| Louis II the German or Lewis the German |
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| King of Eastern Francia | |
 Seal with Louis' inscription and effigy. |
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| Reign | King of Bavaria: 817-843; King of Eastern Francia: 843–876 |
|---|---|
| Born | 806 |
| Died | 28 August 876 |
| Predecessor | Louis the Pious |
| Successor | Carloman of Bavaria, Louis the Younger, Charles the Fat |
| Consort | Emma of Altdorf |
| Issue | Carloman of Bavaria, Louis the Younger, Charles the Fat |
| Royal House | Carolingian |
| Father | Louis the Pious |
| Mother | Ermengarde of Hesbaye |
Louis (also Ludwig or Lewis) the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian) (806 – August 28, 876), was a grandson of Charlemagne and the third son of the succeeding Holy Roman Emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye. Events By Place Europe Louis the Pious divides his empire among his sons Louis the German becomes king of East Francia Events By Place Europe The Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Events By Place Europe The Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Events Births Deaths Louis the German, King of East Francia Map-bms876 Simple876 Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Events Births Deaths Louis the German, King of East Francia Map-bms876 Simple876 Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Louis the Younger (835 &ndash 20 January 882) sometimes Louis III, was the second eldest of the three sons of Louis the German and Charles the Fat (Carolus Pinguis 13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876 King of Italy from Emma of Altdorf, also known as Hemma (808&ndash 31 January 876) was the wife of Louis the German, and Queen consort of Eastern Louis the Younger (835 &ndash 20 January 882) sometimes Louis III, was the second eldest of the three sons of Louis the German and Charles the Fat (Carolus Pinguis 13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876 King of Italy from The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Ermengarde of Hesbaye, or Irmengarde (c 778 &ndash October 3 818) was Queen of the Franks and Holy Roman Empress as the wife of Emperor Louis I. Events By Place Asia Emperor Heizei succeeds Emperor Kammu as Emperor of Japan. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Events Births Deaths Louis the German, King of East Francia Map-bms876 Simple876 Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Ermengarde of Hesbaye, or Irmengarde (c 778 &ndash October 3 818) was Queen of the Franks and Holy Roman Empress as the wife of Emperor Louis I.
Louis II was made the King of Bavaria from 817 following the Emperor Charlemange's practice of bestowing a local kingdom on a family member who then served as one of his lieutenants and the local governor. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Events By Place Europe Louis the Pious divides his empire among his sons Louis the German becomes king of East Francia When his father, Louis I (called the pious), partitioned the empire towards the end of his reign in 843, he was made King of East Francia, a region which spanned the Elbe drainage basin from Jutland southeasterly through the Thuringerwald into modern Bavaria) from the Treaty of Verdun in 843 until his death. East ( ern) Francia ( Regnum Francorum orientalium) known variously as Francia Orientalis or the Kingdom of the East Franks, was the The Elbe ( die Elbe Low German: de Ilv) is one of the major Rivers of Central Europe. This article is about the region of Denmark. For the World War I naval battle see Battle of Jutland. The Thuringian Forest ( Thüringer Wald in German) running northwest to southeast forms a continuous stretch of ancient rounded mountains posing ample difficulties In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne 's grandsons divided his territories the Carolingian Events By Place Europe The Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the 3 sons of Louis the
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Divisio imperii and filial rebellion
His early years were partly spent at the court of his grandfather, Charlemagne, whose special affection he is said to have won. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his When the emperor Louis divided his dominions between his sons in 817, Louis received Bavaria and the neighbouring lands, but did not undertake the governing of such until 825, when he became involved in wars with the Wends and Sorbs on his eastern frontier. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Events By Place Europe Egbert of Wessex defeats Beornwulf of Mercia at Ellandun. Sorbs (Serbja Serby also known as Wends, Lusatian Sorbs or Lusatian Serbs, are a Slavic people settled in Lusatia In 827, he married Emma of Altdorf, sister of his stepmother Judith of Bavaria, and daughter of Welf, whose possessions ranged from Alsace to Bavaria. Events By Place Europe Arabs invade Sicily. Agnellus Iustinianus Particiacus appointed Roman consul and Emma of Altdorf, also known as Hemma (808&ndash 31 January 876) was the wife of Louis the German, and Queen consort of Eastern Queen Judith or Iudit ( 805 - April 19 or 23 843 also known as Judith of Bavaria, was the daughter of Count Welf and a Saxon Welf or Hwelf also known as Welf I was the son of the 9th century Frankish Count Rothard of Metz Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern Louis soon began to interfere in the quarrels arising from Judith's efforts to secure a kingdom for her own son Charles (later known as Charles the Bald) and the consequent struggles of his brothers with their father. Charles the Bald ( 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) Holy Roman Emperor (875–877 as Charles II) and King of West Francia
His involvement in the first civil war of his father's reign was limited, but in the second, his elder brothers, Lothair, then King of Italy, and Pepin, King of Aquitaine, induced him to invade Alamannia — which their father had given to their half-brother Charles — by promising to give him the land in the new partition they would make. Pepin I (797 &ndash December 13, 838) was King of Aquitaine. He was the second son of Emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife The Duke of Aquitaine ( French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the Alamannia or Alemannia was the territory inhabited by the Alamanni after they broke through the Roman limes in 213 In 832, he led an army of Slavs into Alamannia and completely subjugated it. Events By Place Europe Pepin of Aquitaine and Louis the German revolt against Louis the Pious, Emperor of the Franks Louis the Pious disinherited him, but to no effect; the emperor was captured by his own rebellious sons and deposed. Upon his swift reinstatement, however, the Emperor Louis made peace with his son Louis and restored Bavaria (never actually lost) to him (836). Events By Place Asia Abbasid caliph Al-Mutasim establishes a new capital at Samarra, Iraq.
In the third civil war (began 839) of his father's ruinous final decade, Louis was the instigator. Events By Place Europe Louis the Pious attempts to divide his empire among his sons A strip of his land having been given to the young Charles, Louis invaded Alamannia again. His father was not so sluggish in responding to him this time and soon the younger Louis was forced into the far southeastern corner of his realm, the March of Pannonia. The March of Pannonia was a frontier march of the Carolingian Empire erected in the mid-ninth century against the threat of Great Moravia and lasting only Peace had been made by force of arms.
Bruderkrieg, 840–843
When the elder Louis died in 840 and Lothair claimed the whole Empire, Louis allied with the half-brother, Charles the Bald, and defeated Lothair and their nephew Pepin II of Aquitaine, son of Pepin, at the Battle of Fontenay in June 841. Events By Place Europe After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Lothar, Charles the Bald and Louis the German Pepin II, called the Younger (823 &ndash after 864 in Senlis) was King of Aquitaine from 838 as the successor upon the death of his father Pepin Contention over the division of the Carolingian Empire between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious culminated in the decisive Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye Events By Place Europe June 25 - Battle of Fontenay: Louis the German and Charles the Bald defeat In June 842, the three brothers met on an island in the Saône to negotiate a peace, and each appointed forty representatives to arrange the boundaries of their respective kingdoms. Events By Place Europe February 14 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German sign a treaty The Saône (son ( Sona in Arpitan) is a River of eastern France. This developed into the Treaty of Verdun, concluded in August 843, by which Louis received the bulk of the lands lying east of the Rhine (Eastern Francia), together with a district around Speyer, Worms, and Mainz, on the left bank of the river. In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne 's grandsons divided his territories the Carolingian Events By Place Europe The Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the 3 sons of Louis the The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge East ( ern) Francia ( Regnum Francorum orientalium) known variously as Francia Orientalis or the Kingdom of the East Franks, was the Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. His territories included Bavaria (where he made Regensburg the centre of his government), Thuringia, Franconia, and Saxony. Regensburg ( also Ratisbon, Ratisbona Řezno originally Castra Regina) is a City (population 131000 in 2007 in Bavaria, Germany The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. He may truly be called the founder of the German kingdom, though his attempts to maintain the unity of the Empire proved futile. Having in 842 crushed the Stellinga rising in Saxony, he compelled the Obotrites to own his authority, and undertook campaigns against the Bohemians, Moravians, and other tribes, but was not very successful in freeing his shores from the ravages of the Vikings. The Stellinga ("companions comrades" was a movement of frilingi and lazzi, the lower two of the three Saxon The Obotrites (Abodriten also commonly known as the Obodrites, Abotrites, or Abodrites, were a confederation of medieval West Slavic tribes Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Great Moravia (see Name section was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas
Conflict with Charles the Bald
In 852, he had sent his son Louis the Younger to Aquitaine, where the nobles had grown resentful of Charles the Bald's rule. Events By Place Europe Saint Swithun becomes Bishop of Winchester England Louis the Younger (835 &ndash 20 January 882) sometimes Louis III, was the second eldest of the three sons of Louis the German and The younger Louis did not set out until 854, but he returned the following year. Events By Place Europe Charles the Bald, Louis the German and Lothar meet at Attigny. In 853 and the following years, Louis made more than one attempt to secure the throne of Western Francia, which, according to the Annals of Fulda (Annales Fuldenses), the people of that country offered him in their disgust with the cruel misrule of Charles the Bald. Events By Place Byzantine Empire A Byzantine fleet destroys Damietta, Egypt. West Francia or the West Frankish Kingdom was a short-lived kingdom encompassing the lands of the western part of the Carolingian Empire that came under the undisputed Fulda (ˈfʊlda is a city in Hesse, Germany; it is located on the Fulda River and is the administrative seat of the Fulda district ( Kreis The Annales Fuldenses or Annals of Fulda are East Frankish chronicles that cover the period from the last years of Louis the Pious (died 840 Encouraged by his nephews Pepin II and Charles, King of Provence, Louis invaded in 858; Charles the Bald could not even raise an army to resist the invasion and fled to Burgundy; in that year, Louis issued a charter dated "the first year of the reign in West Francia. Charles of Provence (845 &ndash 24 January 863) was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863 The following is a list of the Kings of Burgundy. Kings of the Burgundians The Burgundians had left Bornholm c This article is about the year 858 AD. For the terrorist attack on Korean air see Korean_Air_Flight_858. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) " Treachery and desertion in his army, and the loyalty to Charles of the Aquitanian bishops brought about the failure of the enterprise, which Louis renounced by a treaty signed at Coblenz on June 7, 860. Koblenz (also Coblenz in pre-1926 German Spellings French Coblence) is a city situated on both banks of the Rhine Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins This article is about the year 860 For the area code see Area code 860.
In 855, the emperor Lothair died, and Louis and Charles for a time seem to have cooperated in plans to divide Lothair's possessions among themselves — the only impediments to this being Lothair's sons: Lothair II (who received Lotharingia), Louis II (who held the imperial title and the Iron Crown), and the aforementioned Charles. Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor Lothair II ( 835 - August 8, 869) was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. --> Lotharingia or Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death The Iron Crown of Lombardy ( Corona Ferrea) is both a reliquary and one of the most ancient royal insignia of Europe In 868, at Metz they agreed definitely to a partition of Lotharingia; but when Lothair II died in 869, Louis the German was lying seriously ill, and his armies were engaged with the Moravians. Events By Place Asia 11 May — The Diamond Sutra, the oldest dated book is printed Metz (mɛs in French) is a city in the northeast of France, capital of the Lorraine région and Préfecture --> Lotharingia or Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in Events By Place Asia The Zanj (Black slaves from East Africa) provoked by mercilessly harsh labor conditions in the salt flats Charles the Bald accordingly seized the whole kingdom; but Louis the German, having recovered, compelled him by a threat of war to agree to the Treaty of Meerssen, which divided it between the claimants. The Treaty of Meerssen or Mersen in 870 was an agreement of the division of the Carolingian Empire by the surviving sons of Louis I, Charles
Divisio regni and his sons
The later years of Louis the German were troubled by risings on the part of his sons, the eldest of whom, Carloman, revolted in 861 and again two years later; an example that was followed by the second son Louis, who in a further rising was joined by his brother Charles. Events By Place Europe Carloman revolts against his father Louis the German. Charles the Fat (Carolus Pinguis 13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876 King of Italy from In 864, Louis was forced to grant Carloman the kingdom of Bavaria, which he himself had once held under his father. Events By Place Europe July 25 - Edict of Pistres: Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings The next year (865), he divided the remainder of his lands: Saxony he gave to Louis the Younger (with Franconia and Thuringia) and Swabia (with Raetia) to Charles, called the Fat. Events By Place Europe Ethelred succeeds as king of Wessex (or 866) The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic Raetia (so always in inscriptions classical manuscripts usually use the form Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country A report that the emperor Louis II was dead led to peace between father and sons and attempts by Louis the German to gain the imperial crown for Carloman. These efforts were thwarted by Louis II, who was not in fact dead, and Louis' old adversary, Charles the Bald.
Louis was preparing for war when he died on August 28, 876 at Frankfurt. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Events Births Deaths Louis the German, King of East Francia Map-bms876 Simple876 He was buried at the abbey of Lorsch, leaving three sons and three daughters. An abbey (from Latin abbatia derived from Syriac abba "father" is a Christian Monastery or Lorsch is a town in the Bergstraße district in Hesse, Germany, 60 km south of Frankfurt. His sons, unusually for the times, respected the division made a decade earlier and each contented himself with his own kingdom. Louis is considered by many to be the most competent of the grandsons of Charlemagne. He obtained for his kingdom a certain degree of security in face of the attacks of Norsemen, Magyars, Slavs, and others. Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. He lived in close alliance with the Church, to which he was very generous, and entered eagerly into schemes for the conversion of his heathen neighbours. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world
Marriage and children
He was married to Hemma (died 31 January 876). Emma of Altdorf, also known as Hemma (808&ndash 31 January 876) was the wife of Louis the German, and Queen consort of Eastern Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Events Births Deaths Louis the German, King of East Francia Map-bms876 Simple876 They had seven children:
- Hildegard (828-856)
- Carloman (829-880)
- Irmgard of Chiemsee also known as Ermengard (died 866)
- Louis, having established two of his other daughters as abbesses of convents, appointed Irmgard (also known as Ermengard) to govern first the monastery of Buchau and then the royal abbey of Chiemsee in Bavaria. Events By Place Europe Egbert of Wessex becomes the first King of England. Events By Place Asia The Year of the Fire Rat (Chinese Zodiac begins in January Events By Place Europe Egbert of Wessex conquers Mercia and is recognized as Bretwalda. See Interstate 880 for the American Freeway Events By Place Europe Oldest known mention of the city of Irmgard (or Ermengard) of Chiemsee (c 830/833 Regensburg &ndash 16 July 866, Frauenchiemsee) was a daughter Louis the German Events By Place Asia Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent of Japan, starting the Fujiwara regentship Buchau Abbey or the Imperial Abbey of Buchau (Reichsstift Buchau was a nunnery and later collegiate foundation in the present town of Bad Buchau in Baden-Württemberg The island Frauenchiemsee (often called Fraueninsel) is the second largest of the three island in Chiemsee, Germany. She is commemorated as a saint on 16 July. [1]
- Gisela
- Louis the Younger (830-882)
- Bertha (died 877)
- Charles the Fat (839-888)
References
- ^ Jones, G. Louis the Younger (835 &ndash 20 January 882) sometimes Louis III, was the second eldest of the three sons of Louis the German and Events By Place Europe Earliest date of composition for the Historia Brittonum, attributed to Nennius, and known for Events By Place Europe Carloman King of the West Franks, becomes sole king upon the death of his brother Events By Place Asia Indravarman II succeeds Jayavarman III as ruler of the Khmer Empire. Charles the Fat (Carolus Pinguis 13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876 King of Italy from Events By Place Europe Louis the Pious attempts to divide his empire among his sons This article is about the year AD 888 For other uses see 888 (disambiguation. R. ; Carolyn Muessig (2005). Saints at a glance. University of Leicester. Retrieved on 2007-11-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published
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Louis II of Eastern Francia
Born: 804 Died: 28 August 876 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
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| Preceded by Louis I as King and Emperor of the Franks |
King of Bavaria 817–843 |
Succeeded by Carloman as King of Bavaria |
| King of East Francia 843–876 |
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| Succeeded by Louis III as King of Saxony |
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| Succeeded by Charles II as King of Swabia |
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