Longman was a publishing company founded in London, England in 1724. Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. It is now an imprint of Pearson Education. In the Publishing Industry, an imprint can refer to two different things It can mean a Brand name under which a work is published Pearson Education is an international publisher of textbooks and other educational material such as multimedia learning tools
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History
Beginnings
The Longman company was founded by Thomas Longman(1) (1699-1755), the son of Ezekiel Longman (d. 1708), a gentleman of Bristol. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Thomas was apprenticed in 1716 to John Osborn, a London bookseller, and at the expiration of his apprenticeship married Osborn's daughter. In August 1724, he purchased the stock and household goods of William Taylor, the first publisher of Robinson Crusoe, for £2282 9s 6d. The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (of York Mariner Who lived Eight and Twenty Years all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America near the Mouth Taylor’s two shops in Paternoster Row, London, were known respectively as the Black Swan and the Ship, and became the publishing house premises. Paternoster Square is an urban development owned by the Mitsubishi Estate Co
Longman entered into partnership with his father-in-law, Osborn, who held one-sixth of the shares in Ephraim Chambers's Cyclopaedia (1728). Ephraim Chambers (c 1680 - 15 May 1740) was an English writer and Encyclopedist, who is primarily known for producing the Cyclopaedia Cyclopaedia or A Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences ( folio, 2 vols Longman himself was one of the six booksellers who undertook the responsibility of Samuel Johnson's Dictionary (1746–1755). Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (18 September Published on 15 April 1755 and written by Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, sometimes published as Johnson's Dictionary, is among
Second and third generations
In 1754, Longman took into partnership his nephew, Thomas Longman(2) (1730-1797), and the title of the firm became T. and T. Longman. Upon the death of his uncle in 1755, Longman(2) became sole proprietor. He greatly extended the colonial trade of the firm. In 1794 he took Owen Rees as a partner; in the same year, Thomas Brown (c. 1777–1869) entered the house as an apprentice.
Longman(2) had three sons. Of these, Thomas Norton Longman(3) (1771-1842) succeeded to the business. In 1804 two more partners were admitted, and the former apprentice Brown became a partner in 1811; in 1824 the title of the firm was changed to Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green.
In 1799 Longman(3) purchased the copyright of Lindley Murray's English Grammar, which had an annual sale of about 50,000 copies. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Lindley Murray ( 7 June, 1745 &ndash 16 January, 1826) Grammarian, was born in a house near his father's mill just north of About 1800 he also purchased the copyright of Southey's Joan of Arc and Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads, from Joseph Cottle of Bristol. Robert Southey ( August 12, 1774 &ndash March 21, 1843) was an English Poet of the Romantic school one He published the works of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey and Scott, and acted as London agent for the Edinburgh Review, which was started in 1802. Samuel Taylor Coleridge ( 21 October 1772 &ndash 25 July 1834) was an English Poet, Critic and philosopher Sir Walter Scott 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 &ndash 21 September 1832 was a prolific Scottish Historical novelist and Poet popular throughout The Edinburgh Review, founded in 1802 was one of the most influential British Magazines of the 19th century
In 1814 arrangements were made with Thomas Moore for the publication of Laila Rookh, for which he was paid £3000; and when Archibald Constable failed in 1826, Longmans became the proprietors of the Edinburgh Review. Thomas Moore (28 May 1779 &ndash 25 February 1852 was an Irish poet singer songwriter and Entertainer, now best remembered for the lyrics of The Minstrel Archibald Constable (24 February 1774 - 21 July 1827 was a Scottish Publisher, Bookseller and Stationer. The Edinburgh Review, founded in 1802 was one of the most influential British Magazines of the 19th century They issued in 1829 Lardner’s Cabinet Encyclopaedia, and in 1832 McCulloch's Commercial Dictionary. Dionysius Lardner ( April 3, 1793 - April 29, 1859) was an Irish scientific writer who popularised science and technology and edited John Ramsey McCulloch ( 1 March 1789 - 11 November 1864) was widely regarded as the leader of the Ricardian school of economists
Fourth and fifth generations
Thomas Norton Longman(3) died on August 29, 1842, leaving his two sons, Thomas(4) (1804-1879) and William Longman (1813-1877), in control of the business in Paternoster Row. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Their first success was the publication of Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome, which was followed in 1841 by the issue of the first two volumes of his History of England, which in a few years had a sale of 40,000 copies.
The two brothers were well known for their literary talent. Thomas Longman(4) edited a beautifully illustrated edition of the New Testament, and William Longman was the author of several important books, among them a History of the Three Cathedrals dedicated to St Paul (1869) and a work on the History of the Life and Times of Edward III (1873). In 1863 the firm took over the business of Mr JW Parker, and with it Fraser's Magazine, and the publication of the works of John Stuart Mill and JA Froude; while in 1890 they incorporated with their own all the publications of the old firm of Rivington, established in 1711. Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country was a general and literary Journal, which initially took a strong Tory line in politics John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806 &ndash 8 May 1873 British Philosopher, political economist, civil servant and Member of Parliament, was an influential James Anthony Froude (Froude rhymes with rood) (23 April 1818 &ndash 20 October 1894 was a controversial English Historian, Novelist, Charles Rivington ( 1688 - February 22, 1742) British Publisher, eldest son of Thurston Rivington and brought out an edition The family control of the firm (later Longmans, Green & Co. ) was continued by Thomas Norton Longman(5), son of Thomas Longman(4).
1900 onwards
In December, 1940, Longman's Paternoster Row offices were destroyed in The Blitz, along with most of the company's stock. The Blitz was the sustained bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941 in World War II. The company survived this crisis, however, and became a public company in 1948. Longman was acquired by the media conglomerate Pearson in 1968. Pearson plc () is a London -based media conglomerate. It is the largest book Publisher in the UK, India, Australia In 1972, Mark Longman, last of the Longman family to run the company, died.
Longman continues to exist as an imprint of Pearson Education, under the name Pearson Longman. Pearson Education is an international publisher of textbooks and other educational material such as multimedia learning tools Pearson Longman specializes in English, including English as a second or foreign language, history,economics, philosophy, political science, and religion.
See also
External links
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Badminton Library, called in full The Badminton Library of Sports and Pastimes, was a sporting and publishing project conceived and founded by Henry Somerset 8th The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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