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Alfred Douglas

from a photo he gave to Wilde in 1894
Born October 22, 1870(1870-10-22)
Worcestershire, England, UK
Died March 20, 1945 (aged 74)
St. Andrews, Scotland, UK
Occupation Poet
Nationality British

Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas (22 October 1870 – 20 March 1945) was a poet, a translator and a prose writer, better known as the intimate friend and lover of the writer Oscar Wilde. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar St Andrews (Cill Rìmhinn is a Town and former Royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation For the Wikipedia guideline regarding editing articles see WikipediaManual of Style. Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Much of his early poetry was Uranian in theme, though he tended, later in life, to distance himself from both Wilde's influence and his own role as a Uranian poet. This article refers to a historical concept of sexual identity The Uranians were a small and somewhat clandestine group of male English Pederastic Poets a group writing between 1858 (when William Johnson Cory published

Contents

Early life and background

The 9th Marquess of Queensberry
The 9th Marquess of Queensberry

The third son of John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry and of his first wife, the former Sibyl Montgomery, Douglas was born at Ham Hill House in Worcestershire. John Sholto Douglas 9th Marquess of Queensberry GCVO ( 20 July 1844 &ndash 31 January 1900) was a Scottish nobleman remembered John Sholto Douglas 9th Marquess of Queensberry GCVO ( 20 July 1844 &ndash 31 January 1900) was a Scottish nobleman remembered Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. He was his mother's favourite child; she called him Bosie (a derivative of Boysie), a nickname which stuck for the rest of his life. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name.

Douglas was educated at Winchester College (1884–88) and at Magdalen College, Oxford (1889–93), which he left without obtaining a degree. Winchester College is a well-known boys' Independent school, and an example of an English Public school, in the city of Winchester in Hampshire Magdalen College redirects here see also Magdalene College Cambridge Magdalen College (ˈmɔːdlɨn "maudlin" is one of the constituent At Oxford, Douglas edited an undergraduate journal The Spirit Lamp (1892-3), an activity that intensified the ongoing conflict between him and his father. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the Their relationship had always been a strained one and during the Queensberry-Wilde feud, Douglas sided with Wilde, even encouraging him to prosecute his own father for libel. In 1893, Douglas had a brief affair with George Ives. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common George (Cecil Ives (born in Germany on October 1 1867 - died June 4 1950 was a German-British poet writer penal reformer and early Gay rights campaigner

In 1860, Douglas's grandfather, the 8th Marquess of Queensberry, had died in what was reported as a shooting accident, but his death was widely believed to have been suicide. Archibald William Douglas 8th Marquis of Queensberry PC ( 18 April, 1818 – 6 August, 1858) was the son of John Douglas 7th In 1862, his widowed grandmother, Lady Queensberry, converted to Roman Catholicism and took her children to live in Paris. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city [1]

Apart from the violent death of his grandfather, there were other tragedies in Douglas's family. One of his uncles, Lord James Douglas, was deeply attached to his twin sister 'Florrie' and was heartbroken when she married. Lady Florence Caroline Dixie ( 24 May 1855 &ndash 7 November 1905) was a British traveller War correspondent, In 1885, he tried to abduct a young girl, and after that became ever more manic. In 1888, Lord James married, but this proved disastrous. [2] Separated from Florrie, James drank himself into a deep depression,[2] and in 1891 committed suicide by cutting his throat. [1] Another of his uncles, Lord Francis Douglas (1847–1865) had died in a climbing accident on the Matterhorn, while his uncle Lord Archibald Edward Douglas (1850–1938) became a clergyman. Lord Francis William Bouverie Douglas ( 8 February 1847 – 14 July 1865) was a British mountaineer. "Cervino" redirects here For the Italian town see Cervino (CE. A cleric ( Ancient Greek κληρικός - klērikos clergyman (pl [3][1] (Douglas's only child was in turn to go mad, and died in a mental hospital. )

Douglas's aunt, Lord James's twin Lady Florence Douglas (1855–1905), was an author, war correspondent for the Morning Post during the First Boer War, and a feminist. Lady Florence Caroline Dixie ( 24 May 1855 &ndash 7 November 1905) was a British traveller War correspondent, A war correspondent is a Journalist who covers stories firsthand from a war zone. The Morning Post, as the paper was named on its Masthead, was a conservative daily Newspaper published in London from 1772 to 1937 when it was See also Second Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The First Boer War ( Dutch: Eerste Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate [4] In 1890, she published a novel, Gloriana, or the Revolution of 1900, in which women's suffrage is achieved after a woman posing as a man called Hector l'Estrange is elected to the House of Commons. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The character l'Estrange is clearly based on Oscar Wilde. Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of [5]

Relationship with Oscar Wilde

Douglas and Oscar Wilde in 1893
Douglas and Oscar Wilde in 1893

In 1891, Douglas met Oscar Wilde; they soon began an affair, though, according to Douglas, they never engaged in sodomy. Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Sodomy (ˈsɒdəmi is a term used today predominantly in Law (derived from traditional Christian usage to describe the act of Anal intercourse, Oral intercourse Though Douglas consented to be the lover of the older Wilde, he shared Wilde's interest in younger partners. [6] Of the two, Douglas was known for preferring schoolboys, while Wilde liked older teenagers and young men. [7] When his father, Lord Queensberry, suspected that their liaison may have been more than a friendship, he began a public persecution of Wilde. In addition to invading the playwright's home, Queensberry planned to throw rotten vegetables at Wilde during the premiere of The Importance of Being Earnest. The term " vegetable " generally means the edible parts of Plants The definition of the word is traditional rather than Scientific, however The Importance of Being Earnest is a play by Oscar Wilde. It premiered on February 14, 1895 at the St In 1894, the Robert Hichens novel The Green Carnation was published. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Robert Smythe Hichens ( November 14, 1864 – July 20, 1950) was an English journalist and Novelist. The Green Carnation, first published anonymously in 1894 was a scandalous novel by Robert Hichens whose lead characters are closely based on Oscar Wilde Said to be based on the relationship of Wilde and Douglas, it would be one of the texts used against Wilde during his trials in 1895. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

When Lord Drumlanrig (Douglas' eldest brother and the heir to the marquessate of Queensberry) died in a suspicious hunting accident, rumours circulated that Drumlanrig had been having a homosexual relationship with the Prime Minister, Lord Rosebery. Francis Archibald Douglas Viscount Drumlanrig ( 3 February 1867 &ndash 19 October 1894) was a Scottish nobleman and politician the Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Archibald Philip Primrose 5th Earl of Rosebery, KG, PC (7 May 1847 &ndash 21 May 1929 was a British Liberal Statesman and As a result, Lord Queensberry began a crusade to save his youngest son. Queensberry publicly insulted Wilde by leaving, at the latter's club, a calling card on which he had written: "For Oscar Wilde posing as a somdomite" (a misspelling of sodomite). Calling Card is the sixth studio release by Irish singer/guitarist Rory Gallagher. Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Sodomy (ˈsɒdəmi is a term used today predominantly in Law (derived from traditional Christian usage to describe the act of Anal intercourse, Oral intercourse

1895 trials

In response to this card, and with Douglas's avid support, but against the advice of friends such as Robert Ross, Frank Harris, and George Bernard Shaw, Wilde sued Queensberry for criminal libel. Robbie Ross links here for the Australian rugby league players see Robbie Ross (rugby league. Frank Harris ( February 14, 1856 &ndash August 27, 1931) was a naturalised American Author of British origin editor, George Bernard Shaw ( (26 July 1856 &ndash 2 November 1950 was an Irish Playwright. The case went badly, since Queensberry had hired private detectives to document Wilde's and Douglas's homosexual contacts. Several male prostitutes were enlisted by the defence to give evidence against Wilde and, on advice from his lawyer, he dropped the suit. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person However, based on evidence raised during the case, Wilde was charged with committing acts of gross indecency with other male persons, a charge which covered all homosexual acts, public or private. Decency is conformity to sociocultural standards of conduct and speech Douglas's 1892 poem "Two Loves", which was used against Wilde at the latter's trial, ends with the famous line that refers to homosexuality as "the love that dare not speak its name". The love that dare not speak its name is a phrase from the poem "Two Loves" by Lord Alfred Douglas, published in 1894

After a retrial (the jury in his first trial having been unable to reach a verdict), Wilde was convicted on 25 May 1895 and imprisoned at hard labor for two years. A jury a sworn body of persons convened to render a rational, impartial Verdict (a finding of fact on a question officially submitted to them Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Douglas was forced into exile in Europe. Following Wilde's release (19 May 1897), although not immediately, the two reunited in August at Rouen, but stayed together only a few months owing to personal differences and the various pressures on them. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital

Naples and Paris

This meeting was disapproved of by the friends and families of both men. During the later part of 1897, Wilde and Douglas lived together near Naples, but for financial and other reasons, they separated. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Wilde lived the remainder of his life primarily in Paris, and Douglas returned to England in late 1898. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The period when the two men lived in Naples would later become quite controversial. Wilde claimed that Douglas had offered a home, but had no funds or ideas. When Douglas eventually did gain funds from his late father's estate, he refused to grant Wilde a permanent allowance, although he did give him occasional handouts. When Wilde died in 1900, he was relatively impoverished. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar Douglas served as chief mourner, although there reportedly was an altercation at the gravesite between him and Robert Ross. Robbie Ross links here for the Australian rugby league players see Robbie Ross (rugby league. This struggle would preview the later litigations between the two former lovers of Oscar Wilde.

Marriage

After Wilde's death, Douglas established a close friendship with Olive Eleanor Custance, an heiress and poet. Olive Eleanor Custance ( February 7, 1874 – February 12, 1944) was a British poet They married on 4 March 1902 and had one son, Raymond Wilfred Sholto Douglas (Nov 17, 1902 - Oct 10, 1964). Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. In 1911 Douglas embraced Catholicism. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described

Repudiation of Wilde

More than a decade after Wilde's death, with the release of suppressed portions of Wilde's De Profundis letter in 1912, Douglas turned against his former friend, whose homosexuality he grew to condemn. He was a defence witness in the libel case brought by Maud Allan against Noel Pemberton Billing in 1918. Maud Allan (born Beulah Maude Durrant circa August 27, 1873 in Toronto Ontario, Canada; died October 7, 1956 Noel Pemberton Billing (1881 &ndash 11 November 1948) was an English Aviator, Inventor and Member Billing had accused Allan, who was performing Wilde's play Salomé, of being part of a homosexual conspiracy to undermine the war effort. Salome (or in French: Salomé) is a Tragedy by Oscar Wilde.The original 1891 version of the play was in Douglas also contributed to Billing's journal Vigilante as part of his campaign against Robert Ross. He had written a poem referring to Margot Asquith "bound with Lesbian fillets" while her husband Herbert, the Prime Minister, gave money to Ross. Margot Asquith Countess of Oxford & Asquith, born Emma Alice Margaret Tennant ( February 2, 1864 &ndash July 28, 1945) was an Herbert Henry Asquith 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, KG, PC ( 12 September 1852 &ndash 15 February 1928) served [8] During the trial he described Wilde as "the greatest force for evil that has appeared in Europe during the last three hundred and fifty years. " Douglas added that he intensely regretted having met Wilde, and having helped him with the translation of Salomé, which he described as "a most pernicious and abominable piece of work. Salome (or in French: Salomé) is a Tragedy by Oscar Wilde.The original 1891 version of the play was in "

Libel actions

Douglas started his "litigious and libellous career" (Murray p152) by obtaining an apology and fifty guineas each from the Oxford and Cambridge magazines The Isis and Cambridge for defamatory references to him in an article on Wilde.

He was a plaintiff and defendant in several trials for civil or criminal libel. In 1913 he accused Arthur Ransome of libelling him in his book Oscar Wilde: A Critical Study. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Arthur Mitchell Ransome (born 18 January 1884 in Leeds - died 3 June 1967) was an English author and journalist He saw this trial as a weapon against his enemy Ross, not understanding that Ross would not be called to give evidence in the trial. Similarly he did not appreciate that when he urged Wilde to sue his father that his father’s character was not relevant to the case. The court found in Ransome's favour.

In the most noted case, brought by Winston Churchill in 1923, Douglas was found guilty of libelling Churchill and was sentenced to six months in prison. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Douglas had claimed that Churchill had been part of a Jewish conspiracy to kill Lord Kitchener, the British Secretary of State for War. Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The position of Secretary of State for War, commonly called War Secretary, was a British Cabinet -level position first applied to Henry Dundas Kitchener had died on June 5, 1916, while on a diplomatic mission to Russia: the ship in which he was travelling, the armoured cruiser HMS Hampshire, struck a German mine and sank west of the Orkney Islands. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The armored cruiser, or armoured cruiser (see spelling differences) is a type of Cruiser, a naval warship. Orkney (also known as the Orkney Islands or incorrectly the Orkneys) is an Archipelago in northern Scotland, situated 10 miles (16 km north Despite this conflict, in 1941 he wrote a sonnet in praise of Churchill (Murray page 317). Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The sonnet is one of the poetic forms that can be found in Lyric poetry from Europe.

In 1924 while in prison, Douglas, in an ironic echo of Wilde's composition of De Profundis (Latin for "From the Depths") during his incarceration, wrote his last major poetic work, In Excelsis (literally, "in the highest"), which contains 17 cantos. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Psalm 130 ( Greek numbering Psalm 129 traditionally referred to as De profundis, after its Latin incipit is one of the penitential psalms. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Since the prison authorities would not allow Douglas to take the manuscript with him when he was released, he had to rewrite the entire work from memory.

Douglas maintained that his health never recovered from his harsh prison ordeal, which included sleeping on a plank bed without a mattress. A mattress is a mat or pad usually placed atop a Bed, upon which to sleep or lie

Later life

Following his own incarceration in prison in 1924, Douglas' feelings toward Oscar Wilde began to soften considerably. He said in Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up that “Sometimes a sin is also a crime (for example, a murder or theft) but this is not the case with homosexuality, any more than with adultery” (Murray p309-310). Sin is a term used mainly in a religious context to describe an act that violates a moral Rule, or the state of having committed such a violation Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries In Criminal law, theft (also known as stealing or filching) is the illegal taking of another person's Property without that person's freely-given

Throughout the 1930s and until his death, Douglas maintained correspondences with many people, including Marie Stopes and George Bernard Shaw. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. Marie Stopes ( October 15, 1880 – October 2, 1958) was a Scottish author Eugenicist, campaigner for Women's rights George Bernard Shaw ( (26 July 1856 &ndash 2 November 1950 was an Irish Playwright. Anthony Wynn wrote the play Bernard and Bosie: A Most Unlikely Friendship based on the letters between Shaw and Douglas. Anthony Wynn (born 1962, Eugene Oregon) is an American author and playwright One of Douglas's final public appearances was his well-received lecture to the Royal Society of Literature on 2 September 1943, entitled The Principles of Poetry, which was published in a limited edition of 1,000 copies. The Royal Society of Literature is the "senior literary organisation in Britain " He attacked the poetry of T. S. Eliot, and the talk was praised by Arthur Quiller-Couch and Augustus John (Murray pages 318-319). Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26 1888 – January 4 1965 was a poet Dramatist, and Literary critic. Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch (ˌkwɪlɚˈkuʧ ( 21 November 1863 - 12 May 1944) was a Cornish writer, who published under the Augustus Edwin John OM, RA, (4 January 1878 &ndash 31 October 1961 was a Welsh painter draughtsman, and Etcher.

Douglas's only child, Raymond, was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder in 1927 and entered St. Schizoaffective disorder is a Psychiatric Diagnosis of neurobiological illness. Andrews Hospital, a mental institution. He was decertified and released after five years, but suffered a subsequent breakdown and returned to the hospital. In February 1944, when Olive Douglas died of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 67, Raymond was able to attend his mother's funeral, and in June he was again decertified and released. However, his conduct rapidly deteriorated and he returned to St. Andrews in November where he stayed until his death on 10 October 1964.

Death

Douglas died of congestive heart failure at Lancing in West Sussex on 20 March 1945 at the age of 74. Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar He was buried at the Franciscan Monastery, Crawley, West Sussex on 23 March where he is interred alongside his mother, Sibyl, Marchioness of Queensberry, who died October 31, 1935 at the age of 91. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. A single gravestone covers them both. A headstone, tombstone or gravestone is a marker normally carved from stone, placed over or next to the site of a Burial

Writings

Douglas published several volumes of poetry; two books about his relationship with Wilde, Oscar Wilde and Myself (1914; largely ghostwritten by T. W. H. Crosland, the assistant editor of The Academy and later repudiated by Douglas), Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940); and a memoir, The Autobiography of Lord Alfred Douglas (1931).

Douglas translated The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in 1919, one of the first English language translations of that anti-Semitic fabrication. The Protocols of the Elders of Zion ( Protocols of the wise men of Zion, Library of Congress 's Uniform Title; "Протоколы English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility He also was the editor of a literary journal, The Academy, from 1907 to 1910, and during this time he had an affair with artist Romaine Brooks, who was also bisexual. Romaine Brooks (May 1 1874 &ndash December 7 1970 born Beatrice Romaine Goddard, was an American painter who specialized in Portraiture and used a subdued Bisexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of both sexes or to a bisexual orientation (The main love of her life, Natalie Clifford Barney, also had an affair with Wilde's niece Dorothy. Natalie Clifford Barney ( 31 October 1876 &ndash 2 February 1972) was an American Expatriate who lived wrote and hosted a literary Dorothy Ierne Wilde, known as Dolly Wilde, ( July 11 1895 &ndash April 10 1941) was an Anglo-Irish Socialite )

There are six biographies of Douglas. The earlier ones by Braybrooke and Freeman were not allowed to quote from Douglas’ copyright work, and De Profundis was unpublished. Later biographies were by Rupert Croft-Cooke, H. Montgomery Hyde (who also wrote about Oscar Wilde), Douglas Murray (who describes Braybrooke’s biography as "a rehash and exaggeration of Douglas’s book", i. Harford Montgomery Hyde ( August 14, 1907 &ndash August 10, 1989) born in Belfast, was a Barrister, politician (Ulster Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Douglas Murray can refer to Douglas Murray (politician, Canadian politician Douglas Murray (actor, (born 1966 Canadian Actor e. his autobiography). The most recent is Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life and His Finest Work by Caspar Wintermans, from Peter Owen Publishers in 2007. Caspar Wintermans (born 1966, The Netherlands) is an author and scholar Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Poetry

Non-fiction

Secondary sources

External links

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Lady Florence Dixie at spartacus. schoolnet. co. uk (accessed 8 March 2008)
  2. ^ a b Douglas, Murray, Bosie: A Biography of Lord Alfred Douglas, Chapter One online at nytimes. com (accessed 8 March 2008)
  3. ^ G. E. Cokayne et al. , eds. , The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new edition, 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; new edition, 2000), volume X, page 694
  4. ^ Dixie, Lady Florence, poet, novelist, writer; explorer and a keen champion of Woman's Rights in Who Was Who online at 7345683 at xreferplus. com (subscription required), accessed 11 March 2008
  5. ^ Heilmann, Ann, Wilde's New Women: the New Woman on Wilde in Uwe Böker, Richard Corballis, Julie A. Hibbard, The Importance of Reinventing Oscar: Versions of Wilde During the Last 100 Years (Rodopi, 2002) pp. 135-147, in particular p. 139
  6. ^ H. Montgomery Hyde, The Love That Dared not Speak its Name; p. 144
  7. ^ Rictor Norton, A History of Gay Sex "For example, Oscar Wilde’s lover Lord Alfred Douglas preferred to bugger young schoolboys, while Wilde preferred "rough" older lads. The English term Buggery is very close in meaning to the term Sodomy, and is often used interchangeably in law and popular speech "[1]
  8. ^ Philip Hoare, Oscar Wilde's Last Stand: Decadence, Conspiracy, and the Most Outrageous Trial of the Century. , Arcade Publishing, 1999, p. 110.


Persondata
NAME Douglas, Alfred, Lord
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Douglas, Alfred Bruce, Lord
SHORT DESCRIPTION British poet, translator and prose writer
DATE OF BIRTH October 22, 1870
PLACE OF BIRTH Worcestershire
DATE OF DEATH March 20, 1945
PLACE OF DEATH St. Andrews
Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar St Andrews (Cill Rìmhinn is a Town and former Royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland.
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