm. Bank holidays are the same as Sundays, except trams run until 12. 30am. Services run at regular intervals, from every 4-5 minutes during peak times to every 15 minutes late at night.

Accessibility

Luas tram crossing the Liffey (a yellow stripe around the trams has since been added to improve visibility)
Luas tram crossing the Liffey (a yellow stripe around the trams has since been added to improve visibility)

The low floors and wide spaces of the Citadis trams mean that wheelchair users can easily board. Also all stations have been designed with ramps, to allow easy access. Several have lifts, such as Kilmacud on the Green Line, while Connolly Station has escalators which connect the Luas station to the main station building. The Luas website also has an accessibility newsletter.

Sign warning of Luas track ahead
Sign warning of Luas track ahead

Safety

Before the Luas was launched a Safety Awareness Day was held in Dublin City Centre. Also thousands of reflective armbands were distributed to pedestrians and cyclists, in order to ensure their visibilty for tram drivers. This policy seems to have worked as the Luas has been described as being "one of the safest transport systems in the world"[11]. Both trams and stops are monitored using CCTV 24 hours a day from the central control room is located in the Red Cow Depot[12]. The first fatality following an accident on the Luas was in February 2008, after a man was struck by a tram in Tallaght[13]. Apart from this there have been many occurances of cars striking trams, mainly caused by motorists breaking red lights[14].

Criticism

The cost of building the Red and Green Lines was €770m[15]. This was vastly over original predictions that the system would cost €254m.

The original plans for the Green Line intersect the Red Line at O'Connell Street. However this did not happen and two separate, unconnected lines were built. This means that there is a 15 minute walk between the two lines and has caused much criticism over the years. Plans to rectify this were announced with the building of the BX Line under Transport 21.

High park and ride charges have also attracted much criticism. The cost of parking for a full day is €4. It was described by Eoin Ryan TD as "unacceptable for Luas to charge passengers for parking at their Park and Ride facilities on top of ticket fares"[16]. Eoin Ryan may refer to Eoin Ryan Snr (1920&ndash2001 Irish Fianna Fáil politician senator 1957&ndash1987 His son Eoin Ryan Jnr

Future

There are currently plans for several new Luas lines, as well as extensions to the two existing lines. In the original plans, Line B was the original name for the Green Line, and the Red Line route comprised Line A from Tallaght to Abbey Street and Line C from Abbey Street to Connolly Station[1]. This terminology is still used for forward planning (e. g. on the Red Line route proposal A1 extends the original Line A and proposal C1 extends the original Line C)[4].

The Transport 21 plan[17] covering the period 2005-2015 announced by the Minister for Transport on 1 November 2005 provides funding for seven Luas projects. Transport 21 is an Irish Infrastructure plan announced on 1 November 2005 in Dublin Castle by the then Irish Minister for The Minister for Transport (Aire Iompair is the senior minister at the Department of Transport in the Government of Ireland. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Under construction

Green Line B1 extension under construction at Leopardstown, April 2008
Green Line B1 extension under construction at Leopardstown, April 2008

Planned under Transport 21

Other projects

In May 2008, the feasibility study for a possible Luas line E, to run from Dundrum to the City Centre via Rathfarnham, Terenure and Harold's Cross, was completed. Dundrum is the name of several places in Ireland: Dundrum Dublin, a suburb of Dublin city Rathfarnham ( Irish: Ráth Fearnáin, meaning Fearnán's Ringfort) is a suburb of Dublin's Southside. Terenure (Tír an Iúir 'Land of the Yew Trees' is a residential Suburb of Dublin, Ireland. Harold's Cross ( is an Urban village and inner Suburb on the southside of Dublin, Ireland. It has been submitted to the Minister for Transport and awaits confirmation.

With the success of the Luas system in Dublin, there is very strong support for bringing light rail to other Irish cities. During the 2007 election campaign Fianna Fáil and the Green Party both announced plans for light rail systems in Cork, Limerick, Galway and Waterford . Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party (Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach shortened to Fianna Fáil ( is currently the largest Political party in the Cork (Corcaigh is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland 's third most populous city after Dublin and Belfast Limerick (pronounced /ˈlɪmrɪk/ Luimneach in Irish) is a city and the county seat of County Limerick in the Province of Munster Galway (Gaillimh is the only city in the province of Connacht in Ireland. Waterford ( or Windy fjord;) is a city in Ireland. It is the primary city of the South East region and the fifth largest in the country The 2007 Programme for Government between these two parties and the Progressive Democrats included a section which ensured feasibility studies would be carried out on these projects within the first two years of the government[22]. The Progressive Democrats (An Páirtí Daonlathach lit The Democratic Party) commonly called The PDs, are a Free market liberal party in

Popular Culture

The Luas became the subject of a spoof rap song in 2007 entitled "The Luas Rap". The accompanying music video directed by Liam Geraghty as well as the raps creators Dr. Stu and Keith O'Neill became a hit on social networking site Bebo which led to clips of it being broadcast on RTÉ's The Podge and Rodge Show. The Podge and Rodge Show (also known as The Podge and Rodge Show with Lucy Kennedy) is an Irish chat show, broadcast and produced by

References

Luas trams at the Red Cow Depot
Luas trams at the Red Cow Depot
  1. ^ a b Dublin Transportation Office. A Platform for Change (Final Report) An integrated transportation strategy for the Greater Dublin Area 2000 to 2016 (pdf). Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V
  2. ^ a b c Luas background. Railway Procurement Agency. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  3. ^ [1] RTÉ News:O'Rourke awards £196m LUAS contract
  4. ^ a b c Luas home page. Railway Procurement Agency. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  5. ^ a b Dublin Plans For LRT Expansion. International Railway Journal (November 2006). Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  6. ^ RTÉ News. 50 million journeys made on Luas. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V
  7. ^ a b c Department of Transport (2008-03-05). The Department of Transport (An Roinn Iompair is a department of the Government of Ireland that is responsible for transport policy and overseeing transport services and 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Transport 21 Annual Report 2007 (pdf) pages 16-17. Transport 21 is an Irish Infrastructure plan announced on 1 November 2005 in Dublin Castle by the then Irish Minister for Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  8. ^ Railway Procurement Agency. 2005 Annual Report. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V
  9. ^ a b Dublin Luas Light Rail Network - Specifications. railway-technology. com. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  10. ^ Luas Smart Card.
  11. ^ Luas 'one world's safest transport systems'. Breakingnews. ie (03/06/2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire
  12. ^ Luas FAQs. RPA and Veolia. Retrieved on 2008-04-05. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop
  13. ^ http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0225/luas.html Investigations begin after Luas death
  14. ^ Luas safety record 'among best in EU'. Irish Independent. Retrieved on 2008-05-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and
  15. ^ http://www.emigrant.ie/article.asp?iCategoryID=177&iArticleID=32708 The Irish Emigrant - Issue No. 909
  16. ^ http://www.utvlive.com/newsroom/indepth.asp?id=46632&pt=n Row over Lucas plan for parking
  17. ^ FinFacts Ireland (1 November 2005). Government launches €34bn '21st century transport plan for 21st century Ireland'. Retrieved on 2006-12-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V
  18. ^ Inquiry backs extension of Luas Red Line - RPA website
  19. ^ http://www.rpa.ie/luas/about_luas/line_a1 RPA: About Luas Line A1
  20. ^ http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/breaking/2008/0305/breaking62.html Irish Times: Dempsey wavers on transport dates
  21. ^ http://www.rpa.ie/luas/about_luas/line_bx RPA: About Luas Line BX
  22. ^ http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/breaking/2007/0613/breaking49.html Irish Times: Details of Green-FF proposal emerge

See also

Luas stop at Ballaly
Luas stop at Ballaly

External links

Most of the transport system in Ireland is in public hands either side of the Irish border. This is a list of Irish companies or subsidiaries according to their sector A large number of companies operate public transport services in Dublin. Europe, particularly Germany, Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Czech Republic, France, Italy, Austria, The Harcourt Street railway line ( ran from Harcourt Street in Dublin through the southern suburbs to Bray. The Dublin Area Rapid Transit ( DART) is part of the suburban railway network in Ireland, running mainly along the coastline of Dublin Bay on Dublin United Transport Companypng|thumb|right|200px|The DUTC's logo used from 1941]]The Dublin United Transport Company (DUTC operated Trams and Buses in

Dictionary

Luas

-noun

  1. a light railway in Dublin, Ireland
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic