Louis Vuitton Malletier
Type	Division of holding company (LVMH)
Founded	1854
Founder	Louis Vuitton
Headquarters	Paris, France
Key people	Louis Vuitton, Founder Bernard Arnault, President Marc Jacobs, Art Director Antoine Arnault, Director of Communications
Industry	Retail
Products	Luxury goods
Parent	Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton, SA (LVMH)
Website	http://www.louisvuitton.com

Louis Vuitton Malletier, or sometimes shortened to LV, is a French luxury fashion and leather goods brand and company, one of the main divisions of LVMH headquartered in Paris, France. LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Bernard Arnault (born 5 March 1949 in Roubaix) is a French businessman Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963 in New York City) is an American Fashion designer He is the head designer for Marc Jacobs For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need In Economics, a luxury good is a good for which Demand increases more than proportionally as income rises in contrast to a "necessity good" A holding company is a company that owns part all or a majority of other companies' outstanding Stock. LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In Economics, a luxury good is a good for which Demand increases more than proportionally as income rises in contrast to a "necessity good" A brand is a collection of Images and ideas representing an economic producer more specifically it refers to the descriptive verbal attributes and concrete symbols such as a LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Known especially for bags and trunks, the company collaborates with prominent figures for marketing and design (most notably supermodel Gisele Bündchen and fashion designer Marc Jacobs). A bag (also known as a Sack) is a non- rigid or semi-rigid container made of Paper, Cloth, Plastic, Leather, Gisele Caroline Bündchen (born July 20 1980 is a Brazilian model. Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963 in New York City) is an American Fashion designer He is the head designer for Marc Jacobs Internationally renowned and highly regarded for name recognition in the fashion world, as a result LV has become one of the most counterfeited contemporary luxury brands. Name recognition is a concept used in Politics to describe number of people who are aware of a Politician. Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time In Economics, a luxury good is a good for which Demand increases more than proportionally as income rises in contrast to a "necessity good"

LV is also one of the oldest fashion houses in the world, having started in 1854. It sells its products strictly through its own retail stores and online (as an effort against counterfeit). It primarily competes with Versace, Gucci, Chanel, Prada and similar luxury fashion brands. Gianni Versace SpA (ˈdʒɑnːi verˈsatʃe usually referred to as Versace, is an Italian clothier founded by Gianni Versace in 1978 The House of Gucci, better known simply as Gucci, is an Italian iconic fashion and Leather goods label Chanel SA ʃəˈnɛɫ) is a Parisian fashion house created by Coco Chanel. Prada SpA is an Italian high-fashion company (also referred to as fashion House or Label) specializing in Luxury goods for men and women

Contents 1 History 1.1 Biography of Louis Vuitton 1.2 1854 through 1892 1.3 1893 through 1936 1.4 1936 through 2000 1.5 2001 to present day 2 Louis Vuitton today 2.1 Advertising campaigns 2.2 Merchandise 2.3 Counterfeiting 3 Controversy and disputes 3.1 Collaboration with Nazi Germany 3.2 Louis Vuitton vs. Britney Spears video 3.3 Louis Vuitton vs. Darfur Charity 4 References 5 External links

History

In the late 19th century, Louis Vuitton was a renowned trunks and luggage retailer. Entering into the 20th century, the company expanded in terms of locations and financial success. Beginning in the middle of the century, it entered the fashion world, integrating its signature Monogram Canvas into purses and bags. Its merger to create LVMH became a milestone step, and from then on, LV came to acquire its luxury fashion image known today. LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury

Prominent figures to have exclusively ordered Louis Vuitton luggage in history include Congo explorer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, who ordered a combined trunk and bed from the company, and American conductor Leopold Stokowski (for his travels), whose traveling secrétaire was designed by Gaston-Louis Vuitton. Pietro Paolo Savorgnan di Brazzà, best known as Pierre Paul François Camille Savorgnan de Brazza ( January 26, 1852 - September 14, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Leopold Stokowski (born Leopold Anthony Stokowski though on occasion ^[1]

Biography of Louis Vuitton

Louis Vuitton (born, August 4, 1821; died, February 27, 1892),^[2] future founder of his eponymous company, was born in Jura, France (now part of the commune of Lavans-sur-Valouse). Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Jura is a department in the east of France named after the Jura mountains (not to be confused with the Swiss canton of Jura This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Lavans-sur-Valouse is a commune of the Jura département, in France. In 1835, he moved to Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The trip from his hometown to Paris was over 400 kilometers (249 mi), and he traveled the distance by foot. On his way there, he picked up a series of odd jobs to pay for his journey. There, he became an apprentice Layetier to prominent households. ^[1] Because of his well established reputation in his field, Napoleon III of France appointed Vuitton as Layetier to his wife, Empress Eugénie de Montijo. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Eugenie redirects here For other people called Eugenie see Eugenie (disambiguation Empress The last Empress of the French was born Through his experience with the french aristocracy, he developed expert knowledge of what made a good travelling case. It is now that he begins to design his own luggage, setting the foundations for LV Co. ^[1]

1854 through 1892

Louis Vuitton: Malletier a paris was founded by Monsieur Vuitton in 1854 on Rue Neuve des Capucines in Paris. A Malletier is in French, literally a Trunk-Maker or manufacturer of Luggage and Suitcases. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ^[2] Before his quality trunks, French philosopher, Denis Diderot & Jean Le Rond d'Alembert makes mention of a Malletier and his techniques about 140 years earlier. ^[3] In 1858, Monsieur Vuitton introduced his flat-bottom trunks with trianon canvas (they were lightweight and airtight). ^[2] Previously to the introduction of Vuitton's trunks, rounded-top designed trunks were used, generally for water to run off, and thus could not be stacked. It was Vuitton's gray Trianon canvas flat trunk that allowed the ability to stack for ease with voyages. Becoming successful and prestigious, many other luggagemakers began to imitate LV's style and design. ^[1]

In 1867, the company paid participation to the universal exhibition in Paris. ^[2] As a move against the copy of his look, he changed the Trianon design to a beige and brown stripes design in 1876. ^[1]By 1885, the company opened its first store in London, England on Oxford Street. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland ^[2] Soon thereafter, in response to the continuing of imitation, in 1888, the Damier Canvas pattern was created by Louis Vuitton, bearing a logo that reads "marque L. Vuitton déposée," which translates to "mark L. Vuitton deposited" or, roughly, "L. Vuitton trademark". In 1892, Louis Vuitton died, and the company's management passed to his son. ^[2][1]

1893 through 1936

After the death of his father, Georges Vuitton began a campaign to build the company into a worldwide corporation, exhibiting the company's products at the Chicago World's Fair in 1893. The World's Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago World's Fair) a World's Fair, was held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary In 1896, the company launched the legendary Monogram Canvas and made the worldwide patents on it. ^[1][2] Its graphic symbols, including quatrefoils and flowers (as well as the LV monogram), were based on the trend of using Japanese and Oriental designs in the late Victorian era. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities The patents later prove to be successful in stopping counterfeiting. In this same year, Georges traveled to the United States, where he toured various cities (such as New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago), selling Vuitton products during the visit. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The City of New York Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. In 1901, the Louis Vuitton Company introduced the Steamer Bag, a smaller piece of luggage designed to be kept inside Vuitton luggage trunks. ^[2]

By 1914, the Louis Vuitton Building opened on the Champs-Elysees. The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (ʃɑ̃zeliˈze) is the most prestigious avenue in Paris. It was the largest travel-goods store in the world at the time. Stores also opened in New York, Bombay, Washington, London, Alexandria, and Buenos Aires as World War I began. The City of New York Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Afterwards, in 1930, the Keepall bag was introduced. During 1932, LV introduced the Noé bag. This bag was originally made for champagne vintners to transport bottles. Soon thereafter, the Louis Vuitton Speedy bag was introduced (both are still manufactured today). In 1936 Georges Vuitton passed away, and, his son, Gaston-Louis Vuitton, assumed control of the company. ^[2]

During the Vichy regime, the Vuitton family actively supported Nazi Germany (for the financial benefit of the company) while it wielded influence in France. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ^[4]

1936 through 2000

See also: Louis Vuitton Cup, America's Cup, and LVMH

During this period, the look of the leather was utilized in everything from small purses and wallets to larger pieces of luggage. See also America's Cup The Louis Vuitton Cup is one of the most famous and prestigious The America’s Cup is the most prestigious Regatta and Match race in the sport of Sailing, and the oldest active Trophy in international LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury In order to broaden its line, the company revamped its signature Monogram Canvas in 1959^[2] to make it more supple, allowing it to be used for purses, bags, and wallets. Audrey Hepburn is seen carrying the bag in the film Charade (1963). Audrey Hepburn ( &ndash) was an English/Dutch Academy Award - Emmy Award - Tony Award - and Grammy Award -winning film and stage actress Charade is a film written by Peter Stone and Marc Behm, directed by Stanley Donen, and starring Cary Grant and Audrey Hepburn It is believed that in the 1960s, counterfeiting returned as a greater issue to continue on into the 21st century. ^[1] In 1966, the Papillon was launched (a cylindrical bag that is still popular today). By 1977, LV owned two stores, with annual revenue up to 70 million Francs ($10 million USD). Origins The franc was originally a French Gold coin of 387 g minted in 1360 on the occasion of the release of King John II ("the good", held by the The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been ^[2] A year later (1978), it opened the first stores in Japan (in Tokyo and Osaka). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. is a city in Japan, located at the mouth of the Yodo River on Osaka Bay, in the Kansai region of the main island of Honshū In 1983, the company joined with America's Cup to form the Louis Vuitton Cup, a preliminary competition (known as an eliminatory regatta) for the yacht race. The America’s Cup is the most prestigious Regatta and Match race in the sport of Sailing, and the oldest active Trophy in international See also America's Cup The Louis Vuitton Cup is one of the most famous and prestigious Louis Vuitton later expanded its presence in Asia with the opening of a store in Taipei, Taiwan in 1983 and Seoul, South Korea in 1984. Taipei ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak-chhī Jhuyin Fuhao: ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄕˋ Hakka: Thòi-pet-sṳ has been the capital of Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː In the following year (1985), the Epi leather line is introduced. ^[2]

1987 witnessed the creation of LVMH. LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury ^[2] Moët et Chandon and Hennessy, leading manufacturers of champagne and brandy, (respectively) merged with Louis Vuitton to form the luxury goods conglomerate. Moët et Chandon (moɛt‿e ʃɑ̃ˈdɔ̃ Moët et Chandon was established in 1743 by Claude Moët, and today owns more than 1500 acres (6 Jas Hennessy & Co, or more simply Hennessy, is a prominent French winery and co-leader of the prestigious Luxury goods company LVMH. Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. Brandy (from brandywine, derived from Dutch brandewijn — “burnt wine” is a spirit produced by distilling Wine Profits for 1988 are reported to be up by 49% more than in 1987. By 1989, Louis Vuitton came to operate 130 stores worldwide. ^[2] Entering the 1990s, Yves Carcelle was proclaimed president of LV, and in 1992, his brand opened its first Chinese location at the Palace Hotel in Beijing. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Further more introduced products became the Taiga leather line (1993) and the literature collection of Voyager Avec. . . (1994). In 1996, the celebration of the Centennial of the Monogram Cavas was held in seven cities worldwide. ^[2]

After introducing its pen collection (1997), Louis Vuitton made Marc Jacobs its Art Director (1998). Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963 in New York City) is an American Fashion designer He is the head designer for Marc Jacobs ^[2] In March of the following year, he designed and introduced the company's first prêt-à-porter line of clothing for men and women. "Prêt-à-Porter" redirects here For the movie Prêt-à-Porter (English title Ready to Wear) see Prêt-à-Porter (film. Also in this year, the Monogram Vernis line, the LV scrapbooks, and the Louis Vuitton City Guide were launched. ^[2] 1300 km from Dalian to Beijing, the first rally in China is held ("China Run") as well. ^[2] The last events in the 20th century were the release of the mini monogram line (1999), the opening of the first store in Africa in Marrakech, Morocco (2000), and finally the auction at the International Film Festival in Venice, Italy were the vanity case "amfAR" designed by Sharon Stone is sold with proceeds going to The Foundation for AIDS Research (also in 2000). Marrakesh or Marrakech ( Amazigh: Murakush, Arabic مراكش Murrakush) known as the "Red City" Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Sharon Vonne Stone (born March 10, 1958) is an American Golden Globe - and Emmy -winning Actress, producer, and former amfAR The Foundation for AIDS Research (formerly The American Foundation for AIDS Research) is an International Non-profit organization for HIV ^[2]

2001 to present day

By 2001, Stephen Sprouse, in collaboration with Marc Jacobs, designed a limited-edition line of Vuitton bags^[2] that feature graffiti written over the monogram pattern. Stephen Sprouse ( September 12, 1953 - March 4, 2004) was a Fashion designer and Artist credited with pioneering the 1980s Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963 in New York City) is an American Fashion designer He is the head designer for Marc Jacobs Graffiti (singular graffito; the plural is used as a Mass noun) is the name for images or lettering scratched scrawled painted or marked in any manner on property The graffiti reads Louis Vuitton and as well, on certain bags, the name of the bag (such as Keepall and Speedy). Certain pieces, which feature the graffiti without the Monogram Canvas background, are created and only available to the customers on Vuitton's V.I.P. customer list. A Very Important Person, or VIP is a person who is accorded special privileges due to his or her status or importance Jacobs also creates the charms bracelett, the first ever jewelry from LV, within the same year. ^[2]

In the year of 2002, the Tambour watch collection was introduced. ^[2] During this year as well, the LV building in Tokyo is opened, and the brand collaborates with Bob Wilson for its Christmas windows sceneography. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Bob Wilson is the name of Bob Wilson (footballer (born 30 October 1941 in Chesterfield England a former goalkeeper for Arsenal and broadcaster In 2003, Takashi Murakami^[2], in collaboration with Marc Jacobs, masterminded the new Monogram Multicolore canvas range of handbags and accessories. is a prolific contemporary Japanese artist who works in both Fine arts media such as painting as well as digital and commercial media Marc Jacobs (born April 9, 1963 in New York City) is an American Fashion designer He is the head designer for Marc Jacobs This range includes the monograms of the standard Monogram Canvas, but in 33 different colors on either a white or black background. (The classic canvas features gold monograms on a brown background. ) Murakami also created the Cherry Blossom pattern, in which smiling cartoon faces in the middle of pink and yellow flowers are sporadically placed atop the Monogram Canvas. This pattern appeared on a limited number of pieces. The production of this limited-edition run was discontinued in June 2003. The term special edition ( deluxe edition and collector's edition are also used is a term generally used as a Marketing incentive for various kinds of products Within 2003, the stores in Moscow, Russia and in New Delhi, India are opened. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Utah and Suhali leather lines are released, and the 20^th anniversary of the LV Cup is held as well. ^[2]

Louis Vuitton celebrated its 150^th anniversary in 2004 worldwide. In this year, the brand inaugurated stores in New York City (on Fifth Avenue), São Paulo and Johannesburg. The City of New York São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa. It also opened its first global store in Shanghai. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Furthermore, it joined with Ugo Rondinone for the creation of the Christmas window scenography of the year. By 2005, Louis Vuitton reopened its Champs-Élysées store (reputed to be the largest LV store in the world), and release the Speedy watch collection. The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (ʃɑ̃zeliˈze) is the most prestigious avenue in Paris. In 2006, LV held the inauguration of the Espace Louis Vuitton on its 7^th floor. Other inaugurations were of the houses located at Fifth Avenue in New York City and Taipei. Taipei ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak-chhī Jhuyin Fuhao: ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄕˋ Hakka: Thòi-pet-sṳ has been the capital of Further releases are the publication of the "Louis Vuitton Icons" book, the Monogram mini lin line, and the Damier Azur line. The icons are launched in Nomande leather, and the icon lockit is repamped. Between Budapest, Vienna and Prague takes place the LV Boheme Run. Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. For this Christmas window Scenography, Danish artist Olafur Eliasson presents LV with his artwork. Olafur Eliasson (born 1967 in Copenhagen, Denmark) is a Danish - Icelandic artist noted for his exhibition The Weather Project at the ^[2]

Louis Vuitton today

Advertising campaigns

The Louis Vuitton company carefully cultivates a celebrity following and has used famous models and actresses in its marketing campaigns. Breaking from their usual traditions of employing supermodels and celebrities to advertise their products, on August 2, 2007, the company announced that the former USSR leader Mikhail Gorbachev would appear in an ad campaign along with Steffi Graf, Andre Agassi, and Catherine Deneuve. A supermodel is a highly-paid élite fashion model who usually has a worldwide reputation and often a background in Haute couture and commercial modeling Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician Stefanie Maria Graf (born June 14, 1969, in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany) is a former World No Andre Kirk Agassi (born April 29 1970 is a former World No 1 professional American Tennis player who won eight Grand Slam singles tournaments Catherine Deneuve (French katʁin dəˈnœv born October 22 1943 is a two-time Cesar Award -winning BAFTA Award -nominated and Academy Award -nominated

The company commonly uses print ads in magazines and billboards in cosmopolitan cities. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified It previously relied on selected press for its advertising campaigns (frequently involving prestigious stars like Steffi Graf, Andre Agassi, Gisele Bündchen and Catherine Deneuve) shot by Annie Leibovitz. Stefanie Maria Graf (born June 14, 1969, in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany) is a former World No Andre Kirk Agassi (born April 29 1970 is a former World No 1 professional American Tennis player who won eight Grand Slam singles tournaments Gisele Caroline Bündchen (born July 20 1980 is a Brazilian model. Catherine Deneuve (French katʁin dəˈnœv born October 22 1943 is a two-time Cesar Award -winning BAFTA Award -nominated and Academy Award -nominated Anna-Lou "Annie" Leibovitz (ˈliːbəvɪts (born October 2, 1949) is an American Portrait photographer whose style is marked However, Antoine Arnault, director of the communication department, has recently decided to enter the world of television and cinema: The commercial (90 seconds) is exploring the theme "Where will life take you?" and is translated into 13 different languages. This is the first Vuitton commercial ad ever and was directed by renowned French director Bruno Aveillan. Bruno Aveillan (born 1968 in Toulouse) is a director and a photographer ^[5]

Merchandise

Since the 19th century, manufacture of Louis Vuitton goods has not changed: Luggage is still made by hand. ^[1] Contemporary Fashion (edited by Richard Martin) gives a preview of the creation of the LV trunks: "the craftsmen line up the leather and canvas, tapping in the tiny nails one by one and securing the five-letter solid pick-proof brass locks with an individual handmade key, designed to allow the traveller to have only one key for all of his or her luggage. The woven frames of each trunk are made of 30-year-old poplar that has been allowed to dry for at least four years. Populus is a genus of between 25–35 species of Flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. Each trunk has a serial number and can take up to 60 hours to make, and a suitcase as many as 15 hours. "^[1]

The company manufactures and markets luxury leather goods, fashion accessories, prêt-à-porter, and jewelry. In Economics, a luxury good is a good for which Demand increases more than proportionally as income rises in contrast to a "necessity good" Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process "Prêt-à-Porter" redirects here For the movie Prêt-à-Porter (English title Ready to Wear) see Prêt-à-Porter (film. Many of the company's products utilize the signature brown Damier and Monogram Canvas materials, both of which were first used in the late 19th century. All of the company's products utilize the eponymous LV initials. The company only markets its product through its own stores throughout the world, which allows it to control product quality and pricing, and to prevent counterfeit products entering its distribution channels. Also Louis Vuitton has no sales or any duty-free stores. In addition, the company added a single online retailer to sell some of its products (along with some of its sister companies such as Christian Dior). Christian Dior ( January 21, 1905 &ndash October 23, 1957) was an influential French Fashion designer, best known as the ^[1]

One of the Louis Vuitton's emblems is the Alzer suitcase, with retail price of 3,400€ to 3,950€ ($5,250 to $6,100 USD). The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The prices are for the monogram canvas line. For special orders, a leather Alzer suitcase can go up to 30,000€.

Counterfeiting

The brand is highly counterfeited, and just over 1% of the items bearing the trademark monogram are authentic. A counterfeit is an imitation that is made usually with the intent to deceptively represent its content or origins Ironically, the signature Monogram Canvas was created to prevent counterfeiting. ^[6] In 2004, Louis Vuitton fakes accounted for 18% of counterfeit accessories seized in the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The brand has always been a target of counterfeit (since its establishment) due to the goods' rather prestigious state. ^[1]

LV takes a serious view of all counterfeiting, employing a team of lawyers and special investigation agencies, actively pursuing offenders through law courts worldwide, and allocating about half of its budget of communications to counteract piracy of its goods. Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering ^[1] LVMH (Vuitton's parent company) further confirmed this by stating that "some 60 people at various levels of responsibility working full time on anti-counterfeiting in collaboration with a wide network of outside investigators and a team of lawyers. LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury "^[7] In a further effort, the company closely controls the distribution of its products. ^[1] Until the 1980s, Vuitton products were widely sold in department stores (e. g. Neiman Marcus and Saks Fifth Avenue). Neiman Marcus is an upscale specialty retail Department store, operated by the Neiman Marcus Group in the United States. Saks Fifth Avenue is an upscale American Department store owned and operated by Saks Fifth Avenue Enterprises (SFAE a subsidiary of Saks Incorporated. Today, Vuitton products are primarily available at authentic Louis Vuitton boutiques,^[1] with a small number of exceptions. These boutiques are commonly found in upscale shopping districts or, less commonly, inside ultra high-end department stores. The boutiques within department stores operate independently from the department and have their own LV managers and employees. LV has recently launched an online store, through its main website, as an authorized channel to market its products. ^[8]

Controversy and disputes

Collaboration with Nazi Germany

The French book Louis Vuitton, A French Saga (authored by French journalist Stephanie Bonvicini and published by Paris-based Editions Fayard^[9]) tells how members of the Vuitton family actively aided the puppet government led by Marshal Philippe Pétain, increasing their wealth from their business affairs with the Nazi Germans. A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951 generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain ( Maréchal Pétain) Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The family set up a factory dedicated to producing artifacts glorifying Pétain, including more than 2,500 busts. Petain's Vichy regime was responsible for the deportation of French Jews to German concentration camps. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial ^[4]

Caroline Babulle, a spokeswoman for the publisher (Fayard) said, "They [Louis Vuitton Co. ] have not contested anything in the book, but they are trying to bury it by pretending it doesn't exist. " Responding to the book's release in 2004, a spokesman for LVMH stated that "this is ancient history. LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury . . The book covers a period when it was family-run and long before it became part of LVMH. We are diverse, tolerant and all the things a modern company should be. " Another LVMH spokesman told the satirical magazine, Le Canard Enchainé, that "We don't deny the facts, but regrettably the author has exaggerated the Vichy episode,". That publication was the only French periodical to mention the book. ^[4]

Louis Vuitton vs. Britney Spears video

On November 19, 2007 Louis Vuitton, in further efforts to prevent counterfeiting, successfully sued Britney Spears for violating counterfeiting laws. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Britney Jean Spears (born December 2 1981 is an American recording artist and entertainer In a music video for the song "Do Somethin'" it shows fingers tapping on the dashboard of a hot pink Hummer with what looks like Louis Vuitton's "Cherry Blossom" design bearing the LV logo. " Do Somethin' " is a single by Britney Spears, the third and final single taken from her 2004 (see 2004 in music) Greatest Hits My Prerogative Hummer is a Brand of Off-road vehicles sold by General Motors, also known as GM Britney Spears herself was not found guilty, but a civil court in Paris has ordered Sony BMG and MTV Online to stop showing the video. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Sony BMG Music Entertainment is a diverse music and entertainment group MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. They were also fined €80,000 to each groups. An anonymous spokesperson for LVMH stated that the video constituted an "attack" on Louis Vuitton's brands and its luxury image. LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton SA ( usually shortened to LVMH, is a French Holding company and is the world's largest Luxury ^[10]

Louis Vuitton vs. Darfur Charity

On February 13, 2008 Louis Vuitton sent a Cease and Desist order to artist Nadia Plesner for the "reproduction" of a bag that infringes Louis Vuitton's Intellectual Property Rights. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[11] The reproduction referred to is a satirical illustration that depicts a malnutritioned child holding a designer dog and a designer bag. The illustration features on T-shirts and posters, with all profits going to the charity "Divest for Darfur". The artist defended her "Simple Living" campaign and her right to artist freedom in a written response to Louis Vuitton on February 27, 2008, calling attention to the lack of the famous monogram, further asserting that the illustration refers to 'designer bags' in general, with no specific mention of the Louis Vuitton brand in either the illustration or any associated campaign material. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common On April 15, 2008, Louis Vuitton notified Ms Plesner of the lawsuit being brought against her. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common It has been reported that Louis Vuitton is demanding $7,500 (5,000 Euro) for each day Ms Plesner continues to sell the Simple Living products, $7,500 for each day the original Cease and Desist letter is published on her website and $7,500 a day for using the name "Louis Vuitton" on her website. In addition, it is alleged that Louis Vuitton is demanding that the artist pays LV's legal costs, including $15,000 to cover additional expenses the company has incurred in protecting their intellectual property rights. ^[12]

References

External links

• Official site
• Official site for the 2007 Louis Vuitton Cup
• The history of the Louis Vuitton trunk

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