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L. E. S. redirects here. For the music producer, see L.E.S. (producer). Leshan David Lewis, better known as LES, is a hip hop producer commonly associated with Nas.
Mural at the intersection of Orchard and Houston Streets, by artist Marco
Mural at the intersection of Orchard and Houston Streets, by artist Marco

The Lower East Side is a neighborhood in the southeastern part of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Orchard Street is a street in Manhattan which covers the eight City blocks between Division Street in Chinatown and East Houston Street Houston Street redirects here For the Major League Baseball player with a similar name see Huston Street. A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised Community within a larger City, Town or The City of New York In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York It has traditionally been an immigrant, working class neighborhood, but it has undergone gentrification in recent years and is increasingly populated by young professionals and students. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class

In May, 2008 The National Trust for Historic Preservation listed the neighborhood on their list of America's Most Endangered Places. The National Trust for Historic Preservation is an American member-supported organization that was founded in 1949 by Congressional charter to support preservation Each year since 1987 the National Trust for Historic Preservation has released a list of places they consider the most endangered in America [1]

Contents

Boundaries

Current boundaries

While the exact western and southern boundaries of the neighborhood are open to debate, the Lower East Side today refers to the area of Manhattan south of East Houston Street and west of the East River. Houston Street redirects here For the Major League Baseball player with a similar name see Huston Street. The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end [2] [3]

The Lower East side is bordered in the south and west by Chinatown (which extends north to roughly Grand Street), in the west by NoLIta and in the north by East Village. ||-||-||-||}The Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan &mdash (紐約華埠 a borough of New York City &mdash is an Ethnic enclave with a large "Nolita" redirects here For the Italian fashion designer see No The East Village is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City.

Historical boundaries

The corner of Orchard and Rivington Streets, Lower East Side (2005)
The corner of Orchard and Rivington Streets, Lower East Side (2005)

Originally, "Lower East Side" referred to the area alongside the East River from about the Manhattan Bridge and Canal Street up to 14th Street, and roughly bounded on the west by Broadway. The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end The Manhattan Bridge is a Suspension bridge that crosses the East River in New York City, connecting Lower Manhattan (at Canal Street with Canal Street is a major street in New York City, crossing lower Manhattan to join New Jersey in the west (via the Holland Tunnel Broadway, as the name implies is a wide avenue in New York City. It included areas known today as East Village, Alphabet City, Chinatown, Bowery, Little Italy, and NoLIta. The East Village is a neighborhood in the borough of Manhattan in New York City. ||-||-||-||}The Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan &mdash (紐約華埠 a borough of New York City &mdash is an Ethnic enclave with a large Bowery (ˈbaʊɚi or /ˈbaʊri/ is the name of a street and a small neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Little Italy is a neighborhood in lower Manhattan, New York City, once known for its large population of Italians. "Nolita" redirects here For the Italian fashion designer see No

Although the term today refers to the area bounded to the north by East Houston Street, parts of East Village are still known as Loisaida, a Latino pronunciation of "Lower East Sider. Houston Street redirects here For the Major League Baseball player with a similar name see Huston Street. Puerto Rican men on 4th Street and Avenue CJPG|thumb|Loisaida has held on to its Puerto Rican culture in the face of rising rents and gentrification "

This point of land on the East River was also called Crown Point under British rule. It was an important landmark for navigators for 300 years. On older maps and documents it is usually spelled 'Corlaers' Hook, but since the early 19th Century the spelling has been anglicized to Corlears. It was named after Jacobus van Corlaer, who settled there prior to 1640. In the 19th century, Corlaer's Hook was notorious for streetwalkers, who were called hookers. The original location of Corlaers Hook is now obscured by shoreline landfill. It was near the east end of the present pedestrian bridge over the FDR Drive near Cherry Street. The Franklin D Roosevelt East River Drive (commonly referred to as the FDR Drive) is a Freeway -standard Parkway on the east side of the New York Cherry Street, in the New York City borough of Manhattan, was originally established in colonial times to run from the intersection of Pearl Street

The Lower East Side as an immigrant neighborhood

Famous Katz's Deli, symbol of the neighborhood's Jewish history, is dwarfed by the development occurring around the Lower East Side
Famous Katz's Deli, symbol of the neighborhood's Jewish history, is dwarfed by the development occurring around the Lower East Side

One of the oldest neighborhoods of the city, the Lower East Side has long been known as a lower-class worker neighborhood and often as a poor and diverse part of New York. Katz's Delicatessen, also known as simply Katz's Deli, is a Jewish Kosher style Delicatessen on the Lower East Side of New As well as Italians, Poles, Ukrainians, and other ethnic groups, it once had a sizeable German population and was known as Little Germany, Manhattan. Little Germany, known as Kleindeutschland in German, was a densely populated German neighborhood around Tompkins Square Park (which is bounded

The Lower East Side is perhaps best known as having once been a center of Jewish culture. In her 2000 book Lower East Side memories: A Jewish place in America, Hasia Diner explains that the Lower East Side is especially remembered as a place of Jewish beginnings in contemporary American Jewish culture. [4] Vestiges of the area's Jewish heritage exist in shops on Hester Street and Essex Street and on Grand Street near Pike. Essex Street is a north-south street on the Lower East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan. Grand Street is a street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City. There is still an Orthodox Jewish community with yeshiva day schools and a mikvah. Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n Mikvah (or mikveh) ( plural mikva'ot or mikves) is a ritual bath designed for the purpose of ritual immersion in Judaism. A few Judaica shops can be found along Essex Street such as the Nat Weisberg and Sons (Hebrew religious articles) at number 45 [1] and a few Jewish scribes and variety stores. Some kosher delis and bakeries as well as a few "kosher style" delis, including the famous Katz's Deli, are located in the neighborhood. Katz's Delicatessen, also known as simply Katz's Deli, is a Jewish Kosher style Delicatessen on the Lower East Side of New Downtown Second Avenue in the Lower East Side was the home to many Yiddish theatre productions during the early part of the 20th century, and Second Avenue came to be known as 'Yiddish Broadway', though most of the theaters are gone. Yiddish theatre consists of plays written and performed primarily by Jews in Yiddish, the language of the Eastern European Ashkenazi Jewish community More recently, it has been settled by immigrants, primarily from Latin America.

In what is now the East Village, the earlier population of Poles and Ukrainians has been largely supplanted with newer immigrants, and the arrival of large numbers of Japanese people over the last fifteen years or so has led to the proliferation of Japanese restaurants and specialty food markets. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. There is also a notable population of Bangladeshis and other immigrants from Muslim countries, many of whom are congregants of the small Madina Masjid (Mosque), located on First Avenue and 11th Street. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger First Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan, running from Houston Street northbound

The neighborhood also presents many historic synagogues, such as the Bialystoker Synagogue [2] Beth Hamedrash Hagadol, the Eldridge Street Synagogue [3], Kehila Kedosha Janina [4] (the only Greek synagogue in the Western Hemisphere), and various smaller synagogues along East Broadway. The Bialystoker Synagogue at 7-11 Willett Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, New York State is an Orthodox Beth Hamedrash Hagadol (also Beth Hamidrash Hagadol or Beth Hamedrash Hagodol or Beth Midrash Hagadol) is an Orthodox Synagogue located The Eldridge Street Synagogue, built in 1887 is National Historic Landmark Synagogue on Manhattan 's Lower East Side. Kehila Kedosha Janina is a Romaniote Synagogue situated in Chinatown, in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City In addition, there are a major Hare Krishna temple and Buddhist houses of worship. The Hare Krishna Mantra, also referred to reverentially as the Maha Mantra ("Great Mantra" is a sixteen-word Vaishnava mantra made well A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices

The Bowery remains the final location at 227-229 Bowery of the Christian Herald Association's noteworthy faith-based organization known as The Bowery Mission, historically serving the down-and-out since it was incorporated in New York State in April 20, 1895. Bowery (ˈbaʊɚi or /ˈbaʊri/ is the name of a street and a small neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. An extant memorial tablet in the mission chapel is dedicated to the presbyterian minister and founder of the mission, Albert Gleason Ruliffson. This tablets records Nov. 1879 as the founding of "this mission". This designation, however, did not apply to 227. At that time, the mission had been sited at 55- and still later 105-Bowery. The third Annual Report of The Bowery Mission written in 1883 by Ruliffson, states that on the night of November 6, 1880 the mission, then located at 36 Bowery, first opened its doors to the public. Ruliffson as first president of the mission retired due to a severe medical condition in 1895. A severe economic downturn during the 1890s strained the financial solvency of the mission. Rather than cease to function as a mission due to financial hardship, Dr. Louis Klopsch of Christian Herald Association was approached to save the mission. Klopsch agreed, assumed management as the second president and incorporated the mission under Christian Herald. The present building at 227 Bowery was dedicated in 1909. While 1879 is the year which appears on the website bowery. org, a review of period newspapers such as The New York Times and The New York Tribune suggest 1880 rather than 1879 as a possible founding year. Indeed, King's Handbook of New York, contemporaneous with Christian Herald management of the mission, gives 1880 as the year the mission was founded. Another notable landmark on the Bowery was CBGB, a nightclub that presented live music – including some of the most famous figures in rock 'n roll – from 1973 until it closed on October 15, 2006. CBGB ( Country, Blue Grass, and Blues) was a music club at 315 Bowery at Bleecker Street in the borough of Manhattan A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. A bit further north and east is McSorley's Old Ale House, a well known Irish bar that opened its doors in 1854. McSorley's is the oldest Irish tavern in New York City, located at 15 E Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world

The part of the neighborhood south of Delancey Street and west of Allen Street has in large measure become part of Chinatown, and Grand Street is one of the major business and shopping streets of Chinatown. Delancey Street is one of the main thoroughfares of Manhattan 's Lower East Side, running east from the Bowery to connect to the Williamsburg Bridge Allen Street is a street which runs north-south through the Lower Manhattan neighborhood of Chinatown, and the Lower East Side, and is continued ||-||-||-||}The Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan &mdash (紐約華埠 a borough of New York City &mdash is an Ethnic enclave with a large Grand Street is a street in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City. Also contained within the neighborhood are strips of lighting and restaurant supply shops on the Bowery. Lighting includes both artificial Light sources such as lamps and natural illumination of interiors from Daylight.

East Village split and gentrification

East Village was once the Lower East Side's northwest corner alongside Greenwich Village. Greenwich Village (ˌgrɛnɪtʃ ˈvɪlɪdʒ often simply called the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern Manhattan However, in the 1960s, the demographics of the area above Houston Street began to change, as hippies, musicians and artists moved in. The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Newcomers and real estate brokers popularized the East Village name, and the term was adopted by the popular media by the mid-60s. As East Village developed a culture separate from the rest of the Lower East Side, the two areas came to be seen as two separate neighborhoods rather than the former being part of the latter. [5][6]

In the early 2000s, the gentrification of the East Village spread to the Lower East Side, making it one of the trendiest neighborhoods in Manhattan. Orchard Street, despite its "Bargain District" moniker, is lined with upscale restaurants and boutiques. Orchard Street is a street in Manhattan which covers the eight City blocks between Division Street in Chinatown and East Houston Street Similarly, Clinton Street, has long been a destination for trendy dining establishments (including Clinton Street Baking Company, WD-50, Cube 63, Falai, and the now-closed 71 Clinton Fresh Foods).

In recent years, the gentrification that was previously confined to north of Delancey Street has continued south. Several restaurants, bars and galleries have opened below Delancey Street since 2005, especially around the intersection of Broome and Orchard Streets. This area is gradually becoming known as BelDel (Below Delancey), mainly by hipsters who feel that the LES has become too "Murray Hill" and want to differentiate themselves. In the late 1990s the 1940s slang term hipster began being used to describe young urban Middle class and Upper class adults with interests in non-mainstream fashion The neighborhood's second boutique hotel, Blue Moon Hotel opened on Orchard Street just south of Delancey Street in early 2006. However, unlike The Hotel on Rivington, the Blue Moon used an existing tenement building and its exterior is almost identical to neighboring buildings.

Tenement buildings on the Lower East Side.
Tenement buildings on the Lower East Side.

Nightlife and live music

As the neighborhood gentrified and has become safer at night, it has become a popular late night destination. Clinton Street and Ludlow Street between Rivington Street and Stanton Street become especially packed at night, and the resulting noise is a cause of tension between bar owners and longtime residents. Ludlow Street runs between Houston and Division Street on the Lower East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan, an important Stanton Street is a West-to-East running street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, in the neighborhood of the Lower East Side.

Also, the Lower East Side is home to many live music venues. Up and coming punk bands play at C-Squat. C Squat is a squat located at 155 Avenue C in the Lower East Side of Manhattan New York City, in an area called Loisaida. Up and coming alternative rock bands play at Bowery Ballroom on Delancey Street and Mercury Lounge on East Houston Street, while lesser known bands play at Tonic (closed 4/13/07) on Norfolk Street and Rothko (now closed) on Suffolk Street. Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of The Bowery Ballroom is a music venue in the Bowery section of New York City. Delancey Street is one of the main thoroughfares of Manhattan 's Lower East Side, running east from the Bowery to connect to the Williamsburg Bridge The Mercury Lounge is a music venue in the Lower East Side section of New York City. Rothko was a small Nightclub and live music venue in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City. There are also bars that offer performance space, such as Pianos and the Living Room on Ludlow Street and Arlene's Grocery On Stanton Street. Arlene's Grocery is a bar and venue in the Lower East Side Manhattan. Most of these hot spot venues require I. D. and you must be of at least 21 years of age to enter.

Noteworthy Lower East Siders

Jewish Lower East Side

See also

References

  1. ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap_travel/20080521/ap_tr_ge/travel_yesterday_s_places_endangered_places
  2. ^ "New York Nabes", The New York Times. The Bialystoker Synagogue at 7-11 Willett Street on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City, New York State is an Orthodox Beth Hamedrash Hagadol (also Beth Hamidrash Hagadol or Beth Hamedrash Hagodol or Beth Midrash Hagadol) is an Orthodox Synagogue located The Eldridge Street Synagogue, built in 1887 is National Historic Landmark Synagogue on Manhattan 's Lower East Side. Kehila Kedosha Janina is a Romaniote Synagogue situated in Chinatown, in the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City ABC No Rio is a Social center located at 156 Rivington street in New York City 's Lower East Side that was founded in 1980 Alphabet City is a neighborhood located within the East Village in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Bowery (ˈbaʊɚi or /ˈbaʊri/ is the name of a street and a small neighborhood in the southern portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan. A Chinatown is a section of an urban area with a large number of Chinese outside the majority-Chinese countries of Greater China. Cooperative Village is a community of Housing cooperatives on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, New York City. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class Grand Street Settlement is an historic social service institution on the Lower East Side in New York City and was founded in 1916 in response to the needs of waves Puerto Rican men on 4th Street and Avenue CJPG|thumb|Loisaida has held on to its Puerto Rican culture in the face of rising rents and gentrification In the late 1990s the 1940s slang term hipster began being used to describe young urban Middle class and Upper class adults with interests in non-mainstream fashion The East Side of Manhattan refers to the side of Manhattan Island which abuts the East River and faces Brooklyn and Queens. East Village is the name given to neighborhoods in a number of cities;Canada Downtown East Village Calgary, Alberta;United Kingdom Moshe Feinstein ( March 3, 1895 – March 23, 1986) was a Lithuanian Orthodox Rabbi, scholar and Posek "Nolita" redirects here For the Italian fashion designer see No Tompkins Square Park is a 105 acre (42000 m² public Park in the Alphabet City section of the East Village neighborhood in the borough of Retrieved on 2007-01-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks  
  3. ^ McEvers, Kelly. "Close-Up on the Lower East Side", Village Voice, 2005-03-02. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Retrieved on 2007-01-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks  
  4. ^ see also Remembering the Lower East Side. American Jewish reflections. Ed. by Hasia Diner, Jeffrey Shandler, and Beth Wenger (2000) or Jana Pohl: "'Only darkness in the Goldeneh Medina?' Die Lower East Side in der US-amerikanischen Kinder- und Jugendliteratur" In: Journal of religious and intellectual history 58. 3(2006)
  5. ^ Mele, Christopher; Kurt Reymers, Daniel Webb. Selling the Lower East Side - Geography Page. Selling the Lower East Side. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
  6. ^ Mele, Christopher; Kurt Reymers, Daniel Webb. The 1960s Counterculture and the Invention of the "East Village". Selling the Lower East Side. Retrieved on 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca
  7. ^ Wadler, Joyce. "Caleb Carr: Rebuilding the Past in Words and Wood", The New York Times Home & Garden section, May 12, 2005. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Accessed October 16, 2007. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Mr. Carr, who grew up on a tough block on the Lower East Side, would not be specific about the violence in his childhood home. "
  8. ^ Ogunnaike, Lola. "Go West, Young Mimi Marquez", The New York Times, November 6, 2005. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Accessed November 7, 2007. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Since being discovered while sitting on the stoop of her Lower East Side apartment a little more than a decade ago, Ms. Dawson has been in more than 20 films, from indies ("Kids") to blockbusters ("Men in Black II"). "
  9. ^ Berger, Phil. " Rocky Graziano, Ex-Ring Champion, Dead at 71", The New York Times, May 23, 1990. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Accessed October 10, 2007. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Born Thomas Rocco Barbella, Mr. Graziano grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, the son of a former boxer nicknamed Fighting Nick Bob. "
  10. ^ Watrous, peter. " RECORDINGS VIEW; Look Out, New Jack, the Love Man's Back", The New York Times, May 5, 1991. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Accessed October 16, 2007. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "Mr. Vandross, who grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan, didn't come out of the gospel tradition, but on "Power of Love," the gospel church is in evidence in both his graceful melismatic singing and the vocal arrangements that cloak and surround and threaten to overwhelm him. "

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