For the reggaeton producers, see Luny Tunes. Reggaeton (also spelled reggaetón, and known as reguetón and reggaetón in Spanish) is a form of urban music which became popular Luny Tunes is a production duo composed of Francisco Saldaña (Luny (born June 23, 1979) and Víctor Cabrera (Tunes (born April 12

Looney Tunes is a Warner Bros. animated cartoon series which ran in many movie theatres from 1930 to 1969. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It preceded the Merrie Melodies series and is Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros 's first animated theatrical series. An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer The regular Warner Bros. animation cast also became known as the "Looney Tunes" (often misspelled, intentionally or not, as "Looney Toons"). Toon in Anglo-Saxon or Old English is the original English word for Town

The name Looney Tunes is a variation on Silly Symphonies, the name of Walt Disney's concurrent series of music-based cartoon shorts. Silly Symphonies is a series of Animated Short subjects 75 in total produced by Walt Disney Productions from 1929 to 1939 Walter Elias Disney (December 5 1901 – December 15 1966 was a multiple Academy Award -winning American Film producer, director, Screenwriter Looney Tunes originally showcased Warner-owned musical compositions through the adventures of cartoon characters such as Bosko and Buddy. Bosko is an animated Cartoon character created by Animators Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising. Buddy is an animated Cartoon character in the Warner Bros Looney Tunes series of cartoons Later Looney Tunes shorts featured popular characters such as Porky Pig, Daffy Duck, Bugs Bunny, Elmer Fudd, Sylvester and Tweety, Marvin the Martian, Taz, Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner, Foghorn Leghorn, Yosemite Sam, Pepé Le Pew, Speedy Gonzalez, and many others. Porky Pig is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros Daffy Duck is an Animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of Clyde Rabbit (uncleMrs Bugs Bunny (wifePapa Bunny (fatherMama Bunny (motherRugs Bunny Elmer J Fudd is a fictional Cartoon character and one of the most famous Looney Tunes characters Sylvester J Pussycat Sr, or simply Sylvester the Cat, or Sylvester is a Fictional character, a three-time Academy Award -winning Anthropomorphic Marvin the Martian (or Marvin Martian) is a Fictional character appearing in the Looney Tunes cartoons The Tasmanian Devil, often referred to as "Taz", is an animated cartoon character featured in the Warner Bros Yosemite Sam is an animated cartoon character in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of cartoons produced by Pepé Le Pew is an Academy Award -winning Fictional character in the Warner Bros Speedy Gonzales, "the fastest mouse in all Mexico " is an animated cartoon Mouse from the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes

Originally produced by Harman-Ising Pictures, Looney Tunes were produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions from 1933 to 1944. Hugh Harman ( August 31, 1903 &ndash November 25, 1982) and Rudolf "Rudy" Ising ( August 7, 1903 &ndash Warner Bros Cartoons Inc was the Animation division of Warner Bros Schlesinger sold his studio to Warner Bros. in 1944, and the newly renamed Warner Bros. Cartoons continued production until 1963. Warner Bros Cartoons Inc was the Animation division of Warner Bros Looney Tunes were outsourced to DePatie-Freleng Enterprises from 1964 to 1967, and Warner Bros. DePatie-Freleng Enterprises (DFE was a Hollywood-based American animated production company active from 1963 to 1981 Cartoons re-assumed production for the series' final two years. From 1942 to 1969, Looney Tunes was the most popular cartoon series in theaters.

Contents 1 History 2 Controversy 2.1 Stereotypes 2.2 Dubbed versions 2.3 Colorization 3 Ownership 4 Awards 5 United States 6 See also 7 References 7.1 Notes 8 External links

History

In the beginning, both Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies drew their storylines from Warner's vast music library. However, eventually the two series distinguished themselves by Looney Tunes becoming the umbrella for the studio's various recurring characters, while Merrie Melodies continued with the use of one-shot characters. Also, from 1934 to 1943 Merrie Melodies were produced in color and Looney Tunes in black and white; after 1943, however, both series were produced in color; the only real difference between the two series was in the variation between the opening theme music and titles. ^[1] Both series also made use of the various Warner Bros. cartoon characters. By 1937, the theme music for Looney Tunes was "The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down" by Cliff Friend and Dave Franklin; the theme music for Merrie Melodies was an adaptation of "Merrily We Roll Along" by Charles Tobias, Murray Mencher and Eddie Cantor. "The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down" is a song written in 1937 by Cliff Friend and Dave Franklin. Cliff Friend ( October 1, 1893 &ndash June 27, 1974) was an accomplished Songwriter and Pianist. " Merrily We Roll Along " is a song loosely based on the 1847 song " Good Night Ladies " by E Charles Tobias ( August 15 1898 &ndash July 7 1970) was an American Songwriter. Eddie Cantor ( January 31, 1892 - October 10, 1964) was an American Comedian, Singer, Actor,

In 1930, Warner Bros. became interested in developing a series of musical animated shorts in order to promote their music. They had recently acquired the ownership of Brunswick Records along with four music publishers for US $28 million. Brunswick Records is a United States based Record label. The label is currently distributed by Koch Entertainment. Consequently, they were eager to start promoting this material in order to cash in on the sales of sheet music and phonograph records. Warners made a deal with Leon Schlesinger to produce cartoons for Warner Bros. Leon Schlesinger ( May 20, 1884 – December 25, 1949) was an American Film producer, most noted for founding Schlesinger hired Rudolph Ising and Hugh Harman to produce their first series of cartoons. Hugh Harman ( August 31, 1903 &ndash November 25, 1982) and Rudolf "Rudy" Ising ( August 7, 1903 &ndash Hugh Harman ( August 31, 1903 &ndash November 25, 1982) and Rudolf "Rudy" Ising ( August 7, 1903 &ndash Bosko was Looney Tunes first major star, debuting in the short Sinkin' in the Bathtub in 1930. Bosko is an animated Cartoon character created by Animators Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising. Sinkin' in the Bathtub was the very first Warner Bros theatrical Cartoon short as well as the very first of the Looney Tunes When Harman and Ising left the Warner Bros. in 1933 over a budget dispute with Schlesinger, they took with them all the rights of the characters and cartoons which they had created. Schlesinger had to negotiate with them in order to keep the rights to the name Looney Tunes as well as for the right to use the slogan That's All Folks! at the end of the cartoons.

A bland white-washed version of Bosko called Buddy became the star of the Looney Tunes series for the next few years. Buddy is an animated Cartoon character in the Warner Bros Looney Tunes series of cartoons With the animators working in the Termite Terrace studio, they debuted of the first truly major Looney Tunes star, Porky Pig, who was introduced in 1935 along with Beans the Cat in the Merrie Melodie cartoon I Haven't Got a Hat directed by Friz Freleng. Warner Bros Cartoons Inc was the Animation division of Warner Bros Porky Pig is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros I Haven't Got a Hat is a 1935 Animated Short film, directed by Isadore (Friz Freleng for Leon Schlesinger Productions Isadore "Friz" Freleng ( August 21, 1906  &ndash May 26, 1995) was an Animator, Cartoonist, director Beans was the star of the next Porky/Beans cartoon Golddiggers of '49, but it was Porky who emerged as the star instead of Beans. Gold Diggers of '49 is a 1935 Warner Bros theatrical Cartoon short in the Looney Tunes series This was followed by the debuts of other memorable Looney Tunes stars such as Daffy Duck (in 1937) and the most famous of the Looney Tunes cast, Bugs Bunny (in 1940). Daffy Duck is an Animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of Clyde Rabbit (uncleMrs Bugs Bunny (wifePapa Bunny (fatherMama Bunny (motherRugs Bunny Bugs appeared mostly in the color Merrie Melodies and formally joined the Looney Tunes crew with the release of Buckaroo Bugs. Buckaroo Bugs is a Warner Bros Looney Tunes theatrical cartoon short released in 1944 starring Bugs Bunny and directed by Robert Clampett Schlesinger began to phase in the production of color Looney Tunes with the 1942 cartoon The Hep Cat. The Hep Cat is a Warner Bros Cartoon directed by Bob Clampett, written by Warren Foster, animated primarily by Robert McKimson The final black-and-white Looney Tune was Puss n' Booty in 1943. The inspiration for the changeover was Warners' decision to re-release only the color cartoons in the Blue Ribbon Classics series of Merrie Melodies. Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros Bugs Bunny made a cameo appearance in 1942 in the Avery/Clampett cartoon Crazy Cruise and also at the end of the Frank Tashlin 1943 cartoon Porky Pig's Feat. Frank Tashlin (born Francis Fredrick von Taschlein February 19, 1913 – May 5, 1972, also known as Tish Tash or Porky Pig's Feat is a one-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Looney Tunes series produced in Black-and-white Schlesinger sold his interest in the cartoon studio in 1944 to Warner Bros.

The Looney Tunes series' popularity was strengthened even more when the shorts began airing on network and syndicated television in the 1950s under various titles and formats. In Broadcasting, syndication is the sale of the right to broadcast Radio shows and Television shows to multiple individual stations without going through However, since the syndicated shorts' target audience was children and because of concerns over children's television in the 1970s, the Looney Tunes shorts began to be edited to remove scenes featuring innuendos, racial remarks, curse words, ethnic stereotypes and extreme violence.

The original Looney Tunes theatrical series ran from 1930 to 1969 (the last short being "Injun Trouble", starring Cool Cat). Injun Trouble is a 1969 animated cartoon short in the Merrie Melodies series directed by Robert McKimson and featuring Cool Cat Cool Cat was a fictional Cartoon character created by director Alex Lovy for Warner Bros During part of the 1960s, the shorts were produced by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises after Warner Bros. DePatie-Freleng Enterprises (DFE was a Hollywood-based American animated production company active from 1963 to 1981 shut down their animation studios. The shorts from this era can be identified by the fact that they open with a different title sequence featuring stylized limited animation and graphics on a black background and a re-arranged version of "The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down," arranged by William Lava. William Lava ( March 18, 1911 St Paul Minnesota - February 20, 1971 Los Angeles California) was a musical Composer (When Seven Arts Associates merged with Warner Bros. Seven Arts Productions was founded in 1957 by Ray Stark and Eliot Hyman. in 1967, the logos were updated, replacing all regular WB elements with the Warner Bros.-Seven Arts logo, as well as new theme music. Warner Bros-Seven Arts was formed in 1967, when Seven Arts Productions acquired Jack Warner 's controlling interest in Warner Bros ) Theatrical animated shorts went dormant until 1987 when new shorts were made to introduce Looney Tunes to a new generation of audiences. New shorts have been produced and released sporadically for theaters since then, usually as promotional tie-ins with various family movies produced by Warner Bros. This lasted until 2004.

In the 1970s through the early 1990s, several Looney Tunes feature-film compilations, which continued until 1988, and television specials were produced, mostly centering on Bugs Bunny or Daffy Duck, with a mixture of new and old footage. A television special is a Television program, typically a Short film or Television movie, which interrupts or temporarily replaces programming normally

In 1976, the Looney Tunes characters made their way into the amusement business when they became the mascots for the two Marriott's Great America theme parks (Gurnee, Santa Clara). After the Gurnee park was sold to Six Flags, they also claimed the rights to use the characters at the other Six Flags parks, which they continue to do presently. Six Flags Inc (commonly Six Flags) is one of the world's largest chains of Amusement parks and Theme parks, based on quantity of properties

In 1988, several Looney Tunes characters appeared in cameo roles in Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 Live-action/animated film produced by Amblin Entertainment and The Walt Disney Company (released The more notable cameos featured Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck, Yosemite Sam, Sylvester, and Tweety. It is the only time in which Looney Tunes characters have shared screen time with their rivals at Disney—particularly in the scenes where Bugs Bunny and Mickey Mouse are skydiving, and when Daffy Duck and Donald Duck are performing their "Duelling Pianos" sequence. Mickey Mouse is a comic animal Cartoon character who has become an icon for The Walt Disney Company. Donald Duck is a cartoon character from The Walt Disney Company.

In 1988, Nickelodeon aired all the unaired cartoons in a show called Looney Tunes on Nickelodeon until 1999. Nickelodeon (commonly referred to as Nick) is an American Cable television network owned by Viacom International, founded in 1977 as Pinwheel To date, Looney Tunes on Nickelodeon is the longest-airing animated series on the network that was not a Nicktoon. An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer Nicktoons are animated television programs airing on the children's television channel Nickelodeon and its many spin-offs

In 1996, Space Jam, a feature film mixing animation and live-action, was released starring Bugs Bunny and basketball player Michael Jordan. Space Jam is a 1996 American Live-action/animated film starring Michael Jordan opposite Bugs Bunny (voiced by Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player and active businessman Despite its odd plot and mixed critical reception,^[2] the film was a major box-office success, grossing nearly $100,000,000 in the U. S. alone,^[3] and introduced a new character named Lola Bunny. Lola Bunny is a Cartoon character from Warner Bros Studios and unlike other Looney Tunes she was created after the creation of the Tiny Toon characters

In 2000, Warner Bros. decided to make the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies library exclusive to fellow Time Warner properties, specifically Cartoon Network. Immediately prior to this decision, Looney Tunes shorts were airing on several networks at once: on Cartoon Network, on Nickelodeon (as Looney Tunes on Nickelodeon), and on ABC (as The Bugs Bunny and Tweety Show). The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. The Bugs Bunny Show is a long-running American Television Anthology series hosted by Bugs Bunny, that was mainly composed of The latter two had been particularly long running series, and the Warner Bros. decision forced the two networks to cancel the programs. This is the main reason why Looney Tunes are seldom seen on television today.

In 2003, another feature film was released, this time in an attempt to recapture the spirit of the original shorts: the live-action/animated Looney Tunes: Back in Action. Looney Tunes Back in Action is a 2003 Live-action/animated film that tells the story of a hapless stuntman DJ Drake (played by Brendan Fraser Although it earned relatively positive reviews from critics^[4] and has been argued by animation historians and fans as the finest original feature-length appearance for the cartoon characters,^[5][6] the film was a box-office disappointment,^[7] putting the theatrical future of the Looney Tunes in limbo. ^[8]

In 2006, Warner Home Video released a new, Christmas-themed Looney Tunes direct-to-video movie called Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas featuring a wide array of characters working in a mega-store under the Scrooge-esque Daffy Duck. Warner Home Video is the Home video unit of Warner Bros Entertainment Inc Bah Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas is a 2006 animated Direct-to-video Film starring the Looney Tunes and directed by Charles The movie parodies the famous book by Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol. A Christmas Carol in Prose Being a Ghost Story of Christmas (commonly known as A Christmas Carol) is a Novella by Charles Dickens

Since the days of the Nintendo Entertainment System, the Looney Tunes characters have been featured in numerous video games, such as a same-titled one that came out on Game Boy in 1992. The Nintendo Entertainment System (often abbreviated as NES or simply Nintendo) is an 8-bit Video game console that was released by The is a handheld video game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was later remade for the Game Boy Color in 1999; it was not a best seller and received poor reviews. The is Nintendo 's successor to the Game Boy and was released on October 21, 1998 in Japan and in November 19, 1998

The Looney Tunes characters have had more success in the area of television, with appearances in several originally produced series, including Taz-Mania (1991, starring The Tasmanian Devil), The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries (1995, starring Sylvester the cat, Tweety Bird and Granny), Baby Looney Tunes (2002, which had a similar premise to Muppet Babies), and Duck Dodgers (2003, starring Daffy Duck, Porky Pig and Marvin the Martian). This article refers to the cartoon For the Australian island see Tasmania Taz-Mania The Tasmanian Devil, often referred to as "Taz", is an animated cartoon character featured in the Warner Bros The Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries is an Emmy -nominated Animated television series which aired from 1995 to 2001 on Kids' WB Sylvester J Pussycat Sr, or simply Sylvester the Cat, or Sylvester is a Fictional character, a three-time Academy Award -winning Anthropomorphic Granny, a co-star of many Sylvester the Cat and Tweety Bird animated shorts throughout the 1950s and '60s is a Looney Tunes character that Baby Looney Tunes is an American Animated television series that shows Looney Tunes characters as Toddlers The show premiered Jim Henson's Muppet Babies was a popular American animated television series that aired from September 15, 1984 to December 29 Duck Dodgers is an American Animated television series, based on the classic cartoon short Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century Daffy Duck is an Animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of Porky Pig is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Bros Marvin the Martian (or Marvin Martian) is a Fictional character appearing in the Looney Tunes cartoons The Looney Tunes characters also made frequent cameos in the 1990 spinoff series Tiny Toon Adventures, where they played teachers and mentors to a younger generation of cartoon characters, plus occasional cameos in the later shows Animaniacs and Histeria! Most recently, Loonatics Unleashed, a futuristic version of the characters, aired on Kids' WB! It had a large fanbase, although the show was greeted with negative criticism from audiences familiar with the original versions of the characters. Steven Spielberg Presents Tiny Toon Adventures (also known as Tiny Toon Adventures or Tiny Toons) is an American Steven Spielberg Presents Animaniacs, usually referred to as Animaniacs, is an American animated series, distributed by Warner Bros Histeria! is an American Animated television series of the late-1990s created by Tom Ruegger (who also created Tiny Toon Adventures Loonatics Unleashed is an American Animated television series produced by Warner Bros Kids' WB is an online network that was launched on April 28, 2008.

Although the cartoons are seldom seen on mainstream TV, thanks to revival theatrical screenings, and the Golden Collection DVD box sets, the Looney Tunes and its characters have remained a part of Western animation heritage. The Looney Tunes Golden Collection is a yearly series of six four-disc DVD box sets from Warner Bros DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is

On October 22, 2007, Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons became available for the first time in High Definition via Microsoft's Xbox Live service, including some in Spanish. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Xbox Live (trademarked as Xbox LIVE) is an online multiplayer gaming and digital media delivery service created and operated by Microsoft Corporation ^[9]

Looney Tunes can currently be seen on the Kids WB! website. Kids' WB is an online network that was launched on April 28, 2008. ^[10]

Controversy

Stereotypes

A handful of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts from the World War II era are no longer aired on American television nor are they available for sale by Warner Bros. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including because of the racial stereotypes of African-Americans, Jews (especially in the earlier cartoons, despite the fact that all four of the Warner Bros. A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ were Jewish as well^[11]), Japanese, Chinese people, and Germans (especially during WWII, as in "Tokio Jokio") included in some of the cartoons. The are the dominant Ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent of these approximately 127 million are residents of Japan The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Tokio Jokio is a 1943 Looney Tunes short directed by US Corporal Norman McCabe. Eleven cartoons that prominently featured stereotypical black characters (and a few passing jokes about Japanese people, as was the case with Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs and Jungle Jitters) were withdrawn from distribution in 1968 and are known as the Censored Eleven. Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs (working title So White and de Sebben Dwarfs) is a Merrie Melodies animated cartoon directed Jungle Jitters is a one-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Merrie Melodies series produced in Technicolor The Censored Eleven is a group of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons that were withheld from syndication by This has caused dismay among some animation enthusiasts, who feel that they should have access to these shorts. There has been some success in returning these cartoons to the public; in 1999 all Speedy Gonzales cartoons were made unavailable because of their alleged stereotyping of Mexicans, but because the level of stereotyping was minor compared to the World War II era cartoons as well as the protests of many Hispanics who said they were not offended and fondly remembered Speedy Gonzales cartoons from their youth, these shorts were made available for broadcast again in 2002. Speedy Gonzales, "the fastest mouse in all Mexico " is an animated cartoon Mouse from the Warner Brothers Looney Tunes Demographic dynamics In 1900 the Mexican population was 136 million Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically

In addition to these most notorious cartoons, many Warner cartoons contain fleeting or sometimes extended gags that reference then-common racial or ethnic stereotypes. The release of the Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 3 includes a disclaimer at the beginning of each DVD in the volume given by Whoopi Goldberg which explains that the cartoons are products of their time and contain racial and ethnic stereotypes that these days would be considered offensive, but the cartoons are going to be presented on the DVD uncut and uncensored because editing them out and therefore denying that the stereotypes existed is almost as bad as condoning them. Looney Tunes Golden Collection Volume 3 is a DVD box set from Warner Home Video that was released on October 25 2005 DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is Whoopi Goldberg (born Caryn Elaine Johnson; November 13, 1955) is an American actress, comedienne, and television

A written disclaimer, similar to the words spoken by Goldberg in Volume 3, is shown at the beginning of each DVD in the Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 4 and Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 5 sets:

The cartoons you are about to see are products of their time. Looney Tunes Golden Collection Volume 4 is a Looney Tunes collection on DVD. Looney Tunes Golden Collection Volume 5 is a Looney Tunes collection on DVD They may depict some of the ethnic and racial prejudices that were commonplace in American society. These depictions were wrong then and they are wrong today. While the following does not represent the Warner Bros. view of today's society, these cartoons are being presented as they were originally created, because to do otherwise would be the same as claiming that these prejudices never existed.

Dubbed versions

WB has also had controversy over Turner Entertainment’s "dubbed version" prints, used on many pre-1948 cartoons beginning in 1995. Turner Entertainment Company Inc is an American media company founded by Ted Turner. In Sound recording, dubbing is the transfer or copying of previously recorded audio material from one medium to another of the same or a different type These versions were actually new ones derived (hence the "dubbed" moniker) from earlier-generation prints of whatever versions of shorts were available, even if they were the altered "blue ribbon" prints. These "dubbed versions" had many alterations. They have a generic end card (with either orange or red rings), with a disclaiming copyright to Turner, thus replacing the original colored cards (ala Blue Ribbon Merrie Melodies). Many animation fans have believed that changing the end card was a bad move on many of the pre-1948 cartoons, especially "The Old Grey Hare", which features a static version of the end card shaking from an off-screen explosion. The Old Grey Hare is a 1944 Warner Bros cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series directed by Bob Clampett, written by Michael Because of the generic end card, this ending gag was obliterated in the dubbed version, though there is also a second dubbed version which preserves the gag. In this version, the original end card shakes, and the Turner disclaimer fades up at the end.

In almost all cases, the original end title music was kept, although sometimes an earlier or later version of the closing theme is heard on the titles.

These "dubbed versions", which continue to be shown on cable and broadcast television to this day, are not representative of the original theatrical release versions of the "Looney Tunes" and "Merrie Melodies" shorts. Despite Warner Bros. /Turner's best efforts to include the best available versions of the shorts possible on DVD, several "dubbed version" cartoons have been released on DVD, either in special 2-disc editions of the WB/Turner classic films or on their Looney Tunes Golden Collection 4-disc DVD sets.

Colorization

In 1967, the Warner Bros. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. -Seven Arts company reissued all the black-and-white Looney Tunes in a primitive colorization process. Film colorization is any process that involves adding Color to Black and white, sepia or monochrome moving-picture images The original prints were sent to South Korea where artists re-traced each cartoon frame-by-frame in color. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː

These cartoons continued to be seen over the decades, and even some of the hand-colored cartoons ended up on low-budget bargain-bin home video labels (the hand-colored versions were copyrighted, but it has been suggested they too have fallen into the public domain). The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

Then, in 1990, 1992 and 1995, Warner Bros. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 released the classic black-and-white shorts again in color, but this time using a digital colorization process rather than re-coloring them frame-by-frame as in 1967. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The digital color versions have aired on the Turner networks (Cartoon Network and Boomerang except on the programming block Late Night Black And White). Boomerang is a 24-hour American Cable television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System (a division of Time Warner) Incidentally, the 1967 hand-drawn color versions continued to be seen on the Turner networks until Looney Tunes were pulled from the airwaves in 2007. Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Ownership

In the early 1950s, Warner Bros. sold its black-and-white Looney Tunes to Sunset Productions. Warners insisted that the opening and closing titles be changed to remove all references to Warner Bros. The cartoons were distributed by Guild Films until it was sold to Motion Pictures for Television. In the 1960s, Seven Arts Productions bought that company. Seven Arts Productions was founded in 1957 by Ray Stark and Eliot Hyman. In 1967, Seven Arts merged with Warner Bros. to create Warner Bros.-Seven Arts thus putting those films back in Warners' ownership. Warner Bros-Seven Arts was formed in 1967, when Seven Arts Productions acquired Jack Warner 's controlling interest in Warner Bros [1]

In 1957, Associated Artists Productions acquired for television most of Warner Bros. Associated Artists Productions ( aap ' pre-1948 library, including all Merrie Melodies (except for "Lady Play Your Mandolin") and color Looney Tunes shorts. Lady Play Your Mandolin! was the first Warner Bros Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Rudolf Ising of Harman and Ising Unlike the sale to Sunset Productions, AAP was allowed to keep the Warner titles intact and simply inserted an "Associated Artists Productions presents" title at the head of each reel so each Merrie Melodie cartoon had the song Merrily We Roll Along playing twice. " Merrily We Roll Along " is a song loosely based on the 1847 song " Good Night Ladies " by E [2] AAP was later sold to United Artists, who merged the company into its television division—United Artists Television. This article is about the film studio Previously it was affiliated with a cinema chain bearing its name now owned by Regal Entertainment Group. For the company that now owns United Artists Television see United Artists.

In 1981, UA was sold to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, and 5 years later, Ted Turner acquired the MGM library—which also included U. Robert Edward "Ted" Turner III (born November 19, 1938) is an American Media proprietor and philanthropist. S. rights to the RKO Pictures library, in addition to its own pre-1986 material, the classic Warner Bros. library, and some of UA's own product, in an attempt to take over MGM. Turner's company, Turner Broadcasting System (whose Turner Entertainment division oversaw the film library), merged with Time Warner in 1996, thus the classic library was once again under ownership of WB (although technically they are owned by Turner, with WB handling sales and distribution). Turner Broadcasting System Inc (often abbreviated TBS Networks or TBS Inc Turner Entertainment Company Inc is an American media company founded by Ted Turner. Time Warner Inc ( is the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered in New York City.

All the while, WB was able to retain the rights to "Lady Play Your Mandolin" and the black-and-white Looney Tunes, even though they all fell into the public domain (WB holds the original film elements)—a majority of these public domain shorts have been released on many low-budget independent home video labels. As of 2006, all WB's animated output (including the post-'48 shorts WB also kept) are under the same Time Warner umbrella of ownership.

UA (under the pre-WB/Turner-merger management of MGM/UA Home Video) officially released numerous compilations of the classic pre-'48 cartoons on VHS and LaserDisc, most of these under the title The Golden Age of Looney Tunes. MGM Home Entertainment is the Home video and DVD distribution arm of MGM. The Laserdisc (LD is an obsolete Home video disc format and was the first commercial Optical disc storage medium Today, Warner Home Video holds the video rights to the entire Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies animated output by virtue of WB's ownership of Turner Entertainment—this is why their Looney Tunes Golden Collection DVD box sets include cartoons from both the pre-'48 Turner-owned and post-'48 WB owned periods. The Looney Tunes Golden Collection is a yearly series of six four-disc DVD box sets from Warner Bros For many years, the pre-'48 cartoons have been shown on TV with severe age-wearing, due in part to UA being uninterested in keeping the prints fresh - with these DVD box sets, the pre-'48 shorts are being restored and remastered to eliminate the age-wearing.

Awards

Five of the Looney Tunes have been selected to the National Film Registry:

• What's Opera, Doc? (1957) selected in 1992
• Show Biz Bugs (1957) selected in 1996
• Duck Amuck (1953) selected in 1999
• Porky in Wackyland (1938) selected in 2000
• One Froggy Evening (1955) selected in 2003

Academy Awards for Best Short Subject (Animation):

• Tweetie Pie (1947)
• For Scent-imental Reasons (1949)
• Speedy Gonzales (1955)
• Birds Anonymous (1957)
• Knighty Knight Bugs (1958)

Academy Award nominations:

• It's Got Me Again! (1931-1932)
• Detouring America (1939)
• A Wild Hare (1940)
• Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt (1941)
• Rhapsody in Rivets (1941)
• Pigs in a Polka (1942)
• Greetings Bait (1943)
• Swooner Crooner (1944)
• Life with Feathers (1945)
• Walky Talky Hawky (1946)
• Mouse Wreckers (1948)
• From A to Z-Z-Z-Z (1953)
• Sandy Claws (1954)
• Tabasco Road (1957)
• Mexicali Shmoes (1959)
• Mouse and Garden (1960)
• High Note (1960)
• Beep Prepared (1961)
• Nelly's Folly (1961)
• Now Hear This (1962)
• Daffy Duck and Egghead (1938)

Time magazine's Richard Corliss named the DVD box set Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 5 one of the Top 10 DVDs of 2007, ranking it at #4. The National Film Registry is the registry of Films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of What's Opera Doc? is a 1957 Animated cartoon short in the Merrie Melodies series directed by Chuck Jones for Show Biz Bugs is a Warner Bros animated short originally released to theaters on November 2, 1957. Duck Amuck is a surreal Animated cartoon directed by Chuck Jones and produced by Warner Bros Porky in Wackyland is a 1938 Animated Short film, directed by Robert Clampett for Leon Schlesinger Productions as part One Froggy Evening is an approximately seven-minute long Technicolor Animated short film written by Michael Maltese and directed by Tweetie Pie is a 1947 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Friz Freleng and produced by Warner Bros For Scent-imental Reasons is a 1949 Warner Bros Looney Tunes short directed by Chuck Jones, written by Michael Speedy Gonzales is a 1955 Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Friz Freleng from a story by Warren Foster. Birds Anonymous is a 1957, Academy Award -winning Merrie Melodies animated short directed by Friz Freleng and written Knighty Knight Bugs is a 1958 Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Friz Freleng and released by Warner Bros A Wild Hare (re-released as The Wild Hare) is a Warner Bros Merrie Melodies Animated Short film. Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt is a Warner Bros cartoon in the Merrie Melodies series starring Bugs Bunny and Hiawatha, Pigs in a Polka is a one-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Merrie Melodies series produced in Technicolor and Greetings Bait (1943 is a seven-minute Academy Award -nominated Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. Swooner Crooner is a 1944 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Frank Tashlin Life with Feathers is a 1945 Merrie Melodies cartoon directed by Friz Freleng and produced and released by Warner Bros Walky Talky Hawky is a Henery Hawk / Foghorn Leghorn animated short film from Warner Bros From A to Z-Z-Z-Z is a 1953 Animated cartoon short by Chuck Jones in the Looney Tunes series Tabasco Road was a 1957 Speedy Gonzales cartoon part of the Looney Tunes series Mexicali Shmoes is a 1959 Looney Tunes Cartoon directed by Friz Freleng. HighNote Records is an American Record label based in New York City, specializing in Jazz music Beep Prepared is a Warner Brothers Merrie Melodies theatrical cartoon short released in 1961. Daffy Duck & Egghead is a 1937-produced 1938-released Warner Bros Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Richard Nelson Corliss (born 1943 is a writer for Time magazine who focuses on Movies, with the occasional article on music or sports Looney Tunes Golden Collection Volume 5 is a Looney Tunes collection on DVD ^[12]

It should also be noted that, in an ironic sense, the Looney Tunes have never won an Annie Award (which is designed primarly to award animation), mainly because the Annies first started in 1991 (22 years after the final classic Looney Tunes short) and because newer Looney Tunes-related shorts and movies that were nominated for Annie Awards were beaten by rival shorts and movies (mainly ones made by Disney and Pixar). Pixar Animation Studios is a CGI animation production company based in Emeryville California.

United States

• Boomerang (2000-2007)
• Cartoon Network (1992-2005,brief return in 2006)
• Nickelodeon (1988-1999)
• TNT
• TBS
• Syndication (1954-2007)
• The WB (1995-2000)
• ABC (1960-1968, 1971-75, 1985-2000)
• CBS (1966-1973, 1975-1985)

See also

• List of Looney Tunes characters
• Merrie Melodies
• Termite Terrace
• Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography
• Looney Tunes Golden Collection
• Looney Tunes CDs
• Looney Tunes Video Show
• List of modern Looney Tunes characters
• Duck Dodgers
• Baby Looney Tunes
• Taz-Mania

References

Notes

External links

• Official Looney Tunes site
• Looney Tunes at the Big Cartoon DataBase
• Wikia has a wiki on this subject: Looney Tunes
• Looney Tunes characters on the Cartoon Spot

Bold text The Big Cartoon DataBase ( BCDB) is an online database of information about Animated cartoons, animated feature films, animated Wikia (originally Wikicities) is a selective Free web hosting service for Wikis (or Wiki farm) operated by Wikia Inc

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