Citizendia

Flag of a Lord Lieutenant
Flag of a Lord Lieutenant

The title Lord Lieutenant is given to the British monarch's personal representatives in the United Kingdom, usually in a county or similar circumscription, with varying tasks throughout history. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Usually a retired local notable, senior military officer, peer or business person is given the post honorarily. The Peerage is a system of Titles of Nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. Both men and women are eligible for the post. The office can be considered viceregal, but not equivalent to that of a Governor-General, as Lord Lieutenants have virtually no role in local government, nor are they responsible for promulgating local ordinances in the monarch's name. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. The term governor general or governor-general refers to a vice-regal representative of a Monarch in an independent realm or a major colonial circonscription

Contents

Origins

England and Wales

In England and Wales and in Ireland, the lord lieutenant was the principal officer of his county. His creation dates from the Tudors.

Lieutenants were first appointed to a number of English historic counties by Henry VIII in the 1540s, when the military functions of the sheriff were handed over to him. The historic counties of England are ancient subdivisions of England. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of SHERIFF is a telecom fraud detection and management system originally developed by BT and MCI. He raised and was responsible for the efficiency of the local militia units of the county, and afterwards of the yeomanry, and volunteers. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service Yeomanry is a designation used by a number of units or sub-units of the British Territorial Army, descended from volunteer Cavalry regiments He was commander of these forces, whose officers he appointed. These commissions were originally of temporary duration, and only when the situation required the local militia to be specially supervised and well prepared — often where invasion by Scotland or France might be expected. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Lieutenancies became more organised soon, probably in the reign of his successor Edward VI, their establishment being approved by the English parliament in 1550. Edward VI (12 October 1537 &ndash 6 July 1553 became King of England and Ireland on 28 January 1547 and was crowned on 20 February at the age of nine However, it was not until the threat of invasion by the forces of Spain in 1585 that lieutenants were appointed to all counties and counties corporate and became in effect permanent. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. A county corporate or corporate county was a form of Local government in England, Ireland and Wales. Although some counties were left without lieutenants during the 1590s, following the defeat of the Spanish Armada, the office continued to exist, and was retained by James I even after the end of the war against Spain in 1604. The Spanish Armada ( Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, "Great and Most Fortunate Navy" or Armada Invencible, "Invincible

The official title of the office at this time was His or Her Majesty's lieutenant for the county of x, but as almost all office-holders were peers they were referred to as "lord lieutenant".

Ireland

An Act to make the Militia of this Kingdom more useful (Geo 2, C. 9) was passed by the Parliament of Ireland in 1715. The Parliament of Ireland (Irish Parlaimint na hEireann) was a Legislature that existed from mediæval times until 1800. This provided for the issuing of commissions to appoint persons as "his Majesty's lieutenant or lieutenants, governor or governors, and commissioners of array for the several and respective counties, cities, and places of Ireland". The lieutenants were empowered to embody militia regiments.

Scotland

The Royal Standard of Scotland - flown by Lord Lieutenants in their Lieutenancies.
The Royal Standard of Scotland - flown by Lord Lieutenants in their Lieutenancies. The Royal Standard of Scotland, also known as the Royal Standard of the King of Scots or more commonly the Lion Rampant was the flag used historically by the

Although lieutenants were appointed to a few counties from about 1715, it was not until 1794 that permanent lieutenancies were established by Royal Warrant. History The earliest recorded British Royal Charter was granted to the Weavers’ Company in 1155 by Henry II of England. By the Militia Act 1797,[1] the lieutenants appointed "for the Counties, Stewartries, Cities, and Places" were given powers to raise and command county militia units.

While in their Lieutenancies, Lord Lieutenants are among some of the few individuals in Scotland officially permitted to fly the banner of the Royal Arms of Scotland, or Lion Rampant as it is more commonly known. The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland was the official Coat of arms of the monarchs of Scotland, and were used as the official coat of arms of the Kingdom of The Royal Standard of Scotland, also known as the Royal Standard of the King of Scots or more commonly the Lion Rampant was the flag used historically by the

19th century

The Militia Act 1802[2] provided for the appointment of lieutenants to "Lieutenants for the Counties, Ridings, and Places" in England and Wales, and gave them command of the county militia. In the case of towns or cities which were counties of themselves, the "chief magistrate" (meaning the mayor, chief bailiff or other head of the corporation) had the authority to appoint deputy lieutenants in the absence of an appointment of a lieutenant by the crown. A county corporate or corporate county was a form of Local government in England, Ireland and Wales.

The Regulation of the Forces Act 1871[3] removed the lord-lieutenant as head of the county militia, as the jurisdiction, duties and command exercised by the lord lieutenant were revested in the crown, but the power of recommending for first appointments was reserved to the lord lieutenant.

The Militia Act 1882[4] revested the jurisdiction of the lieutenants in the crown.

The lieutenancies were reestablished on a new basis by Section 29 of the 1882 Act which stated that "Her Majesty shall from time to time appoint lieutenants for the several counties in the United Kingdom". Counties for lieutenancy purposes were also redefined as "a county at large, with the exception that each riding of the county of York shall be a separate county". Yorkshire is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in Great Britain. This meant that the lieutenancies for the majority of counties corporate in England were henceforth to be held jointly with their associated county - for example a lieutenant was now appointed for "the County of Gloucester, and the City and County of Gloucester, and the City and County of City of Bristol". England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland These lieutenancies had previously been generally held by the mayor of the city or borough corporation. The one exception was Haverfordwest, to which a lieutenant was appointed until 1974. Haverfordwest (Hwlffordd is the County town of Pembrokeshire, in south-west Wales.

The Constable of the Tower of London and the Warden of the Cinque Ports were to continue to be the lord-lieutenants for the Tower Hamlets and Cinque Ports respectively, which were to be regarded as counties for lieutenancy purposes. The Constable of the Tower of London is the governor of the Tower of London. The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports is a ceremonial official in the United Kingdom. The Tower Division was a liberty, a historical form of local government in the ancient county of Middlesex, England. Cinque Ports is also the name of a 1703 Galleon (ship The Confederation of Cinque Ports (sɪŋk pɔrts is a historic series of coastal

From 1889 lieutenancy counties in England and Wales were to correspond to groupings of administrative counties and county boroughs established by the Local Government Act 1888. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict c 41 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1888 and established County councils and County borough The creation of a new County of London also led to the ending of the Tower Hamlets lieutenancy. The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965 The Tower Division was a liberty, a historical form of local government in the ancient county of Middlesex, England. The Act also extinguished the lieutenancy of the Cinque Ports.

Section 69 of the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 realigned the lieutenancy counties with the new administrative counties created by the Act. The Local Government (Ireland Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict c 37 is a piece of legislation passed as an Act of Parliament by the Parliament of the United Kingdom The one exception was County Tipperary, which although administered by two county councils, was to remain united for lieutenancy. County Tipperary (Contae Thiobraid Árann is a County in Ireland situated in the Province of Munster. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. In contrast to the legislation in England and Wales, each county borough was to have its own lieutenant, and those counties corporate not made county boroughs were abolished. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City A county corporate or corporate county was a form of Local government in England, Ireland and Wales. The effect of this was to create a Lord Lieutenant for the county boroughs of Belfast and Londonderry, and to abolish those for the City of Kilkenny, borough of Drogheda and town of Galway. This is a list of people who have served as Lord-Lieutenant of Belfast. Kilkenny, ( is a city and county town of County Kilkenny in Ireland. Drogheda (ˈdrɒhədə ˈdrɔːdə ( Droichead Átha in Irish, meaning "Bridge of the Ford" is an industrial and port town in County Louth on Galway (Gaillimh is the only city in the province of Connacht in Ireland.

The office of lord lieutenant was honorary, and held during the royal pleasure, but virtually for life. Appointment to the office is by letters-patent under the great seal. Usually, though not necessarily, the person appointed lord lieutenant was also appointed custos rotulorum or keeper of the rolls. Custos rotulorum (pl custodes rotulorum) Latin for "keeper of the rolls" the keeper of the English county records is by virtue of that office the highest Appointments to the county bench of magistrates were usually made on the recommendation of the lord lieutenant. A Bench can be a Metonymy, served from the sitting Bench (furniture, not unlike some uses of chair and seat for certain groups of people metonymically associated A magistrate is a judicial officer In Common law systems a magistrate usually has limited authority to administer and enforce the Law.

20th century

The Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907[5] established County Territorial Force Associations, of which the lord-lieutenant was to be head, styled president of the county association. The Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 (7 Edw7 c9 was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the reserve forces of the British It restated the combination of counties and county corporates as lieutenancy counties.

In 1921, with the establishment of Northern Ireland, lord-lieutenants continued to be appointed through the Governor of Northern Ireland to the six counties and two county boroughs. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The Governor of Northern Ireland was the principal officer and representative in Northern Ireland of the British monarch. The creation of the Irish Free State in the following year saw the remaining county lieutenancies in Ireland abolished. The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world In 1973 the counties and county boroughs were abolished as local government units in Northern Ireland, and Lord-lieutenants are now appointed directly by the Queen to "counties and county boroughs. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of . . as defined for local government purposes immediately before 1 October 1973". Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. In 1975 the term lord-lieutenant officially replaced that of lieutenant. [6][7]

Local Government reform in England in 1965 led to the appointment of lord-lieutenants to Greater London[8] and Huntingdon and Peterborough, and the abolition of those of the County of London, Middlesex and Huntingdonshire. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. Huntingdon and Peterborough was a short-lived Administrative county in East Anglia in the United Kingdom. The County of London was a ceremonial county and administrative county of England from 1889 to 1965 Middlesex is one of the 39 historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. History The earliest English settlers in the district were the Gyrwas, an East Anglian tribe who early in the 6th century worked their way up the Ouse and the Cam

A more fundamental reform of local government throughout England and Wales (outside Greater London) created a new structure of metropolitan, non-metroplitan and Welsh counties in 1974. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. Section 218 of the Local Government Act 1972 that established the new system stated: "Her Majesty shall appoint a lord-lieutenant for each county in England and Wales and for Greater London. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales . . " The Act appears to be the first statutory use of the term "lord-lieutenant" for lieutenants to counties.

Existing lord lieutenants were assigned to one of the corresponding new counties wherever possible. Where this could not be done, the existing office-holder became a lieutenant of a county, junior to the lord-lieutenant. For example, the Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Powys, with those of Breconshire and Radnorshire each being designated as simply "Lieutenant of Powys". The following is a list of people that have held the title of Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire. This is an incomplete list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant for Powys. This measure was temporary, and no lieutenants have been appointed in this way since 1974, although the power still exists.

In 1975 counties ceased to be used for local government purposes in Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 replaced the counties with regions, and each region was to have one or more lord-lieutenants appointed. The Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 (1973 c 65 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in Scotland [9] The areas to which they were appointed approximated to the counties and were based and were defined in terms of the new local government districts.

Present day

The Lieutenancy areas of the United Kingdom
The Lieutenancy areas of the United Kingdom

In 1996 Scottish regions and districts were abolished on further local government reorganisation, and since that date lord-lieutenants have been appointed to lieutenancy areas. Lieutenancy areas are the separate areas of the United Kingdom appointed a Lord Lieutenant - the representative of the British monarch. The Lieutenancy areas of Scotland are the areas used for the ceremonial lord-lieutenants, the monarch 's representatives in Scotland. [10]

Partial reform of local government in England since 1995 has led to the creation of so-called ceremonial counties to which lord-lieutenants are now appointed. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The ceremonial counties are areas of England that are appointed a Lord-Lieutenant, and are defined by the government as the Counties for the purposes of the Lieutenancies The Lieutenancies Act 1997 is the most recent piece of primary legislation dealing with Lieutenancies in England and includes the definitive list of the current areas used. The Lieutenancies Act 1997 (1997 c 23 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that defines areas that Lord-Lieutenants are appointed to in Ceremonial counties may comprise combinations of county council areas and unitary authorities. [11]

Since the local government re-organisation of 1996 in Wales, lord-lieutenants are now appointed to preserved counties. The Preserved counties of Wales are the current areas used in Wales for ceremonial purposes such as Lieutenancy. [12]

The City of London was unaffected by changes introduced since 1882. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically It has a Commission of Lieutenancy rather than a single Lord-Lieutenant. The Head of the Commission is the Lord Mayor of the City of London. The Right Honourable Lord Mayor of London is the legal title for the Mayor of (and head of the City of London Corporation.

Lord-lieutenants are the monarch's representatives in their lieutenancy. It is their foremost duty to uphold the dignity of the Crown, and in so doing they seek to promote a spirit of co-operation and good atmosphere by the time they give to voluntary and benevolent organisations and by the interest they take in the business and social life of their counties.

The modern responsibilities of lord-lieutenants include:

As the sovereign's representative in his or her county, the Lord-Lieutenant remains non-political nor holds office in any political party. The customary age of retirement is 75. They are appointed for life, although the sovereign may remove them.

The Lord-Lieutenant is supported by a Vice Lord-Lieutenant and Deputy Lieutenants which he or she appoints. The Vice Lord-Lieutenant takes over when the Lord-Lieutenant is abroad, ill or otherwise incapacitated. The Lord-Lieutenant appoints between 30 to 40 Deputy Lieutenants depending on the county's population size.

They are unpaid, but receive minimal allowances for secretarial help, mileage allowance and a driver. Male Lord-Lieutenants receive an allowance for the ceremonial uniform, worn when receiving members of the royal family and on other formal occasions.

There is no uniform for a female Lord-Lieutenant, but there is a badge which can be worn on ceremonial occasions. Male Lord-Lieutenants wear a dark blue uniform in the style of an Army No. 1 dress along with a cap and sword with a steel scabbard. The British Army uniform developed along roughly the same lines as Uniforms in other European armies The uniform for a male Vice Lord-Lieutenant and Deputy Lieutenants is of a similar style, but with features to distinguish it from a Lord-Lieutenant.

Lord Lieutenant of Ireland

The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was the head of the British administration in Ireland until the foundation of the Irish Free State in 1922. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (Ard-Leifteanant na hÉireann ( Plural: Lords Lieutenant) also known as the Judiciar in the early Mediaeval period Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by

Correct forms of address for the Lord-Lieutenant

See also

Sources and external links

References

  1. ^ Militia Act 1797 (37 Geo. 3, C. 103)
  2. ^ Militia Act 1802 (1802 c. 90)
  3. ^ Regulation of the Forces Act 1871 (1871 c. 86) section 6
  4. ^ Militia Act 1882 (1881 c. 49) section 5
  5. ^ Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907(7 Edw. 7 C. 9)
  6. ^ Northern Ireland Constitution Act 1973 (1973 c. 36) section 36(5)
  7. ^ The Northern Ireland (Lieutenancy) Order 1975 S. I. 1975/156
  8. ^ Administration of Justice Act 1964 (1964 c. 2) section 18
  9. ^ The Lord-Lieutenants Order 1975 (1975/428)
  10. ^ The Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996, Statutory Instrument 1996 No. 731 (S.83).
  11. ^ Lieutenancies Act 1997 (1997 c.23)
  12. ^ Preserved Counties (Amendment to Boundaries) (Wales) Order 2003
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