Queen Elizabeth II, Lord of Mann

"Lord" is a title with various meanings. The title Lord of Mann (Chiarn Vanninagh is used on the Isle of Man to refer to Queen Elizabeth II, who is the Island's Lord Proprietor and Head It can denote a prince or a feudal superior (especially a feudal tenant who holds directly from the king, i. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a Examples of feudalism are helpful to fully understand Feudalism and Feudal society. e. , a baron). Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber The title today is mostly used in connection with the peerage of the United Kingdom or its constituent countries, although some users of the title do not themselves hold peerages, and use it 'by courtesy'. The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most Peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801 when A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of Nobility used by children former wives and other close relatives of a peer. The title may also be used in conjunction with others to denote a superior holder of an otherwise generic title, in such combinations as "Lord Mayor" or "Lord Chief Justice". The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition The Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales was historically the second-highest judge of the Courts of England and Wales, after the Lord Chancellor. The title is primarily taken by men, while women will usually take the title 'lady'. A Lady is a Woman who is the counterpart of a Lord, as opposed to lady, the counterpart of a Gentleman. However, this is not universal, as the Lord of Mann and female Lord Mayors are examples of women who are styled 'lord'. The title Lord of Mann (Chiarn Vanninagh is used on the Isle of Man to refer to Queen Elizabeth II, who is the Island's Lord Proprietor and Head

In religious contexts Lord can also refer to various different gods or deities. The earliest uses of Lord in the English language in a religious context were by English Bible translators such as Bede. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c This reflected the Jewish practice of substituting the spoken Hebrew word 'Adonai' (which means 'My Lord') for YHWH when read aloud. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ In Judaism, the name of God is more than a distinguishing title See also Yahweh Tetragrammaton (from the Greek, meaning ' of four letters' (tetra "four" + gramma (gen

According to the Oxford Dictionary of English, the etymology of the word can be traced back to the Old English word 'hlāford' which originated from 'hlāfweard' meaning 'bread keeper' or 'loaf-ward', reflecting the Germanic tribal custom of a superior providing food for his followers. The Oxford Dictionary of English (formerly The New Oxford Dictionary of English, often abbreviated to NODE is a single-volume English language Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time The Germanic peoples are a historical group of Indo-European -speaking peoples originating in Northern Europe and identified by their use of the Germanic ^[1] Lady, the female equivalent, originates from a similar structure, believed to have originally meant 'loaf-kneader'.

Title

Peerage

See also: Peerage of the United Kingdom

Five ranks of peer exist in the United Kingdom, in descending order, these are: duke, marquess, earl, viscount, and baron. The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most Peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801 when The Peerage is a system of Titles of Nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies Earl was the Anglo-Saxon form and jarl the Scandinavian form of a title meaning " Chieftain " and referring especially to chieftains A viscount ( VAI-count is a member of the European Nobility whose comital title ranks usually as in the British peerage, above a Baron is a specific Title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin (liber The title 'Lord' is used most often by barons who are rarely addressed with any other. The style of this address is 'Lord (X)', for example, Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson, is commonly known as 'Lord Tennyson'. Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets The ranks of marquess, earl and viscounts commonly use lord as well, with viscounts using the same style as used for baron. However, marquesses and earls have a slightly different form of address were they can be called either the 'Marquess/Earl of (X)' or 'Lord (X)'. Dukes also use the style, 'Duke of (X)', but it is not acceptable to refer to them as 'Lord (X)'. Dukes are formally addressed as 'Your Grace', rather than 'My Lord'. In the Peerage of Scotland, the members of the lowest level of the peerage have the title 'Lord of Parliament' rather than baron. The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. A Lord of Parliament is a member of the lowest rank of Scottish Peerage, ranking below a Viscount.

For senior members of the peerage, the title lord also applies by courtesy to some or all of their children; for example the younger sons of dukes and marquesses can use the style 'Lord (first name) (surname)'. A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of Nobility used by children former wives and other close relatives of a peer. The titles are courtesy titles in that the holder does not hold a peerage, and is, according to British law, a commoner. A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of Nobility used by children former wives and other close relatives of a peer. The United Kingdom has three Legal systems. English law, which applies in England and Wales, and Northern Ireland law, which applies in In British law a commoner is someone who is neither the Sovereign nor a peer.

House of Lords

Chamber of the House of Lords

In the UK, the House of Lords (known commonly as 'the Lords') forms the upper house of Parliament. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" An upper house is one of two chambers of a Bicameral Legislature, the other chamber being the Lower house. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A  parliament is a Legislature, especially in those Here all peers are treated as lords but there are three different classifications:

• Most lords who hold peerages created before the passage of the Life Peerages Act 1958 (and a handful who hold peerages created after then) are hereditary peers, who until 1999 constituted the most numerous category of lords sitting in the House. The Life Peerages Act 1958 (6 & 7 Eliz II c 21 established the modern standards for the creation of Life peers by the monarch of the United Kingdom. Hereditary peers form part of the Peerage in the United Kingdom. There are in excess of 700 lords whose titles may be inherited, however since the House of Lords Act 1999, they are no longer guaranteed a seat in the Lords and instead must take part in an election for a total of ninety-two seats. The House of Lords Act 1999 (1999 c 34 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999 All male peers of England, Great Britain and the United Kingdom were before 1999 entitled to sit in the House of Lords by virtue of their title. The Peerage of England comprises all Peerages created in the Kingdom of England before the Act of Union in 1707. The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant Peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain after the Act of Union 1707 but before the Act of The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most Peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801 when Peeresses were granted the right to sit in 1963. The Peerage Act 1963 (1963 c 48 is a significant act in the history of the British Peerage. Peers of Scotland and Ireland, however, historically had limitations on their right to sit at Westminster. Between 1707 and 1963, Scottish peers participated in elections to determine which of them would take the sixteen seats allocated to them. The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. Elections were abolished in 1963, and from that time until 1999 all Scottish peers and peeresses were entitled to sit. The Peerage Act 1963 (1963 c 48 is a significant act in the history of the British Peerage. Irish peers participated in similar elections between 1801 and 1922, when the Irish Free State was established. The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those peers created by British monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by Since 1922, Irish peers have not had a right to sit at Westminster by virtue of their Irish peerages. However, many Irish peers also hold peerages of Great Britain and the United Kingdom.
• The importance of hereditary lords has declined steadily following the increase in the appointment of life peers. In the United Kingdom, life peers are created members of the Peerage whose titles may not be inherited (those whose titles are inheritable are known as Hereditary These peers are entitled to sit in the House of Lords for the duration of their life, but cannot transfer their titles to their heirs. They are rarely above the rank of baron. The first life peers were appointed to assist the House of Lords in exercising its judicial functions under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876. The House of Lords, in addition to having a legislative function has a judicial function as a Court of last resort within the United Kingdom. The Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (citation 39 & 40 Vict c Widespread appointment of life peers was enabled by the passage of the Life Peerages Act 1958. The Life Peerages Act 1958 (6 & 7 Eliz II c 21 established the modern standards for the creation of Life peers by the monarch of the United Kingdom. Since that Act was passed, some 1,086 life peers have been created. The only hereditary privilege associated with life peerages is that children of life peers are entitled to style themselves 'The Honourable (firstname) (surname)'. The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable (abbreviated to " The Hon
• These first two groups are collectively termed Lords Temporal as opposed to the third type of lord sitting in the House known as Spiritual Peers or Lords Spiritual. This article is about the secular members of the British House of Lords. The Lords Spiritual of the United Kingdom, also called Spiritual Peers, are the 26 Clergymen of the established Church of England This group consists of twenty-six Church of England bishops who are appointed in order of superiority. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Unlike Lords Temporal, who can be appointed from any of the four nations of the UK, only bishops with English Sees are eligible to sit in the Chamber. Bishops of the Church of Scotland traditionally sat in the Parliament of Scotland but were excluded in 1638 following the Scottish Reformation. The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. This article is about the pre-1707 parliament The article on the devolved legislative body established in 1999 is at Scottish Parliament. The Scottish Reformation was Scotland 's formal break with the Roman Catholic Church in 1560 and the events surrounding this There are no longer bishops in the Church of Scotland in the traditional sense of the word, and that Church has never sent members to sit in the Westminster House of Lords. Like most Reformed Churches, the Church of Scotland has a presbyterian structure which invests in a hierarchy of courts the authority which other denominations The Church of Ireland ceased to send bishops to sit after disestablishment in 1871. The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating across the island of Ireland. The Irish Church Disestablishment Act 1869 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed during William Gladstone 's administration The Church in Wales ceased to be a part of the Church of England in 1920 and was simultaneously disestablished in Wales. The Church in Wales (Yr Eglwys yng Nghymru is a member Church of the Anglican Communion, consisting of six Dioceses in Wales. The Church in Wales (Yr Eglwys yng Nghymru is a member Church of the Anglican Communion, consisting of six Dioceses in Wales. Accordingly, bishops of the Church in Wales were no longer eligible to be appointed to the House as bishops of the Church of England.

Judiciary

The judges of the House of Lords, the final appellate Court of the United Kingdom, hold life peerages, and are addressed accordingly. They are known collectively as the Law Lords. Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, or Law Lords, are appointed under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 to the House of Lords of the The title 'Lord' is also used to refer to some judges who are not peers in some Commonwealth legal systems. Some such judges, for instance judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, are called 'Lords Justices', or 'Ladies Justices', as the case may be. Other such judges, for instance judges of Canadian provincial supreme courts, are known only as 'Justices' but are addressed in court as 'My Lord' or 'My Lady' or 'Your Lordship' or 'Your Ladyship'.

Examples of judges who use the title include:

• The Law Lords or 'Lords of Appeal in Ordinary' who have the rank of life barons.
• Judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales, known as 'Lords Justices of Appeal'. The Court of Appeal of England and Wales is the second most senior court in the English legal system, with only the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords above
• Judges of the Scottish Court of Session, known as 'Lords of Council and Session'. The Court of Session is the supreme civil court of Scotland. It is both a Court of first instance and a court of Appeal and sits exclusively
• Judges of the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts of India. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. India 's judicial system is made up of the Supreme Court of India at the apex of the hierarchy for the entire country and twenty-one High Courts at the

Lord of the Manor

See also: Lord of the Manor

The title of Lord of the Manor arose in the English medieval system of Manorialism following the Norman Conquest. The title of Lord of the Manor arose in the English mediaeval system of Manorialism following the Norman Conquest. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This article is about the medieval system "Manors" redirects here The title Lord of the Manor is a titular feudal dignity which is still recognised today. Their holders are entitled to call themselves "[Personal name], The Lord/Lady of the Manor of [Place name]" but, for example, the United Kingdom Passport Agency does not recognise such titles. The United Kingdom Passport Service was an executive agency of the Home Office that issued UK passports to British Nationals living in the UK The title is not a title of the nobility. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime

Laird

See also: Laird

The Scottish title Laird is cognate with the English word 'lord'. A Laird (Lord is a Hereditary title for the owner of a landed estate in Scotland. 'Laird' is a hereditary title for the owner of a landed estate in Scotland. Hereditary titles, in a general sense are Titles positions or styles that are Hereditary and thus tend or are bound to remain in particular families Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The title of Laird may carry certain local or feudal rights, though unlike a Lordship, a Lairdship has never carried voting rights, either in the historic Parliament of Scotland or, after unification with the Kingdom of England, in the British House of Lords. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed A Lord of Parliament is a member of the lowest rank of Scottish Peerage, ranking below a Viscount. This article is about the pre-1707 parliament The article on the devolved legislative body established in 1999 is at Scottish Parliament. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords"

Other

Various high offices of state may carry the cachet of honorary lords, seen through titles such as Lord High Chancellor or Lord Mayor. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition

Another English title, that of Lord of the Manor, does not connote peerage and does not carry parliamentary rights. The title of Lord of the Manor arose in the English mediaeval system of Manorialism following the Norman Conquest. The title merely marks the holder as the owner of a manor who has certain local rights, and is the equivalent of lairds in Scotland.

In the middle ages, bishops were influential and powerful magnates who held the feudal rank of 'lord'; thus even today the form of address 'Lord Bishop' is still sometimes heard, (particularly in Commonwealth countries) for Anglican and Roman Catholic bishops. " Lord Bishop " is a traditional form of address used for bishops since the Middle ages, an era when bishops occupied the feudal rank of 'lord' by virtue of their Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs

Feudalism

In feudalism, a lord has aristocratic rank, has control over a portion of land and the produce and labour of the serfs living thereon. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations The serf would swear the oath of fealty to the lord, and would then become a vassal. An oath (from Anglo-Saxon āð, also called plight) is either a Promise or a Statement of Fact calling An Oath of fealty, from the Latin fidelitas ( Faithfulness) is a pledge of Allegiance of one person to another A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe,

As part of the heritage of feudalism, lord can generally refer to superiors of many kinds, for example landlord. Landlord is the owner of a House, Apartment, Condominium, or Real estate which is rented or Leased to an individual or business In many cultures in Europe the equivalent term serves as a general title of address equivalent to the English 'Mister' (French Monsieur, Spanish Señor, Portuguese Senhor, Italian Signore, Dutch Meneer/Mijnheer/De Heer (as in: to de heer Joren Jansen), German Herr, Hungarian Úr, Greek Kyrie or to the English formal "you" (Polish Pan). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Senhor (abbreviation Sr; plural Senhores, abbreviation Srs) from the Latin Senior (comparative of Senex Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Kýrie is from the Greek word κύριε (kyrie the Vocative case of κύριος (kyrios meaning O Lord. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. See also gentleman. The term gentleman (from Latin gentilis, belonging to a race or "gens" and "man" Cognate with the French word gentilhomme

Religion

People have often used the term 'lord' in religious contexts, where, The Lord refers to God in Judaism or Islam, or to God, Jesus, or the Holy Spirit in Christianity. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings In many Christian Bibles (such as the King James Version), the Hebrew name YHWH (the Tetragrammaton) is rendered LORD (all caps) or LORD (small caps). A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin For information about Yahweh see God in Abrahamic religions, which provides useful links In Typography, all caps (short for all capitals or all capitalized; often written as ALL CAPS) refers to text or a font in which In Typography, small capitals (usually abbreviated small caps) are Uppercase ( capital) characters set at the same height as surrounding This usage follows the Jewish practice of substituting the spoken Hebrew word 'Adonai' (translated as 'Lord') for YHWH when read aloud. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ In Judaism, the name of God is more than a distinguishing title ^[2]

Other religious uses of the word Lord include:

• Ba'al, or Baal, is a Northwest Semitic title meaning 'lord', used for various gods and local spirit-deities. Ba'al (pronounced; Hebrew בעל (ordinarily spelled Baal in English is a Northwest Semitic title and honorific meaning "master" or "lord" In some texts, the term refers to Hadad, the lord of the divine assembly whose name only priests were allowed to speak. Haddad בעל הדד (in Ugaritic Haddu) was a very important northwest Semitic storm and rain god, cognate in name and origin with the References to Baal in the Hebrew Bible, such as the prophet Elijah's confrontation with Baal's priests, usually correspond to local gods rather than to Hadad. The term Hebrew Bible is a generic reference to those books of the Bible originally written in Biblical Hebrew (and the related Biblical Aramaic Elijah or Elias ( was a Prophet in Israel in the 9th century BC

• Bel meaning 'Lord' is a common title of the Babylonian deity Marduk. Bel (beɪl from Akkadian bēlu) signifying "lord" or "master" is a Title rather than a genuine name applied to various gods Marduk ( Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMARUTU 𒀫 𒌓 "solar calf" perhaps from MERI

• En meaning 'Lord' as in Sumerian deities Enki and Enlil. EN (Borger 2003 nr 164; U+ 12097 𒂗 also read ENSI) is the Sumerian Cuneiform for " Lord " or " Enki ( Sumerian: dENKI(G 𒂗𒆠 was a Deity in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Babylonian mythology Enlil ( EN = Lord + LIL = Loft "Lord of the Open" or "Lord of the Wind" was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in ancient Sumerian

• In Buddhism it refers to the Buddha and in Jainism to the Mahavira. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Mahavira (महावीर lit Great Hero) (599 – 527 BCE is the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamana ( Sanskrit: वर्धमान

• The name of the god Adonis may derive from the Hebrew word for 'lord'. Adonis (Άδωνης also Άδωνις is a figure of West Semitic origin where he is a central cult figure in various Mystery religions, who enters

• In the Pagan religion Wicca, the male god is also referred to as 'The Lord' and the female as 'The Lady'. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world

• A Dark Lord is a title is usually used in religion and mythology to refer to the Devil and other demons, or evil gods. The Devil is the In Christian religion, "Dark Lord" refers to "Satan". Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally

See also

References

Sources consulted

Endnotes