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Lothair I
Holy Roman Emperor and King of Italy
Reign As Emperor: 817-855;
As King of Italy: 818-855
As King of Middle Francia: 843-855
Coronation By his father: 817, Aix-la-Chapelle;
By Pope Paschal I: 5 April 823, Rome
Born 795
Died 29 September 855
Place of death Prüm
Buried Prüm
Predecessor Louis the Pious
Louis II, Lothair II, Charles of Provence
Successor Louis II
Consort Ermengarde of Tours
Issue Louis II, Lothair II, Charles of Provence
Royal House Carolingian Dynasty
Father Louis the Pious
Mother Ermengarde of Hesbaye

Lothair I (German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 – 29 September 855), king of Italy (818 – 855) and Holy Roman Emperor (840 – 855), was the eldest son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman, duke of Hesbaye. Events By Place Europe Louis the Pious divides his empire among his sons Louis the German becomes king of East Francia ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, Pope Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Events By Place Byzantine Empire Crete is conquered from the Byzantines by the Saracens. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Events By Place Europe In the earliest recorded Viking raid on Ireland, they attack Iona, Inisbofin and Inismurray Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor Prüm (ˈpʁʏm is a medium sized city in the Westeifel ( Rhineland-Palatinate) Germany. Prüm (ˈpʁʏm is a medium sized city in the Westeifel ( Rhineland-Palatinate) Germany. Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death Lothair II ( 835 - August 8, 869) was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. Charles of Provence (845 &ndash 24 January 863) was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863 Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death Ermengarde of Tours (Irmingard von Tours (died 20 March 851 was the wife of Emperor Lothair I of the Franks Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death Lothair II ( 835 - August 8, 869) was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. Charles of Provence (845 &ndash 24 January 863) was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863 The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Ermengarde of Hesbaye, or Irmengarde (c 778 &ndash October 3 818) was Queen of the Franks and Holy Roman Empress as the wife of Emperor Louis I. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Events By Place Europe In the earliest recorded Viking raid on Ireland, they attack Iona, Inisbofin and Inismurray Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor Events By Place Asia The State of Je falls to the Tang - Silla Alliance Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Events By Place Europe After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Lothar, Charles the Bald and Louis the German Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Ermengarde of Hesbaye, or Irmengarde (c 778 &ndash October 3 818) was Queen of the Franks and Holy Roman Empress as the wife of Emperor Louis I. Ingerman, or Ingram was a Frank and count of Hesbaye. His family is known as Robertians. Hesbaye (Latinized as Hesbania in medieval documents modern French Hesbaye, modern Dutch Haspengouw) is the region in the south of the Belgian Limburg He lead his full-brothers Pippin I of Aquitaine and Louis the German in revolt against their father on several occasions, in protest against his attempts to make their half-brother Charles the Bald a co-heir to the Frankish domains; the consequent struggles between the brothers would lead to the break up of the Empire, and would lay the foundation for the development of modern France and Germany. Pepin I (797 &ndash December 13, 838) was King of Aquitaine. He was the second son of Emperor Louis the Pious and his first wife Louis (also Ludwig or Lewis) the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian) (806 &ndash August 28, 876 Charles the Bald ( 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) Holy Roman Emperor (875–877 as Charles II) and King of West Francia

Little is known of his early life, which was probably passed at the court of his grandfather Charlemagne. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Shortly after the accession of his father, he was sent to govern Bavaria. He first comes to historical attention in 817, when Louis the Pious drew up his Ordinatio Imperii. In this, Louis designated Lothair as his principal heir, to whom his younger brothers Pippin of Aquitaine and Louis the German, as well as his cousin Bernard of Italy, would be subject after the death of their father; he would also inherit their lands if they were to die childless. Bernard (797 Vermandois, Normandy – 17 April 818, Milan, Lombardy) was the King of Italy from 810 to Lothair was then crowned joint emperor by his father at Aix-la-Chapelle. ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, At the same time, Aquitaine and Bavaria were granted to his brothers Pippin and Louis respectively as subsidiary kingdoms. Following the murder of Bernard, King of Italy, by Louis the Pious, Lothair also received the Kingdom of Italy. In 821, he married Ermengarde (d. Events By Place Asia Tang Mu Zong becomes emperor of China. Births Deaths Ermengarde of Tours (Irmingard von Tours (died 20 March 851 was the wife of Emperor Lothair I of the Franks 851), daughter of Hugh, count of Tours. Events By Place Europe Vikings plunder London and Canterbury. Hugh or Hugo (c780 &ndash 20 October 837) was the Count of Tours and Sens during the reigns of Charlemagne and Louis The counts of Tours were the medieval feudal suzerains ruling over the region of Touraine in France with their capital at Tours. In 822, he assumed the government of Italy, and at Easter, 5 April 823, he was crowned emperor again by Pope Paschal I, this time at Rome. Events By Place Europe Abd-ar-rahman II becomes ruler of Umayyad Spain. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop Events By Place Byzantine Empire Crete is conquered from the Byzantines by the Saracens. Pope Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

In November 824, he promulgated a statute concerning the relations of pope and emperor which reserved the supreme power to the secular potentate, and he afterwards issued various ordinances for the good government of Italy. Events By Place Europe Third Battle of Roncevaux Pass: The Basques and Banu Qasi defeat counts Eblo and Aznar Frankish

On his return to his father's court his step-mother Judith won his consent to her plan for securing a kingdom for her son Charles, a scheme which was carried out in 829, when the young prince was given Alemannia as king. Queen Judith or Iudit ( 805 - April 19 or 23 843 also known as Judith of Bavaria, was the daughter of Count Welf and a Saxon Charles the Bald ( 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) Holy Roman Emperor (875–877 as Charles II) and King of West Francia Events By Place Europe Egbert of Wessex conquers Mercia and is recognized as Bretwalda. Alamannia or Alemannia was the territory inhabited by the Alamanni after they broke through the Roman limes in 213 Lothair, however, soon changed his attitude and spent the succeeding decade in constant strife over the division of the Empire with his father. He was alternately master of the Empire, and banished and confined to Italy, at one time taking up arms in alliance with his brothers and at another fighting against them, whilst the bounds of his appointed kingdom were in turn extended and reduced.

The first rebellion began in 830. Events By Place Europe Earliest date of composition for the Historia Brittonum, attributed to Nennius, and known for All three brothers fought their father, whom they deposed. In 831, he was reinstated and he deprived Lothair of his imperial title and gave Italy to the young Charles. Events By Place Europe Malamir succeeds Omurtag as Khan of Bulgaria. The second rebellion was instigated by Angilbert II, Archbishop of Milan, in 833, and again Louis was deposed and reinstated the next year (834). Events By Place Asia Al-Mu'tasim succeeds his brother Al-Ma'mun as Abbasid Caliph. Events By Place Europe The Vikings first raid Dorestad (present-day Netherlands) Lothair, through the loyalty of the Lombards and later reconcilitions, retained Italy and the imperial position through all remaining divisions of the Empire by his father.

When Louis the Pious was dying in 840, he sent the imperial insignia to Lothair, who, disregarding the various partitions, claimed the whole of the Empire. Negotiations with his brother Louis the German and his half-brother Charles, both of whom armed to resist this claim, were followed by an alliance of the younger brothers against Lothair. A decisive battle was fought at Fontenay-en-Puisaye on 25 June 841, when, in spite of his and his allied nephew Pepin II of Aquitaine's personal gallantry, Lothair was defeated and fled to Aachen. Contention over the division of the Carolingian Empire between the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious culminated in the decisive Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Events By Place Europe June 25 - Battle of Fontenay: Louis the German and Charles the Bald defeat Pepin II, called the Younger (823 &ndash after 864 in Senlis) was King of Aquitaine from 838 as the successor upon the death of his father Pepin With fresh troops he began a war of plunder, but the forces of his brothers were too strong for him, and taking with him such treasure as he could collect, he abandoned to them his capital. He met with the leaders of the Stellinga in Speyer and promised them his support in return for theirs, but Louis and then the native Saxon nobility put down the Stellinga in the next years. The Stellinga ("companions comrades" was a movement of frilingi and lazzi, the lower two of the three Saxon Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx

Peace negotiations began, and in June 842 the brothers met on an island in the Saône, and agreed to an arrangement which developed, after much difficulty and delay, into the Treaty of Verdun signed in August 843. Events By Place Europe February 14 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German sign a treaty The Saône (son ( Sona in Arpitan) is a River of eastern France. In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne 's grandsons divided his territories the Carolingian By this, Lothair received the imperial title as well as northern Italy and a long stretch of territory from the North Sea to the Mediterranean, essentially along the valleys of the Rhine and the Rhone. The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Rhone, or the Rhône is one of the major Rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France. He soon left Italy to his eldest son, Louis, and remained in his new kingdom, engaging in alternate quarrels and reconciliations with his brothers and in futile efforts to defend his lands from the attacks of the Northmen (as Vikings were known in Frankish writings) and the Saracens. Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam.

In 855, he became seriously ill and, despairing of recovery, renounced the throne, divided his lands between his three sons, and on September 23, entered the monastery of Prüm, where he died six days later. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Prüm (ˈpʁʏm is a medium sized city in the Westeifel ( Rhineland-Palatinate) Germany. He was buried at Prüm, where his remains were found in 1860. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting

His kingdom was divided among his three sons — the eldest, Louis II, received Italy and the title of Emperor; the second, Lothair II, received Lotharingia; while the youngest, Charles, received Provence. Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death Lothair II ( 835 - August 8, 869) was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. --> Lotharingia or Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in Charles of Provence (845 &ndash 24 January 863) was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863 Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France

Family

Carolingian dynasty
Pippinids
  • Pippin the Elder (c. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the The Pippinids or Arnulfings are the members of a family of Frankish nobles whose select scions served as Mayor of the Palace, de facto rulers of the Frankish kingdoms Pepin (also Peppin, Pipin, or Pippin) of Landen (c 580 &ndash 27 February 640) also called the Elder or 580–640)
  • Grimoald (616–656)
  • Childebert the Adopted (d. Grimoald I (616-656 called the Elder (in French, Grimaud) was the Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia from 643 to 656 When King Sigebert III died in 656 Grimoald the Elder had Sigebert's son Dagobert II shorn of hair and packed off to an Irish Monastery and 662)
Arnulfings
  • Arnulf of Metz (582–640)
  • Chlodulf of Metz (d. The Pippinids or Arnulfings are the members of a family of Frankish nobles whose select scions served as Mayor of the Palace, de facto rulers of the Frankish kingdoms Saint Arnulf of Metz was born of an important Frankish family at an uncertain date around 582 Saint Chlodulf ( Clodulphe or Clodould) or more commonly Saint Cloud (605 &ndash June 8, 696 or June 8, 697, 696 or 697)
  • Ansegisel (c. Ansegisel (also Ansgise) (also Ansegus) (also Anchises) (c 602 or 610 &ndash murdered before 679 or 662 was the son of Saint Arnulf, 602–before 679)
  • Pippin the Middle (c. Pepin (also Pippin, Pipin, or Peppin) of Herstal (c 635 &ndash 16 December 714) was the Mayor of the Palace 635–714)
  • Grimoald II (d. Grimoald II ( French: Grimaud; died 714 called the Younger, was the Mayor of the palace of Neustria from 695 714)
  • Drogo of Champagne (670–708)
  • Theudoald (d. Drogo (670&ndash708 son of Pepin the Middle and Plectrude, was the duke of Champagne by appointment of his father in 690 and duke of Burgundy Theudoald or Theodald was the Mayor of the palace, briefly unopposed in 714 until Ragenfrid was acclaimed in Neustria and 714)
Carolingians
  • Charles Martel (686–741)
  • Carloman (d. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Charles "The Hammer" Martel (Carolus Martellus Charles "the Hammer" (ca Carloman (between 706 and 716 &ndash 17 August 754 was the eldest son of Charles Martel, Major domo or Mayor of the palace and duke 754)
  • Pepin the Short (714–768)
  • Carloman I (751–771)
  • Charlemagne (d. Pepin or Pippin (714 &ndash 24 September 768) called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was Carloman I ( 28 June, 751 – December 4, 771) was the King of the Franks from 768 until his death in 771 Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his 814)
  • Louis the Pious (778–840)
After the Treaty of Verdun (843)

He married Ermengarde of Tours, who died in 851. Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne 's grandsons divided his territories the Carolingian Lothair I ( German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 &ndash 29 September 855) Middle Francia designates the realm created for Emperor Lothair I (843-855 wedged between East Francia and West Francia. Charles the Bald ( 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) Holy Roman Emperor (875–877 as Charles II) and King of West Francia West Francia or the West Frankish Kingdom was a short-lived kingdom encompassing the lands of the western part of the Carolingian Empire that came under the undisputed Louis (also Ludwig or Lewis) the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian) (806 &ndash August 28, 876 East ( ern) Francia ( Regnum Francorum orientalium) known variously as Francia Orientalis or the Kingdom of the East Franks, was the Ermengarde of Tours (Irmingard von Tours (died 20 March 851 was the wife of Emperor Lothair I of the Franks Events By Place Europe Vikings plunder London and Canterbury. The last of his nine children are illegitimate.

References

See also

Emperor Lothair I
Died: 23 September 855
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Bernard of Italy		 King of Italy
818 – 23 September 855
with Emperor Louis II (844-855)		 Succeeded by
Emperor Louis II
Preceded by
Louis the Pious
as Emperor and King of the Franks		 Holy Roman Emperor
817 – 23 September 855
with Louis the Pious (817-840)
Emperor Louis II (850-855)
King of Middle Francia
843 – 23 September 855		 Succeeded by
Lothair II
as King of Lotharingia
Succeeded by
Charles
as King of Provence
--> Lotharingia or Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Bernard (797 Vermandois, Normandy – 17 April 818, Milan, Lombardy) was the King of Italy from 810 to Events By Place Asia The State of Je falls to the Tang - Silla Alliance Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Louis II the Younger (825 &ndash 12 August 875) was the King of Italy from 844 and then Emperor from 855 until his death The Franks were originally led by dukes (military leaders and reguli (petty kings Events By Place Europe The Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Events By Place Europe Louis II succeeds Lothar as Western Emperor Lothair II ( 835 - August 8, 869) was the second son of Emperor Lothair I and Ermengarde of Tours. Charles of Provence (845 &ndash 24 January 863) was the Carolingian King of Provence from 855 until his early death in 863
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