Louis the Blind (c. 880 – 28 June 928) was the king of Provence from 887, king of Italy from 900, and briefly Holy Roman Emperor, as Louis III, between 901 and 905. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. This article is about the year For the car see Porsche 928 Events By Place Asia Dao Kang Di succeeds Gong Hui Di and is followed The land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states He was the son of Boso, the usurper king of Provence, and Ermengard, a daughter of the Emperor Louis II. Boso was a Frankish nobleman from the Bosonid -family who was related to the Carolingian dynasty, who rose to become King of Provence (879 &ndash Ermengard (also Ermengarda, Ermengarde, or Irmingard) was the only surviving daughter of Louis II Holy Roman Emperor. Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death Through his father, he was a Bosonid, but through his mother, a Carolingian. The Bosonids were a Dynasty of Franks that have been named in modern times by their descent from Boso the Elder. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the
He succeeded his father upon his death in January 887, though at that time, the kingdom of Provence was restricted to the environs of Vienne. This article is about the French department Do not confuse with the Austrian capital Vienna. The Provençal barons elected Ermengard to act as his regent, with the support of Louis's uncle, Richard the Justiciar, Duke of Burgundy. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Richard the Justiciar (died 921 was Count of Autun from 880 and the first Margrave and Duke of Burgundy. Duke of Burgundy was a title borne by the rulers of the Duchy of Burgundy, a small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which In May, Ermengard travelled with Louis to the court of her relative, the emperor Charles the Fat, and received his recognition of the young Louis as king. Charles the Fat (Carolus Pinguis 13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876 King of Italy from Charles adopted Louis as his son and put both mother and son under his protection. In May 889, she travelled to Charles' successor, Arnulf, to make submission anew. Arnulf of Carinthia (Arnulf von Kärnten Arnulf Koroški 850 &ndash December 8 899) was the Carolingian King of East Francia from 887 The short work Visio Karoli Grossi may have been written shortly after Charles' death to support Louis's claim. The Visio Karoli Crassi or Visio Karoli Grossi (meaning "Vision of Charles the Fat" also called the Visio Karoli ( If so, Louis must have had the support of Fulk the Venerable, Archbishop of Reims. On the other hand, the Visio may have been written later, circa 901, to celebrate (and support) Louis's imperial coronation.
In 890, at Valence, a council of prelates and feudatories of the realm, elected Louis as King of Arles, Provence, and Cisjurane Burgundy. Valence ( Occitan Valença) is a commune in southeastern France, the capital of the department of Drôme, situated Arles (aʁl̥ Provençal Occitan: Arles in both classical and Mistralian norms is a City in the south of France, Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) In 894, Louis himself did homage to Arnulf.
In 896, Louis waged war on the Saracens. Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. Throughout his reign, he had to deal with the depredations of these Moslem invaders, who had landed and established a base at Fraxinet in 889. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Fraxinet or Fraxinetum ( Arabic: Farakhshanit or Farachsa) was the site of a tenth-century fortress established by Saracen Pirates
In 900, Louis, as the grandson and heir of the Emperor Louis II, was invited into Italy by various lords, including Adalbert II of Tuscany, who were suffering under the ravages of the Magyars and the incompetent rule of Berengar I. Adalbert II (c 875&ndash915 called the Rich, son and successor of Adalbert I of Tuscany, and grandson of Boniface II, was much concerned in the troubles Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. Louis thus marched his army across the Alps and defeated Berengar, chasing him from Pavia, the old Lombard capital, where, in the church of San Michele, he was crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy on 12 October. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from The Basilica of San Michele Maggiore is a church of Pavia one of the most striking example of Lombard- Romanesque style The Iron Crown of Lombardy ( Corona Ferrea) is both a reliquary and one of the most ancient royal insignia of Europe Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. He travelled onwards to Rome, where, in 901, he was crowned Emperor by Pope Benedict IV. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Benedict IV (died July 903 was Pope from 900 to 903 He was the son of Mammalus a native of Rome. The next year (902), however, Berengar defeated Louis's armies and forced him to flee to Provence and promise never to return.
In 905, Louis launched another attempt to invade Italy. He was again defeated by Berengar, with the aid of Bavarian troops, captured, and imprisoned in Verona, where, on 21 July 905, he had his eyes put out (for breaking his oath) and was forced to relinquish his royal Italian and imperial crowns. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World This article is about the year AD 905 For other uses of the term see 905 (disambiguation. Later, Berengar became Emperor. After this last attempt to restore Carolingian power over Italy, Louis continued to rule Provence for many more years, though Hugh, Count of Arles, was the dominant figure in the territory. Hugh of Arles or Hugh of Provence (before 887 &ndash 10 April 948) was King of Italy from 924 until his death This is a list of the counts of Arles. Garin, or Warin (until 853) also Guerin in French, Garí in
Louis returned to Vienne, his capital, and by 911, he had put most of the royal powers in the hands of Hugh. Hugh was made Margrave of Provence and moved the capital to Arles. Arles (aʁl̥ Provençal Occitan: Arles in both classical and Mistralian norms is a City in the south of France, As regent, Hugh married Louis's sister Willa. Louis lived out his days until his death in obscurity.
Marriages and heirs
In his first marriage, dated to 905, Louis fathered a son called Charles-Constantine, who would become Count of Vienne. Charles-Constantine (d 962 was the Count of Vienne, son of Louis the Blind, king of Provence and Holy Roman Emperor. The Count of Vienne was the ruler of the Viennois, with his seat at Vienne, during the period of the Carolingian Empire and after until 1030 when the county Louis' first wife is not named in any sources but she is traditionally identified with Anna, daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI and his second wife Zoe Zaoutzaina. This article is about the Byzantine Emperor There is also an article on Pope Leo VI Leo VI "the Wise" or "the Philosopher" Zoe Zaoutzaina (died May 899 was the second wife of Leo VI the Wise. However, this identification is often disputed as it is based entirely on onomastics, supposing that Charles-Constantine's name suggest a Byzantine mother. Onomastics or onomatology is the study of proper Names of all kinds and the origins of names
In 914, Louis entered a second marriage, marrying Adelaide, daughter of Rudolph I of Upper Burgundy. Rudolph I, born 859 died October 25, 912, King of (Upper or Transjurane Burgundy from his election in 888 until his death
Sources
- Previté Orton, C. W. "Italy and Provence, 900-950." The English Historical Review, Vol. 32, No. 127. (Jul. , 1917), pp 335-347.
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Emperor Louis III the Blind
Died: 28 June 928 |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Boso |
King of Provence 890 – 928 |
Succeeded by Hugh |
| Preceded by Berengar I |
King of Italy 900 – 905 |
Succeeded by Berengar I |
| Preceded by Arnulf |
(Holy) Roman Emperor 901 – 905 |
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