| Loop of Henle | |
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| Scheme of renal tubule and its vascular supply. (Loop of Henle visible center-left. ) | |
| Latin | ansa nephroni |
| Gray's | subject #253 1223 |
| Precursor | Metanephric blastema |
| MeSH | loop+of+henle |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | a_44/12138619 |
In the kidney, the loop of Henle is the portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Gray's Anatomy the Respiratory apparatus ( Apparatus Respiratorius Respiratory system Respiratory apparatus Embryology (from Greek grc ἔμβρυον embryon, "unborn embryo" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the development The metanephric blastema (or metanephric mesenchyme, or metanephric mesoderm) is one of the two Embryological structures that give rise to the Kidney Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles A nephron (from Greek νεφρός (nephros meaning "kidney" is the basic structural and functional unit of the Kidney. The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the Nephron leading from Bowman's capsule to the Loop of Henle. The distal convoluted tubule ( DCT) is a portion of Kidney Nephron between the Loop of Henle and the Collecting duct system. The loop has a hairpin bend in the renal medulla. Haarspeldbochtjpg|thumb|Hairpin turn on the Mont Ventoux in France]]A hairpin turn (also hairpin bend hairpin corner etc The main function of this structure is to reabsorb water and ions from the urine. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra. To do this, it uses a countercurrent multiplier mechanism in the medulla. Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism used to transfer some property of a Fluid from one flowing current of fluid to another across a Semipermeable membrane or thermally-conductive It is named after its discoverer, F. G. J. Henle. Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle (July 9 1809 - May 13 1885 was a German Physician, Pathologist and Anatomist.
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Components
It can be divided into four parts:
| descending limb of loop of Henle | The descending limb has low permeability to ions and urea, while being highly permeable to water. The descending limb of loop of Henle is the portion of the Renal tubule constituting the first part of the Loop of Henle. Urea is an Organic compound with the Chemical formula ( N[[hydrogen H]]22 C[[oxygen O]] |
| thin ascending limb of loop of Henle | The thin ascending limb is not permeable to water, but it is permeable to ions. As the filtrate passes back up the thin ascending limb of loop of Henle, the concentration of the surrounding medulla decreases |
| medullary thick ascending limb of loop of Henle | Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are reabsorbed from the urine by active transport. The thick ascending limb of loop of Henle (or distal straight tubule) is a segment of the Nephron in the Kidney. Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 The chloride Ion is formed when the element Chlorine picks up one Electron to form an Anion (negatively-charged ion Cl&minus Active transport is the mediated process of moving particles across Biological membrane against the concentration gradient K+ is passively transported along its concentration gradient through a K+ channel in the apical aspect of the cells, back into the lumen of the ascending limb. This K+ "leak" generates a positive electrochemical potential difference in the lumen. In Electrochemistry, the electrochemical potential, \bar{\mu} sometimes confusingly abbreviated to ECP is a Thermodynamic measure that combines the The electrical gradient drives more reabsorption of Na+, as well as other cations such as magnesium (Mg2+) and importantly calcium (Ca2+). An ion is an Atom or Molecule which has lost or gained one or more Valence electrons giving it a positive or negative electrical charge Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 |
| cortical thick ascending limb | The cortical thick ascending limb drains urine into the distal convoluted tubule. The distal convoluted tubule ( DCT) is a portion of Kidney Nephron between the Loop of Henle and the Collecting duct system. |
Blood supply
The loop of Henle is supplied by blood in a series of straight capillaries descending from the cortical efferent arterioles. These capillaries (called the vasa recta; recta is from the Latin for "straight") also have a countercurrent exchange mechanism that prevents washout of solutes from the medulla, thereby maintaining the medullary concentration. For the intestinal structure see Vasa recta (intestines In the blood supply of the kidney, the vasa recta renis (or straight arteries Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism used to transfer some property of a Fluid from one flowing current of fluid to another across a Semipermeable membrane or thermally-conductive As water is osmotically driven from the descending limb into the interstitium, it readily enters the vasa recta. Interstitial fluid (or tissue fluid) is a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals The low bloodflow through the vasa recta allows time for osmotic equilibration, and can be altered by changing the resistance of the vessels' efferent arterioles.
Also, the vasa recta still has the large proteins and ions which were not filtered through the glomerulus, which provides an oncotic pressure for ions to enter the vasa recta from the interstitium. Oncotic pressure in the Circulatory system is a form of Osmotic pressure exerted by Proteins in Blood plasma that normally tends to pull
Additional images
 Transverse section of pyramidal substance of kidney of pig, the bloodvessels of which are injected. |
References
- Douglas C. Eaton, John Pooler (2004). Vander's Renal Physiology, 6th edition, McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 0-07-135728-9.
External links
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