Louis Aragon pronounced [lwi aʁaˈgɔ̃] in French) (October 3, 1897 – December 24, 1982), French poet and novelist, a long-time political supporter of the communist party and a member of the Académie Goncourt. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of The Société littéraire des Goncourt (Goncourt Literary Society usually called the académie Goncourt (Goncourt Academy is a French literary organization based

Contents 1 Early life (1897-1939) 1.1 The Commune (1933-1939) 1.2 Director of Ce soir (1937-1953) 2 World War II (1939-1945) 3 After the war 3.1 Les Lettres françaises (1953-1972) 3.2 The publisher 3.3 Back to Surrealism 4 Conclusion 5 Bibliography 5.1 Novels and Short Stories 5.2 Poetry 5.3 Essays 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links

Early life (1897-1939)

French literature
By category
French literary history
Medieval 16th century · 17th century 18th century · 19th century 20th century · Contemporary
French writers
Chronological list Writers by category Novelists · Playwrights Poets · Essayists Short story writers
France portal
Literature portal This box: view • talk • edit

Aragon was born and died in Paris. This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle For more information on historical developments in this period see Renaissance, History of France, and Early Modern France. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici French literature of the 18th century usually refers to the literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798 the year French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 French literature of the twentieth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1895 to 1990 Contemporary French literature is French literature roughly from the 1990s to Today. Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality by date of birth Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city He was raised by his mother and maternal grandmother, believing them to be his sister and foster mother, respectively. His biological father, Louis Andrieux, a former senator for Forcalquier, was married and forty years older than Aragon's mother, whom he seduced when she was seventeen. Forcalquier is a commune of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in southeastern France. Aragon's mother passed Andrieux off to her son as his godfather. A godparent, in many denominations of Christianity, is someone who sponsors a child's Baptism. Aragon was only told the truth at the age of 19, as he was leaving to serve in the First World War, from which neither he nor his parents believed he would return. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Andrieux's refusal or inability to recognize his son would influence Aragon's poetry later on.

Having been involved in Dadaism from 1919 to 1924, he became a founding member of Surrealism in 1924, with André Breton and Philippe Soupault. For other meanings see Dada (disambiguation DaDa is a Concept album by Alice Cooper, released Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, Philippe Soupault ( 2 August 1897 &ndash 12 March 1990) was a French writer and poet novelist critic and political activist In the 1920s, Aragon became a fellow traveller of the French Communist Party (PCF) along with several other surrealists, and took out his card in January 1927. In some political contexts the term fellow traveler refers to a person who sympathizes with the beliefs of a particular organization but does not belong to that organization The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of In 1933 he began to write for the party's newspaper, L'Humanité, in the "news in brief" section. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. L'Humanité ("Humanity" formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the He would remain a member for the rest of his life, writing several political poems including one to Maurice Thorez, the general secretary of the PCF. Maurice Thorez ( April 28, 1900 – July 11, 1964) was a French politician and longtime leader of the French Communist Party During the World Congress of Writers for the Defence of Culture (1935), Aragon opposed his former friend André Breton, who wanted to use the opportunity as a tribune to defend the writer Victor Serge, associated with Leon Trotsky's Left Opposition. Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (ВЛ Кибальчич ( December 30 1890 - November 17 1947) better known as Victor Serge, was Leon Trotsky ( Russian:, Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij Left communism and the Left Opposition are distinct Left communism should not be confused with the Trotskyist tendency described below

Nevertheless Aragon was also critical of the USSR, particularly after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1956) during which Stalin's personality cult was denounced by Khrushchev. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held during February 14 26 1956. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party A cult of personality or personality cult arises when a country's leader uses Mass media to create a heroic public image through unquestioning flattery and praise On the Personality Cult and its Consequences (О культе личности и его последствиях commonly known as the Secret Speech or the Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following

The French surrealists had long claimed Lewis Carroll as one of their own, so it came as no surprise when Aragon tackled The Hunting of the Snark^[1] in 1929, "shortly before he completed his transition from Snarxism to Marxism", as Martin Gardner puts it. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (ˈdɒdsən (27 January 1832 &ndash 14 January 1898 better known by the Pen name Lewis Carroll (/ˈkærəl/ was an English " The Hunting of the Snark (An Agony in 8 Fits " is a nonsense Poem written by Lewis Carroll (Charles Lutwidge Dodgson in 1874 when he was 42 years Martin Gardner (b October 21, 1914, Tulsa Oklahoma) is a popular American mathematics and science writer specializing in Recreational mathematics ^[2] Witness the key stanza of the poem in Aragon's translation:

“

Ils le traquèrent avec des gobelets ils le traquèrent avec soin Ils le poursuivirent avec des fourches et de l'espoir Ils menacèrent sa vie avec une action de chemin de fer Ils le charmèrent avec des sourires et du savon

”

Gardner calls the translation "pedestrian" and reminds the reader of Carroll's Rhyme? And Reason? (also published as "Phantasmagoria"). Gardner finds also the rest of Aragon's writings on Carroll's nonsense poetry full of factual errors, and cautions the reader that there is no evidence that Aragon intended any of it as a joke.

The Commune (1933-1939)

Apart of working as a journalist for L'Humanité, Louis Aragon also became, along with Paul Nizan, editor secretary of the journal Commune, published by the Association des écrivains et artistes révolutionnaires (Association of Revolutionary Writers and Artists), which aimed at gathering intellectuals and artists in a common front against fascism. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends Paul Nizan ( February 7, 1905 &ndash May 23, 1940) was a French philosopher and writer An intellectual (from the adjective meaning "involving thought and reason" is a person who tries to use his or her Intelligence and analytical thinking, Anti-fascism is the opposition to fascist ideologies organizations governments and people Aragon became member of the directing committee of the Commune journal in January 1937, along with André Gide, Romain Rolland and Paul Vaillant-Couturier. Romain Rolland ( 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French Dramatist, Essayist, Art historian Paul Vaillant-Couturier ( January 8, 1892 in Paris - October 10, 1937) was a French Author, Journalist The journal then took the name of "French literary review for defence of culture" (« revue littéraire française pour la défense de la culture »). With Gide's withdrawal in August 1937, Vaillant-Couturier's death in autumn 1937 and Romain Rolland's old age, Aragon became its effective director. In December 1938, he called as chief editor the young writer Jacques Decour. Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media The Commune journal was strongly involved in the mobilization of French intellectuals in favor of the Spanish Republic. The Second Spanish Republic was the system of government in Spain between April 14 1931, when King Alfonso XIII left the country

Director of Ce soir (1937-1953)

In March 1937, Aragon was called on by the PCF to head the new evening daily, Ce soir, which he was charged with launching, along with the writer Jean-Richard Bloch. Jean-Richard Bloch ( 1884 - March 15, 1947) was a French Writer ( Critic, Novel, Playwright) Ce soir attempted to compete with Paris-Soir. Paris-Soir was a large-circulation daily Newspaper in Paris, France from 1923-1944 Outlawed in August 1939, Ce soir was re-opened after the Liberation, and Aragon again became its lead, first with Bloch then alone after Bloch's death in 1947. The newspaper, which counted Emile Danoën among its collaborators, closed in March 1953.

World War II (1939-1945)

In 1939 he married Russian-born author Elsa Triolet, the sister of Lilya Brik, a mistress and common-law wife of Russian poet Vladimir Mayakovsky. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Elsa Yur'evna Triolet ( September 12 (or September 24) 1896 - June 16 1970) was a French writer a wife of Louis Aragon Lilya Yur'evna Brik (alternatively spelled Lili or Lily, Лиля Юрьевна Брик - August 4, 1978) is known best as a Muse Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский ( &ndash April 14, 1930) was a Russian poet and He had met her in 1928, and she became his muse starting in the 1940s. In Greek mythology, the Muses ( Ancient Greek, hai moũsai: perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root * men- "think" are Aragon and Triolet collaborated in the left-wing French media before and during World War II, going underground for most of the Nazi occupation. The Left in France at the beginning of the 20th century was represented by two main Political parties, the Republican Radical and Radical-Socialist Party World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944

Aragon was mobilized in 1939, and awarded the Croix de guerre (War Cross) and the military medal for acts of bravery. The Croix de Guerre (sometimes lowercase in French Croix de guerre, meaning "Cross of War" is a military decoration of both France and After the May 1940 defeat, he took refuge in the Southern Zone. In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 He was one of several poets, along with Robert Desnos, Paul Eluard, Jean Prévost, Jean-Pierre Rosnay, etc. Robert Desnos ( 4 July 1900 - 8 June 1945) was a French Surrealist poet who played a key role in the surrealistic movement of his day Paul Éluard was the Pen name of Eugène Émile Paul Grindel ( 14 December 1895 – 18 November 1952) a French Jean Prévost ( June 13, 1901 &ndash August 1, 1944) was a French Writer and Resistance fighter , to join the Resistance, both through literary activities and as an actual organiser of Resistance acts. The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German

During the war, Aragon wrote for the underground press Les Éditions de Minuit and was a member of the National Front Resistance movement. Les Éditions de Minuit ( Midnight Press) is a French publishing house which has its origins in the This article is about the WWII French resistance movement For the French far-right wing political party see Front National. He participated with his wife in the setting up of the National Front of Writers in the Southern Zone. This activism led him to break his friendly relationship with Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, who had chosen Collaborationism. Pierre Eugène Drieu La Rochelle ( 3 January 1893 &ndash 15 March 1945) was a French writer of Novels short stories Collaborationism, can describe the Treason of cooperating with enemy Forces occupying one's Country.

Along with Paul Eluard, Pierre Seghers or René Char, Aragon would maintain the memory of the Resistance in his post-war poems. Pierre Seghers ( 5 January 1906, Paris - 4 November 1987, Créteil) was a French Poet and Editor René Char ( June 14, 1907 &ndash February 19, 1988) was a 20th century French Poet. He thus wrote, in 1954, Strophes pour se souvenir in commemoration of the role of foreigners in the Resistance, which celebrated the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans de la Main d'Oeuvre Immigrée (FTP-MOI). L'Affiche rouge is a song on the album Léo Ferré chante Aragon (1959 by Léo Ferré. The phrase francs-tireurs was used to describe Irregular military formations deployed by France during the early stages of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871

The theme of the poem was the Red Poster affair, mainly the last letter that Missak Manouchian, an Armenian-French poet and Resistant, wrote to his wife Mélinée before his execution on 21 February 1944 ^[3]. The Affiche Rouge ("Red Poster" is a famous Propaganda poster distributed by Vichy French and German authorities in the spring of 1944 in Missak Manouchian (Միսաք Մանուշյան September 1 1906, Adıyaman, in Ottoman|Turkey &mdash February 21 1944 This poem was then set to music by Léo Ferré. Léo Ferré ( August 24, 1916 - July 14, 1993) was a French Poet, Composer, Singer and Musician.

After the war

At the Liberation, Aragon became one of the leading Communist intellectuals, assuming political responsibilities in the Comité national des écrivains (National Committee of Writers). He celebrated the role of the general secretary of the PCF, Maurice Thorez, and defended the Kominform's condemnation of the Titoist regime in Yugoslavia. Maurice Thorez ( April 28, 1900 – July 11, 1964) was a French politician and longtime leader of the French Communist Party Cominform ( Com munist Inform ation Bureau) is the common name for what was officially referred to as the Information Bureau of the Communist Titoism is an adaptation of communist ideology named after Josip Broz Tito, leader of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, primarily used to describe See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian

Sponsored by Thorez, Aragon was elected, in 1950, to the central committee of the PCF. His post, however, did not protect him from all forms of criticism. Thus, when his journal, Les Lettres françaises, published a drawing by Picasso on the occasion of Stalin's death in March 1953, Aragon was forced to make excuses to his critics, who judged the drawing iconoclastic. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Through the years, he had been kept informed of Stalinist repression by his Russian-born wife, and so his political line evolved. Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953

Les Lettres françaises (1953-1972)

In the days following the disappearance of Ce soir, in March 1953, Aragon became the director of L'Humanité 's literary supplement, Les Lettres françaises. Assisted by its chief editor, Pierre Daix, Aragon started in the 1960s a struggle against Stalinism and its consequences in Eastern Europe. Stalinism is the political regime named after Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet Union from 1929–1953 Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. He published the writings of dissidents such as Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn or Milan Kundera. Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn ( Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цын) (December 11 1918 – August 3 2008 was a Russian Novelist Milan Kundera (ˈmɪlan ˈkundɛra (born April 1, 1929, in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is a French Writer of Czech The monetary loss caused by Les Lettres françaises led to its ceasing publication in 1972. It was later re-founded.

In 1956, Aragon supported the Budapest insurrection, provoking the dissolution of the Comité national des écrivains, which Vercors quit. The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 ( Hungarian: 1956-os forradalom) was a spontaneous nationwide Revolt against the Stalinist government of Jean Bruller ( February 26, 1902 – June 10, 1991) was a French Writer and Illustrator who co-founded Les The same year, he was nevertheless granted the Lenin Peace Prize. The International Stalin Prize or the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples (renamed Международная Ленинская премия «За He now harshly condemned Soviet totalitarianism, opened his magazines to dissidents, condemned show trials against intellectuals (in particular the 1966 Sinyavsky-Daniel trial). The term show trial is a pejorative description of a type of highly Public trial. Sinyavsky-Daniel trial (процесс Синявского и Даниэля was the trial against Russian writers Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel, which took place He strongly supported the student movement of May '68, although the PCF was skeptical about it. For other events in May 1968 see 1968. The crushing of the Prague Spring in 1968 led him to a critical preface published in a translation of one of Milan Kundera's book (La Plaisanterie) ^[4]. The Prague Spring ( Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during Milan Kundera (ˈmɪlan ˈkundɛra (born April 1, 1929, in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is a French Writer of Czech Despite his criticisms, Aragon remained an official member of the PCF's central committee until his death.

The publisher

Beside his journalist activities, Louis Aragon was also CEO of the Editeurs français réunis (EFR) publishing house, heir of two publishing houses founded by the Resistance, La Bibliothèque française and Hier et Aujourd'hui. He directed the EFR along with Madeleine Braun, and published in the 1950s French and Sovietic writers commonly related to the "Socialist Realism" current. Socialist realism is a teleologically -oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of Socialism and Communism Among other works, the EFR published André Stil's Premier choc, which owed to the future Goncourt Academician the Staline Award in 1953. The Société littéraire des Goncourt (Goncourt Literary Society usually called the académie Goncourt (Goncourt Academy is a French literary organization based The USSR State Prize (Госуда́рственная пре́мия СССР was the Soviet Union 's state honour But they also published other writers, such as Julius Fučík, Vítězslav Nezval, Rafael Alberti, Yánnis Rítsos or Vladimir Mayakovsky. Julius Fučík (ˈjuːlɪjʊs ˈfʊtʃiːk ( 23 February 1903 – 8 September 1943) was a Czechoslovak journalist an active Vítězslav Nezval (ˈviːcɛslaf ˈnɛzval ( May 16, 1900, Biskoupky – April 6, 1958, Prague) was one of the most prolific Rafael Alberti Merello ( El Puerto de Santa María, December 16, 1902 - October 28, 1999) was a Spanish poet a member Yiannis Ritsos ( Monemvasia May 1 1909 - Athens November 11 1990) was a Greek Poet. Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (Влади́мир Влади́мирович Маяко́вский ( &ndash April 14, 1930) was a Russian poet and In the beginning of the 1960s, the EFR brought to public knowledge the works of non-Russian Sovietic writers, such as Tchinguiz Aïtmatov, or Russian writers belong to the Khrushchev Thaw, such as Galina Nicolaëva, Anatoli Kouznetsov's Babi Iar in 1967, etc. Chinghiz Aitmatov (Чыңгыз Айтматов tʃɯŋˈʀɯs ɑjtˈmɑtəf Чингиз Торекулович Айтматов (born 12 December 1928 in Khrushchev's Thaw or the Khrushchev Thaw refers to the period from the mid 1950s to the early 1960s when repression and Censorship in the Soviet Union The EFR also published the first novel of Christa Wolf in 1964, and launched the poetic collection Petite sirène, which collected works by Pablo Neruda, Eugène Guillevic, Nicolas Guillen, but also less known poets such as Dominique Grandmont, Alain Lance or Jean Ristat. Christa Wolf (born Christa Ihlenfeld on March 18, 1929) is a German Literary critic, Novelist and Essayist Pablo Neruda ( July 12, 1904 – September 23, 1973) was the pen name and later legal name of the Chilean writer and politician Eugène Guillevic ( Carnac, Morbihan, France, August 5, 1907 &ndash Paris, March 19, 1997) (øʒen Nicolás Cristóbal Guillén Batista ( 10 July 1902 &ndash 16 July 1989) was an Afro-Cuban Poet.

Back to Surrealism

After the death of his wife on June 16, 1970, Aragon came out as bisexual, appearing at gay pride parades in a pink convertible ^[5]. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Closeted Coming out (that is " coming out of the closet " describes the voluntary public announcement of one's Sexual orientation and/or Gender identity Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation LGBT pride or gay pride refers to a world wide movement and philosophy asserting that LGBT ( Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Drieu La Rochelle had evoked Aragon's homosexuality in Gilles, written in the 1930s.

Free from both his marital and editorial responsibilities (having ended publication of Les Lettres Françaises — L'Humanité 's literary supplement — in 1972), Aragon was free to return to his surrealist roots. L'Humanité ("Humanity" formerly the daily newspaper of the French Communist Party (PCF was founded in 1904 by Jean Jaurès, a leader of the During the last ten years of his life, he published at least two further novels: Henri Matisse Roman and Les Adieux. Ludwig van Beethoven 's Piano Sonata No 26 in E flat major, opus 81a known as the Les Adieux sonata was written during the

Louis Aragon died on 24 December, 1982, his friend Jean Ristat sitting up with him. He was buried in the parc of Moulins de Villeneuve, in his property of Saint-Arnoult-en-Yvelines, along his wife Elsa Triolet. Saint-Arnoult-en-Yvelines is a commune of the Yvelines département, in France.

Various poems by Aragon have been sung by Lino Léonardi, Hélène Martin, Léo Ferré, Jean Ferrat, Georges Brassens, Alain Barrière, Isabelle Aubret, Nicole Rieu, Monique Morelli, Marc Ogeret, etc. Léo Ferré ( August 24, 1916 - July 14, 1993) was a French Poet, Composer, Singer and Musician. Jean Ferrat (born Jean Tenenbaum on December 26, 1930 in Vaucresson, a suburb of Paris) is a French author poet and Georges Brassens (ʒɔʁʒ bʁaˈsɛ̃s in French (22 October 1921 - 29 October 1981 was a French Singer-songwriter.

Conclusion

Aragon's poetry is diverse and varied. He favoured equally poetic prose and fixed-form verse, to which he brought a renewed sensibility. After a very free early period, marked by surrealism and its subversive language, Aragon returned to more classical forms (measured verse; rhyme, even) clearly inspired by Apollinaire. Guillaume Apollinaire (in French ɡijom apɔliˈnɛʁ ( August 26, 1880 &ndash November 9, 1918) was a French Poet He felt that this was more in keeping with the national emergency during World War II. After the war, the political side of his poetry gave way more and more to lyricism for its own sake. He never went back on that embrace of classicism. He did however integrate a certain formal freedom with it, sometimes recalling the surrealism of his early days.

As a novelist he encompasses the whole ethos of the Twentieth Century: surealist novel, socialist realism, realism, nouveau roman. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Socialist realism is a teleologically -oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of Socialism and Communism The nouveau roman ( French: "new novel" is a type of 1950s French Novel that diverged from classical literary genres Indeed he was one of the founding personalities of the novel of his time.

Bibliography

Novels and Short Stories

• Anicet ou le Panorama (1921)
• Les Aventures de Télémaque (1922)
• Le Libertinage (1924)
• Le Paysan de Paris (1926)
• Le Con d'Irène (1927, published under the pseudonym Albert de Routisie)
• Les Cloches de Bâle ("Le Monde réel", 1934)
• Les Beaux Quartiers ("Le Monde réel", 1936, Renaudot Prize winner)
• Les Voyageurs de l'Impériale ("Le Monde réel", 1942)
• Aurélien ("Le Monde réel", 1944)
• Servitude et Grandeur des Français. The year 1921 in literature involved some significant events and new books The year 1922 in literature involved some significant events and new books The year 1924 in literature involved some significant events and new books The year 1926 in literature involved some significant events and new books The year 1927 in literature involved some significant events and new books The year 1934 in literature involved some significant events and new books The year 1936 in literature involved some significant events and new books The year 1942 in literature involved some significant events and new books The year 1944 in literature involved some significant new books Scènes des années terribles (1945)
• Les Communistes (6 volumes, 1949-1951 et 1966-1967 - "Le Monde réel")
• La Semaine Sainte (1958) (published in English in 1959 as Holy Week)
• La Mise à mort (1965)
• Blanche ou l'oubli (1967)
• Henri Matisse, roman (1971)
• Théâtre/Roman (1974)
• Le Mentir-vrai (1980)
• La Défense de l'infini (1986)
• Les Aventures de Jean-Foutre La Bite (1986)

Poetry

• Le Musée Grévin, published under the pseudonym François la Colère by the Editions de Minuit
• La rose et le réséda
• Feu de joie, 1919
• Le Mouvement perpétuel, 1926
• La Grande Gaîté, 1929
• Persécuté persécuteur, 1930-1931
• Hourra l'Oural, 1934
• Le Crève-Cœur, 1941
• Cantique à Elsa, 1942
• Les Yeux d'Elsa, 1942
• Brocéliande, 1942
• Le Musée Grevin, 1943
• La Diane française, 1945
• En étrange pays dans mon pays lui-même, 1945
• Le Nouveau Crève-Cœur, 1948
• Le Roman inachevé, 1956
• Elsa, 1959
• Les Poètes, 1960
• Le Fou d'Elsa, 1963
• Il ne m'est Paris que d'Elsa, 1964
• Les Chambres, poème du temps qui ne passe pas, 1969

Essays

• Une vague de rêves, 1924
• Traité du style, 1928
• Pour un réalisme socialiste, 1935

References

Further reading

• Benjamin Ivry(1996). Benjamin Ivry is an American writer on the arts broadcaster and translator Francis Poulenc, 20th-Century Composers series. Phaidon Press Limited. ISBN 0-7148-3503-X.
• Polizzotti, Mark (1995). Revolution of the Mind: The Life of André Breton Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN 0-7415-1281-7

External links

• J'arrive où je suis étranger poem with music, listenable on-line.

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic