The lotus effect in materials science is the observed superhydrophobic (also super hydrophobic or super-hydrophobic) and self-cleaning property found with lotus plants' leaves [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]. Materials Science or Materials Engineering is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of Science and In Chemistry, hydrophobicity (from the combining form of water in Attic Greek hydro- and for fear phobos) refers to the physical property of Nelumbo is a Genus of aquatic plants with large showy Water lily -like flowers commonly known as Lotus or sacred lotus In some Eastern cultures, the lotus plant is a symbol of purity. Nelumbo is a Genus of aquatic plants with large showy Water lily -like flowers commonly known as Lotus or sacred lotus Although lotuses prefer to grow in muddy rivers and lakes, the leaves and flowers remain clean. Botanists who have studied lotus leaves have found that they have a natural cleaning mechanism. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life This cleaning mechanism was discovered by Wilhelm Barthlott [6] in 1982. He also holds a patent [7].
The microscopic structure and surface chemistry of the leaves prevent them from being wetted by liquids having a contact angle of greater than 90° to an unstructured surface of the same material. With contact angles to water of up to 170°, droplets roll off a leaf's surface like mercury, taking mud, tiny insects, and contaminants with them. The contact angle is the Angle at which a Liquid / Vapor interface meets the solid surface Mercury (ˈmɜrkjʊri also called quicksilver or hydrargyrum, is a Chemical element with the symbol Hg ( Latinized hydrargyrum This is known as superhydrophobicity, or more commonly, the lotus effect. In Chemistry, hydrophobicity (from the combining form of water in Attic Greek hydro- and for fear phobos) refers to the physical property of Water droplets on taro and nasturtium leaves exhibit similar behavior. Taro (from Tahitian or other Polynesian languages) more rarely kalo (from Hawaiian) and gabi in The Philippines, is a
Some nanotechnologists have developed treatments, coatings, paints, roof tiles, fabrics and other surfaces that can stay dry and clean themselves in the same way as the lotus leaf. Nanotechnology, sometimes shortened to nanotech, refers to a field of Applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an Atomic and Molecular This can usually be achieved using special fluorochemical or silicone treatments on structured surfaces or with compositions containing micro-scale particulates. Super-hydrophobic coatings comprising Teflon™ microparticles have been used on medical diagnostic slides for over 30 years. It is possible to achieve such effects by using combinations of polyethylene glycol with glucose and sucrose (or any insoluble particulate) in conjunction with a hydrophobic substance. Poly( Ethylene glycol) (PEG also known as poly( Ethylene oxide) (PEO or polyoxyethylene (POE is the most commercially important type of polyether Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. Solubility of Pure SucroseTemperature(Cg
In one method, an aluminium surface is made superhydrophobic by immersing it in sodium hydroxide for several hours (which roughens the surface) followed by spin coating a layer of perfluorononane to a thickness of 2 nanometers. WikipediaNaming In Chemistry, hydrophobicity (from the combining form of water in Attic Greek hydro- and for fear phobos) refers to the physical property of Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Spin coating is a procedure used to apply uniform Thin films to flat substrates In short an excess amount of a solution is placed on the substrate which is then rotated A nanometre ( American spelling: nanometer, symbol nm) ( Greek: νάνος nanos dwarf; μετρώ metrό count) is a [8] This procedure increases the water contact angle from 67° to 168°, an effect that can be explained by Cassie's law. The contact angle is the Angle at which a Liquid / Vapor interface meets the solid surface Cassie's law describes the effective Contact angle θ c for a liquid on a composite surface. Electron microscopy shows that the aluminium surface resembles that of a lotus surface, with a porous microstructure containing trapped air. An electron microscope is a type of Microscope that uses Electrons to illuminate a specimen and create an enlarged image Microstructure refers to the microscopic description of the individual constituents of a Material. Any surface treatment that creates micro or nano scale roughness with features having a height to width ratio greater than one that is subsequently coated with a thin hydrohobic coating will exhibit the Lotus effect.
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Commercial uses
Clothing that repels water has already been developed and marketed by brands such as Gap and Dockers; it uses a fabric named Nano-Care[9]. Water repelling glass panels have also been brought onto the market for use on the roofs of conservatories. A conservatory is a Glass and Metal structure traditionally found in the Garden of a large house StoCoat Lotusan is an exterior coating (paint) that mimics the microstructure of the lotus leaf surface, gaining similar water-repellent and self-cleaning properties, termed the Lotus-Effect. Paint is any Liquid, liquifiable or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque Solid Water does not adhere to the surface, but rolls off the paint, picking up and washing away debris in the process. By remaining dry, the coating also resists mold, mildew, and algae. Though hydrophobic, the coating is highly permeable to water vapor. [10] Lotus effect superhydrophobic coatings applied to microwave antennas can significantly reduce rain fade and the buildup of ice and snow. In Chemistry, hydrophobicity (from the combining form of water in Attic Greek hydro- and for fear phobos) refers to the physical property of Rain fade refers primarily to the absorption of a Microwave Radio Frequency (RF signal by atmospheric rain snow or ice and losses are especially prevalent
See also
External links
- Animation of the lotus effect: LotuseffectAnimation.ogg
- International Space University: http://lotus-shower.isunet.edu/the_lotus_effect.htm
- University of Bonn: http://www.lotus-effekt.de/en/lotus_effect_html.html
References
- ^ Barthlott, W. Biomimicry (from Bios, meaning life and mimesis, meaning to imitate is a relatively new science that studies Nature, its models systems processes and & C. Neinhuis, 1997: The purity of sacred lotus or escape from contamination in biological surfaces, Planta 202: 1-8.
- ^ Is the lotus leaf superhydrophobic?; Cheng, Y T, Rodak, D E; Appl. Phys. Lett.; 2005; 86 (14) pp 144101
- ^ Water condensation on a super-hydrophobic spike surface Narhe, R. Applied Physics Letters is a weekly Peer-reviewed Scientific journal published by the American Institute of Physics devoted to the publication of new experimental D. , Beysens, D. A. Europhys. Lett. ; 2006; 75 (1) pp 98-104
- ^ Mimicking nature: Physical basis and artificial synthesis of the Lotus effect; Lai, S. C. S. [1]
- ^ Forbes, Peter (4th Estate, London 2005) The Gecko's Foot - Bio Inspiration: Engineered from Nature ISBN 0-00-717990-1 in H/B
- ^ Professor and the director of the Nees-Institue for Biodiversity in Bonn, Germany
- ^ Biomimetics, Design by Nature National Geographic Magazine Tom Mueller April 2008 p. The National Geographic Magazine is the official journal of the National Geographic Society. 68
- ^ Stable Biomimetic Super-Hydrophobic Engineering Materials Zhiguang Guo, Feng Zhou, Jingcheng Hao, and Weimin Liu J. Am. Chem. Soc.; 2005; 127(45) pp 15670 - 15671; (Communication) DOI: 10. The Journal of the American Chemical Society (usually abbreviated as J 1021/ja0547836 Abstract Electron microscopy
- ^ Nanotech advances nanew fabric. Retrieved on 2008-02-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation
- ^ lotusanpage
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