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Unlined section of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, just south of Manzanar, near US Highway 395. Photo courtesy of Gann Matsuda
Unlined section of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, just south of Manzanar, near US Highway 395. Manzanar is most widely known as the site of one of ten camps where over 110000 Japanese Americans were imprisoned during World War II. Photo courtesy of Gann Matsuda
The Los Angeles Aqueduct in Antelope Valley
The Los Angeles Aqueduct in Antelope Valley
The Cascades of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, near Sylmar
The Cascades of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, near Sylmar
Two Caterpillar steam tractors pulling a long wagon train during construction of the L.A. Aqueduct in 1909
Two Caterpillar steam tractors pulling a long wagon train during construction of the L. The Antelope Valley in California, United States is located in northern Los Angeles County and the southeastern portion of Kern County Sylmar is a district in the San Fernando Valley region of the City of Los Angeles California. A. Aqueduct in 1909

There are two Los Angeles Aqueducts, the First Los Angeles Aqueduct (or the Owens Valley aqueduct) (completed 1913) and the Second Los Angeles Aqueduct (completed 1970). [1]

Contents

First Los Angeles Aqueduct

The original Los Angeles Aqueduct was designed by William Mulholland (an Irish immigrant who became a self-taught engineer and head of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power) to deliver water from the Owens River near Independence, California, to the city of Los Angeles, California. An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another William Mulholland ( September 11 1855 &ndash July 22 1935) was a water-services Engineer in Southern California, The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP is the largest municipal utility in the United States, serving over 4 million residents as of 2008 The Owens River is a River in eastern California in the United States, approximately long Independence is a Census-designated place and the County seat of Inyo County California. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

The project began in 1905 with a budget of $24. 5 million. [2] With 5,000 workers employed in its construction, the Los Angeles Aqueduct was finished in 1913. It consisted of 223 miles of 12-foot steel pipe, 120 miles of railroad track, 2 hydroelectric plants, 170 miles of power lines, 240 miles of telephone line, a cement plant, and 500 miles of roads. [3] The aqueduct used gravity to carry the water, so it was relatively autonomous and cost-efficient. [4] Apart from the catastrophic failure of the St. Francis Dam in 1928 that flooded the Santa Clarita Valley and parts of Ventura County (resulting in disgrace and financial ruin for Mulholland),[5] and an incident of sabotage by displaced Owens Valley farmers a few years previously,[6] the aqueduct system has worked well throughout its history, and is still in use. The St Francis Dam was a Concrete gravity-arch Dam, designed to create a reservoir as part of the Los Angeles Aqueduct. The Santa Clarita Valley is the valley of the Santa Clara River in Southern California. Ventura County is a county in the southern part of the US state of California ( Southern California) Owens Valley is the arid valley of the Owens River in southeastern California in the United States.

The construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct effectively ended the development of the Owens Valley as a farming community and devastated the ecosystem of Owens Lake. Owens Lake is a large Dry lake in eastern California 's Owens Valley, located about south of Lone Pine California. [7] Mulholland and his associates, including Los Angeles Times publisher, Harrison Gray Otis have often been criticized for using deceptive tactics to obtain Bureau of Reclamation rights to the Owens River's flow. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Harrison Gray Otis ( 10 February 1837 &ndash July 30, 1917) was the second publisher of the Los Angeles Times The Bureau of Reclamation (formerly the United States Reclamation Service) is an agency under the U The Owens River is a River in eastern California in the United States, approximately long [8] However, the aqueduct's water was crucial in the development of Los Angeles, and Mulholland's role in this expansion is recognized.

Second Los Angeles Aqueduct

The second Los Angeles Aqueduct added transport capacity in order to exhaust the city's water rights permits from the Mono Basin. The Mono Basin is an Endorheic basin located East of Yosemite National Park in California, United States. It starts at the Haiwee Reservoir, just south of Owens Lake. Owens Lake is a large Dry lake in eastern California 's Owens Valley, located about south of Lone Pine California. Running roughly in parallel to the first aqueduct, it carries water 137 miles. It cost 89 million dollars and was completed in 1970. [9]

See also

References

  1. ^ The Story of the Los Angeles Aqueduct. The California Water Wars describes the disputes between Los Angeles, California and the Owens Valley over Water rights The disputes The California Aqueduct is a 444  Mile  (715  km)-long Aqueduct in the United States
  2. ^ A Hundred or a Thousand Fold More Important.
  3. ^ Mulholland, Catherine (2002). William Mulholland and the Rise of Los Angeles. University of California Press, 141–158.  
  4. ^ "The Owens Valley Is the Only Source".
  5. ^ Orsi, Jared (2004). Hazardous Metropolis: Los Angeles, Floods, and Urban Ecology. University of California Press, 69–72.  
  6. ^ Henderson, George (1999). California and the Fictions of Capital. Oxford University Press, 102.  
  7. ^ Henderson, George. California and the Fictions of Capital, 199–201.  
  8. ^ Arax, Mark and King, Peter H. "A Dynasty, A City" (PDF), Los Angeles Times, 2006-03-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2007-11-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani  
  9. ^ A Second Aqueduct.

External links

The Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP is the largest municipal utility in the United States, serving over 4 million residents as of 2008 For other universities known as American University see American University (disambiguation.
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