Lop Nur (Chinese: 罗布泊; Pinyin: Luóbù Pō; also Lake Lop, Lop Nuur) is a group of small, now seasonal salt lake sand marshes between the Taklamakan and Kuruktag deserts in the southeastern portion of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China. A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the The Taklamakan Desert (Takelamagan Shamo 塔克拉玛干沙漠 also known as Taklimakan, is a Desert in Central Asia, in the Xinjiang Xinjiang ( Uyghur: شىنجاڭ Shinjang;; Postal map spelling: Sinkiang; Turkish: Sincan, Sincan Uygur Özerk Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES
The lake system into which the Tarim River empties is the last remnant of the historical post-glacial Tarim Lake, which once covered more than 10,000 square kilometers in the Tarim Basin. Tarim River ( Mandarin Tǎlǐmù Hé, 塔里木河 is the principal River of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of The Tarim Basin ( is a large Endorheic basin occupying an area of more than 400000 km² Lop Nur is hydrologically endorheic— it is landbound and there is no outlet. An endorheic basin (from Greek endo ‘inside’ + rhein ‘to flow’ also terminal or closed basin) is a closed Drainage basin Though it was determined to be a single salt lake by ancient Chinese geographers, the lake system has largely dried up from its 1928 measured area of 3,100 km², and the desert has spread by windblown sandy loess. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Loess is a homogeneous typically non stratified porous Friable,slightly coherent often calcareous fine-grained Silty pale yellow or buff windblown ( aeolian This has shifted the lake system 30 to 40 km westwards during the past 40 years. [1] A partial cause for the destabilization of the desert has been the cutting of poplars and willows for firewood; in response, a reserve was established in 2003 to preserve 3,520 square kilometres of poplar. Populus is a genus of between 25–35 species of Flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. [2]
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History
Former water resources of the Tarim River and Lop Nur nurtured the kingdom of Loulan, an ancient Chinese civilization along the Silk Road, which skirted the lake-filled basin. Loulan or Kroran ( Uyghur Language Kroran } is an ancient Oasis town founded in the second century on the north-eastern edge of the Lop Desert The Silk Road, or Silk Routes, are an extensive interconnected network of Trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East South and Western Asia with the Loulan became a client-state of the Chinese empire in 55 BCE, renamed Shanshan. ----------------------------------------- Shanshan ( is the Chinese name for a kingdom that existed roughly from 200 BCE-1000 CE at the north-eastern end of the Taklamakan Once the lake also supported a thriving Tocharian culture. The Tocharians were the Tocharian -speaking inhabitants of the Tarim basin, making them the easternmost speakers of an Indo-European language in antiquity Archaeologists have discovered the buried remains of settlements, as well as several of the Tarim mummies, along its ancient shoreline. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The Tarim mummies are a series of Caucasoid Mummies discovered in the Tarim Basin in present-day Xinjiang, China, which date from Marco Polo passed near the lake, and the explorers Ferdinand von Richthofen, Nikolai Przhevalsky and Sven Hedin visited the area. Marco Polo ( September 15 1254 – January 9 1324 at earliest but no later than June 1325 was a Venetian trader and explorer Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen ( May 5, 1833 &ndash October 6, 1905) was a German traveller Geographer and Nikolai Mikhaylovich Przhevalsky (prʐɛ'valʲskʲi also spelled Przewalski and Prjevalsky (Никола́й Миха́йлович Пржева́льский Sven Anders Hedin ( February 19, 1865 - November 26, 1952) was a Swedish explorer Geographer and geopolitician [3] It is also likely that Swedish soldier Johan Gustaf Renat had visited the area when he was helping the Zunghars to produce maps over the area in the eighteenth century. Johan Gustaf Renat (1682-1744 was a Swedish military and cartographer Dzungar (also Jungar or Zungar; Mongolian: Зүүнгар Züüngar) is the collective identity of several Oirat tribes that [4]
The first Chinese nuclear bomb test, codenamed "596", was tested at Lop Nur in 1964. 596 is the codename of the People's Republic of China 's first Nuclear weapons test, detonated on October 16[[ 964]] Since 1964, the lake has been used as a nuclear test site. Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations Until 1996, 45 nuclear tests were conducted. Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness yield and explosive capability of Nuclear weapons Throughout the twentieth century most nations The headquarters of the test base is at Malan, about 125 km northwest of Qinggir. Qinggir is a population center located in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. [5]
On June 13, 1996, famous Chinese explorer Yu Chunshun died while trying to walk across Lop Nur. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Yu Chunshun ( 余[[wikt 纯|纯]] 顺) was a Chinese Explorer. [6]
Water System
The rivers that feed the Lop Nur marshes are the Tarim River, Qiemo River and Konqi River. Tarim River ( Mandarin Tǎlǐmù Hé, 塔里木河 is the principal River of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of The Qiemo River, also called the Cherchen or Qarqan River, runs across the Tarim Basin in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region.
Xiaohe Bronze Age Burial Site
The site is an oblong sand dune, from which more than 30 well-preserved mummies, buried in air-tight ox-hide bags, have been excavated. The entire Xiaohe Tomb complex contains about 330 tombs, about 160 of which have been desecrated by grave robbers. [7] A local hunter guided Swedish explorer and archeologist Folke Bergman to the site in 1934. An excavation project began in October 2003 by the Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute. A total of 167 tombs have been dug up since the end of 2002 and excavations have revealed hundreds of smaller tombs built in layers, as well as other precious artifacts. In 2006 more valuable archeology evidence was uncovered. A boat-shaped coffin wrapped with ox hide, contained the mummified face of a smiling a young woman. [8]
See also
Footnotes
- ^ Desert Intrudes upon Tarim Lake. The Lop Desert or Lop Nur or Lop Nor, is a Desert extending from Korla eastwards along the foot of the Kuruktagh to the formerly terminal The Tarim Basin ( is a large Endorheic basin occupying an area of more than 400000 km² china. org. cn. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
- ^ Tarim River Ecological Protection Suggested. china. org. cn. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
- ^ The Wandering Lake. nasa. gov. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
- ^ August Strindberg, "En svensk karta över Lop-nor och Tarimbäckenet" (in Swedish)
- ^ Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Base. nti. Retrieved on 2007-08-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus.
- ^ Found Dead - Yu Chunshun, 48, Intrepid Chinese explorer. asiaweek. com. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
- ^ Burial Site from the Bronze Age, Lop Nur, Xinjiang.. www. china. org. cn. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
- ^ Silk Road Documentary Unearths Latest Findings. china. org. cn. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
External links
- Map of the Lop Nur nuclear test facility
- Lop Nor Nuclear Weapons Test Base
- Satellite imagery of the Lop Nur nuclear test facility
- Lop Desert
- Surveying the Lop Nor
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