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Longchenpa
Tibetan name
Tibetan: ཀློང་ཆེན་པ་
Wylie transliteration: klong chen rab ’byams pa
pronunciation in IPA: [lɔŋtɕʰẽpa]
official transcription (PRC): Longqên Rabjamba (Longqênba)
THDL: Longchen Rapchampa (Longchenpa)
other transcriptions: —
Chinese name
traditional: 隆欽然絳巴
simplified: 隆钦然绛巴
Pinyin: Lóngqīn Ránjiàngbā

Longchenpa or Longchen Rabjampa (1308 – 1364 or possibly 1369) was a major teacher in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. Tibetan pinyin is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People's Republic of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The THDL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THDL Phonetic Transcription for short is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug) Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including Along with Sakya Pandita and Je Tsongkhapa, he is commonly recognized as one of the three main manifestations of Manjushri to have taught in Central Tibet. Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyeltsen or Kunga Gylatshan Pal Zangpo (1182&ndash1251 was a Tibetan spiritual leader and Buddhist scholar and the fourth of the Five Tsongkhapa ( (1357 &ndash 1419 whose name means "The Man from Onion Valley" was a famous teacher of Tibetan Buddhism whose activities led later to the formation Manjusri ( Ch: Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European His major work is the Seven Treasures, which encapsulates the previous 600 years of Buddhist thought in Tibet. The Seven Treasuries are a collection of seven works some with auto-commentaries by the Tibetan Buddhist teacher Longchenpa. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European Longchenpa was a critical link in the transmission of the Dzogchen teachings. According to some schools of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural primordial state or natural condition of every sentient Being He was abbot of Samye, one of Tibet's most important monasteries and the first Buddhist monastery established in the Himalaya, but spent most of his life travelling or in retreat. The Samye Monastery or Samye Gompa ( is the first Buddhist Monastery built in Tibet, constructed in approximately 775 AD under Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European The term retreat has several related meanings all of which have in common the notion of safety or temporarily removing oneself from one's usual environment in order to become immersed

Contents

Nomenclature and etymology

Apart from Longchenpa's names given below, he is sometimes referred to by the honorary title "Second Buddha" (Tib. rgyal ba gnyis), a term usually preserved for Guru Padmasambhava and indicative of the high regard in which he and his teachings are held. A guru (गुरु গুরু is a person who is regarded as having great knowledge wisdom and authority in a certain area and uses it to guide others Padmasambhava () The Lotus Born, is said to have transmitted Tantric Buddhism to Bhutan and Tibet in the 8th century. Like the Third Karmapa Rangjung Dorje, Rongzompa and Jigme Lingpa, he carried the title "Kunkhyen" (Tibetan; "All-Knowing"). The Karmapa (officially His Holiness the Gyalwa Karmapa) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyupa ( Tibetan Rangjung Dorje ( Wylie: rang 'byung rdo rje) (b 1284 - d 1339 was the third Karmapa, an important figure in the history of Tibetan Buddhism Jigme Lingpa (Tibetan 'Jigs-med gling-pa (1729-1798 was one of the most important tertöns of Tibet.

Various forms and spellings of Longchenpa's full name(s), in which 'Longchen' holds the semantic field "Great Expanse," "Vast Space," or "Immense Knowledge":

  • Longchen Rabjam (klong chen rab 'byams; realization of vast knowledge)
  • Longchen Rabjampa (klong chen rab 'byams pa)
  • Longchenpa Drimey Özer (klong chen pa dri med 'od zer)
  • Künkhyen Longchenpa (kun mkhyen klong chen pa; the omniscient Longchenpa)
  • Künkhyen Longchen Rabjam (kun mkhyen klong chen rab 'byams)
  • Künkhyen Chenpo (kun mkhyen chen po; Omniscient Great One)
  • Künkhyen Chenpo Drimey Özer (kun mkhyen chen po dri med 'od zer)
  • Künkhyen Chökyi (kun mkhyen chos kyi rgyal po; All-knowing Dharma King)
  • Gyalwa Longchen Rabjam (rgyal ba klong chen rab 'byams)
  • Gyalwa Longchen Rabjam Drimey Özer (rgyal ba klong chen rab 'byams dri med 'od zer)

Biography

A reincarnation of Pema Ledrel Tsal, as such Longchenpa is regarded as an indirect incarnation of the princess Pema Sal. The semantic field of a Word is the set of Sememes (distinct meanings expressed by the word He was born to master Tenpasung, an adept at both the sciences and the practice of mantra, and Dromza Sonamgyen, who was descended from the family of Dromton Gyelwie Jungne. A mantra ( Devanāgarī मन्त्र (or mantram is a religious or mystical syllable or poem typically from the Sanskrit language Longchenpa was first ordained at the age of eleven and studied extensively with the Third Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje. The Karmapa (officially His Holiness the Gyalwa Karmapa) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyupa ( Tibetan Rangjung Dorje ( Wylie: rang 'byung rdo rje) (b 1284 - d 1339 was the third Karmapa, an important figure in the history of Tibetan Buddhism He received not only the Nyingma transmissions as passed down in his family, but also studied with many of the great teachers of his day without regard to sect. The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug) He thus received the combined Kadam and Sakya teachings of the Sutrayana through his main Sakya teacher, Palden Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen, in addition to the corpus of both old and new translation tantras. This articles concerns the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism For information on the ancient Śākya tribe see Shakya. Sutrayana, in the Dzogchen three-fold classification of yanas, is the yana (mode of practice that leads to the realization of emptiness. This articles concerns the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism For information on the ancient Śākya tribe see Shakya. Tantra ( Sanskrit: तन्त्र; " Weave " denoting continuity) tantricism or tantrism is any of several esoteric At the age of nineteen, Longchenpa entered the famous shedra (monastic college) Sangpu Neutok, where he acquired great scholarly wisdom. Shedra is a Tibetan word meaning "place of learning" but specifically refers to the educational program in Tibetan Buddhist monasteries He later chose to practise in the solitude of the mountains, after becoming disgusted by the unpleasant behavior of certain scholars.

When he was in his late twenties two events occurred that were to be of decisive importance in his intellectual and spiritual development. One was a vision of Guru Padmasambhava and his consort Yeshe Tsogyal, and the other was his meeting with the great mystic Rigdzin Kumaradza (alt. Yeshe Tsogyel, also known in the Nyingma tradition as the Great Bliss Queen, is a semi-mythical female Deity or figure of enlightenment ( Rigdzin Kumaradza (1266-1343 is a famed Dzogchen master in the lineague of the Vima Nyingthig. Kumaraja). Rigdzin Kumaradza (1266-1343 is a famed Dzogchen master in the lineague of the Vima Nyingthig. It was in the mountains that he met Rigdzin Kumaradza, who was traveling from valley to valley with his students under the most difficult of circumstances. Together with Rangjung Dorje, Longchenpa accompanied them for two years, during which time he received all of Rigdzin Kumaradza's transmissions. Rangjung Dorje ( Wylie: rang 'byung rdo rje) (b 1284 - d 1339 was the third Karmapa, an important figure in the history of Tibetan Buddhism Through the efforts of these three, the diverse streams of the "Innermost Essence" (nying thig) teachings of Dzogchen were brought together and codified into one of the common grounds between the Nyingma and Karma Kagyud traditions. According to some schools of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural primordial state or natural condition of every sentient Being The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug) Karma Kagyu ( or Kamtsang, is the largest lineage within the Kagyu school one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

After several years in retreat, Lonchenpa attracted more and more students, even though he had spent nearly all of his life in mountain caves. During a stay in Bhutan (Tib. The Kingdom of Bhutan (buːˈtɑːn is a Landlocked nation in South Asia. , Mon), Longchenpa fathered a daughter and a son, of which the latter, Trugpa Odzer (b. 1356), also became a holder of the Nyingtig lineage. A detailed account of the life and teachings of Longchenpa is found in Buddha Mind by Tulku Thondup Rinpoche. A tulku ( also tülku, trulku) is a Tibetan Buddhist Lama who has through Phowa and Siddhi, consciously

Pema Lingpa the famous terton (finder of sacred texts) is regarded as an incarnation of Longchenpa. Pema Lingpa or Padma Lingpa ( (1450-1521 was a famous Saint and Siddha of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Terma are key Tibetan Buddhist and Bön teachings originally Esoterically secreted hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and his

Works

Longchenpa is widely considered the single most important writer on the Dzogchen teachings. According to some schools of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural primordial state or natural condition of every sentient Being He is credited with more than 250 works, both as author and compiler, among which are the famous Seven Treasures (mdzod bdun), the Trilogy of Natural Freedom (rang grol skor gsum), the Trilogy of Natural Ease (ngal gso skor gsum), his Trilogy of Dispelling Darkness, and his compilation - plus commentaries - of the Nyingtig Yabshi. The Seven Treasuries are a collection of seven works some with auto-commentaries by the Tibetan Buddhist teacher Longchenpa. Trilogy of Finding Comfort and Ease ( ngal gso skor gsum) - A trilogy of Dzogchen writings by Longchen Rabjam: Finding Comfort and Ease Trilogy of Dispelling Darkness ( mun sel skor gsum) - are three commentaries on the Guhyagarbha tantra by Longchenpa. Nyingtig Yabshi ( One of the most famous collections of Dzogchen scriptures He is also a commentator of the Kunyed Gyalpo Tantra (Tib. The Kulayarāja Tantra ( Tibetan phonetically Kunjed Gyalpo,; English translation "All-Creating King" is a Buddhist Tantra extant in Tibetan which centers , kun byed rgyal po'i rgyud; "The King Who Creates Everything"), a text belonging to the Mind Class (Tib. Semde ( Sems-sde) translated as "mind division" "mind series" or "mind school" is the name of one of three scriptural and lineage divisions , sems sde) of the Ati Yoga Inner Tantras. According to some schools of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural primordial state or natural condition of every sentient Being The Inner Tantras are the final three divisions in the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism

Longchenpa combined the teachings of the Vima Nyingtig lineage with those of the Khandro Nyingtig, thus preparing the ground for the fully unified system of teachings that became known as the Longchen Nyingtig (by Jigme Lingpa). Longchen Nyingthig ( is a systematic explanation of Dzogchen within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Jigme Lingpa (Tibetan 'Jigs-med gling-pa (1729-1798 was one of the most important tertöns of Tibet.

Translations in English

Notes


External links

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