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The Long Parliament is the name of the English Parliament called by Charles I, on 3 November 1640,[1] following the Bishops' Wars. This article is a List of Parliaments of England Devolved English Parliament is about the debate on a devolved parliament for England Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. It receives its name from the fact that by a unique Act of Parliament, it could only be dissolved with the agreement of the members,[2] and those members did not agree to its dissolution until after the English Civil War and at the end of Interregnum in 1660. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The English Interregnum was the period of Parliamentary and Military rule in the land occupied by modern-day England and Wales after the [3] It sat from 1640 until 1649, when it was purged by the New Model Army of those who were not sympathetic to the Army's concerns. The New Model Army was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War. Those members who remained after the Army's purge became known as the Rump Parliament. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those During the Protectorate the Rump was replaced by other Parliamentary assemblies, only to be recalled after Oliver Cromwell's death in 1658 by the Army in the hope of restoring credibility to the Army's rule. In British history, the Protectorate was the period 1653&ndash1659 during which the Commonwealth of England Scotland and Ireland was governed by a Lord Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known When this failed, General George Monck allowed the members barred in 1649 to retake their seats so that they could pass the necessary legislation to initiate the Restoration and dissolve the Long Parliament. George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored This cleared the way for a new Parliament, known as the Convention Parliament, to be elected. The term Convention Parliament has been applied to three different English Parliaments of 1399 1660 and 1689

Contents

1640–1648

The sole reason Charles I assembled Parliament was to ask it to pass finance bills, since the Bishops' Wars had bankrupted him.

The Parliament was initially influenced by John Pym and his supporters. John Pym (1584 &ndash December 8, 1643) was an English parliamentarian, leader of the Long Parliament and a prominent critic of In August 1641, it enacted legislation depriving Charles I of the powers that he had assumed since his accession. The reforms were designed to negate the possibility of Charles ruling absolutely again. The parliament also freed those imprisoned by the Star Chamber. For the online trading card game see Star Chamber The Harbinger Saga. A Triennial Act was passed, requiring that no more than three years should elapse between sessions of Parliament and the Dissolution Act which required the Long Parliament's consent to its own dissolution. The Triennial Act 1641 (16 Cha I c 1 (also known as the Dissolution Act) was an Act passed on 15 February 1641 by the English Long Parliament The Triennial Act 1641 (16 Cha I c 1 (also known as the Dissolution Act) was an Act passed on 15 February 1641 by the English Long Parliament Parliament was also responsible for the impeachment and subsequent execution of the king's advisers, Archbishop William Laud and Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead Archbishop William Laud (7 October 1573 - 10 January 1645 was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1633 to 1645 Thomas Wentworth 1st Earl of Strafford ( April 13, 1593 &ndash May 12, 1641) was an English statesman and a major figure in

The Irish Rebellion which started in October 1641 brought the control of the army back into the discussions between King and Parliament. The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began as an attempted Coup d'état by Irish Catholic gentry but developed into inter communal violence between native Led by John Pym, Parliament presented the King with the Grand Remonstrance which was passed in the Commons by 11 votes (159 - 148) on 22 November 1641. The Grand Remonstrance was a list of grievances presented to King Charles I of England by the English Parliament on 1 December, 1641, during Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran It listed over 150 perceived "misdeeds" of Charles' reign including the Church (under the influence of foreign papists) and royal advisers (also "have[ing] engaged themselves to further the interests of some foreign powers") the second half of the Remonstrance proposed solutions to the "misdeeds" including church reform and Parliamentary influence over the appointment of royal ministers. December 1641 Parliament asserted that it wanted control over the appointment of the commanders of the Army and Navy in the Militia Ordinance . The Militia Ordinance was a piece of legislation passed by the Long Parliament of England in March 1642, which was a major step towards the The king rejected the Grand Remonstrance and refused to give royal assent to the Militia Bill.

The King believed that Puritans (or Dissenters) encouraged by five vociferous members of the House of Commons, John Pym, John Hampden, Denzil Holles, Sir Arthur Haselrig and William Strode along with Lord Mandeville (the future Earl of Manchester) who sat in the House of Lords, had encouraged the Scots to invade England in the recent Bishops' Wars and that they were intent on turning the London mob against him. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, The term dissenter (from the Latin dissentire, “to disagree” labels one who dissents or disagrees in matters of opinion belief etc John Hampden (c 1595 &ndash 1643 was an English politician the eldest son of William Hampden of Hampden House, Great Hampden in Buckinghamshire Denzil Holles 1st Baron Holles ( October 31, 1599 &ndash February 17, 1680) was an English statesman and Writer, best Sir Arthur Haselrig 2nd Baronet (died 7 January 1661 English parliamentarian, is best remembered as one of the five members of parliament whom King Charles For the poet of the same name see William Strode (poet William Strode (1598-1645 English parliamentarian, second son of Sir William Strode Edward Montagu 2nd Earl of Manchester KG, KB, FRS (1602 &ndash May 5, 1671) was an important commander of Parliamentary When rumours reached the court that they were also planning to impeach the Queen for alleged involvement in Catholic plots Charles decided to arrest them for treason.

The Speaker of the House during the Long Parliament was William Lenthall. William Lenthall (1591 – 9 November 1662) was an English Politician of the Civil War period Speaker of the House On 4 January 1642 the king entered the House of Commons to seize the five members. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Having taken the speaker's chair and looked round in vain to discover the offending members commenting "I see the birds have flown", Charles turned to Lenthall standing below, and demanded of him whether any of those persons were in the House, whether he saw any of them and where they were. Lenthall fell on his knees and replied: "May it please your Majesty, I have neither eyes to see nor tongue to speak in this place but as the House is pleased to direct me, whose servant I am here. "[4]

After his failure to capture the five members, and fearing for his family's lives, Charles left London for Oxford. Most of the royalist members of Parliament left to join him there where they formed the Oxford Parliament. The Oxford Parliament (in Oxford, England) — also known as the King's Oxford Parliament — assembled for the first time 22 January 1644 Without its royalist members, the Long Parliament continued to sit during the Civil War and beyond because of the Dissolution Act. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists.

In March 1642 with the King absent from London and the war clouds gathering, Parliament decreed that its own Parliamentary Ordinances were valid laws without royal assent. The Militia Ordinance was passed on 5 March by Parliament which gave Parliament control of the local militia called Trained Bands. The Militia Ordinance was a piece of legislation passed by the Long Parliament of England in March 1642, which was a major step towards the Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Control of the London Trained Bands was the most strategically critical because they could protect the radical members of Parliament from armed intervention against them by any soldiers which Charles had near the capital. In response to the Militia Ordinance, Charles revived the Commissions of Array as a means of summoning an army instead. A Commission of Array was a commission given by English royalty to officers or gentry in a given territory to muster and array the inhabitants or see them in a condition


1649–1653 Rump Parliament

Main article Rump Parliament

Divisions emerged between various factions, culminating in Pride's Purge on 7 December 1648, when, under the orders of Oliver Cromwell's son-in-law Henry Ireton, Colonel Pride physically barred about half of the members of Parliament from taking their seats. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those Pride’s Purge took place in December 1648 when troops under the command of Colonel Thomas Pride forcibly removed from the House of Commons all those who were not Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Henry Ireton ( 1611 - November 26, 1651) was an English general in the army of Parliament during the English Civil War Thomas Pride (died October 23, 1658) was a parliamentarian general in the English Civil War, and best known as the instigator of " Pride's Many of the excluded members were Presbyterians. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity In the wake of the ejections, the remnant, the Rump Parliament, arranged for the trial and execution of Charles I. It was also responsible for the setting up of the Commonwealth of England in 1649. The Commonwealth of England was the Republican government which ruled first England (including Wales) and then Ireland and Scotland

Oliver Cromwell forcibly disbanded the Rump in 1653 when it seemed they might disband his expensive army of 50,000 men. It was followed by the Barebones Parliament and then the First, Second and Third Protectorate Parliament

1659 recall and 1660 restoration

After Richard Cromwell, who had succeeded his father Oliver as Lord Protector in 1658, was effectively deposed by an officers' coup in April, 1659, the officers re-summoned the Rump Parliament to sit. Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on 4 July 1653 and was the last attempt of the English The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government. The Second Protectorate Parliament in England sat for two sessions from 17 September 1656 until 4 February 1658, with Thomas The Third Protectorate Parliament sat for one session from 27 January 1659 until 22 April 1659, with Chaloner Chute and Thomas Richard Cromwell ( 4 October 1626 &ndash 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and the second Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Lord Protector is a particular British title for Heads of State with two meanings (and full styles at different periods of history It convened on 7 May 1659, but after five months in power it again clashed with the army (led by John Lambert) and was again forcibly dissolved on 13 October 1659. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses John Lambert could refer to John Lambert (British Army officer British Army general John William Lambert, American automotive pioneer Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Rule then passed to an unelected Committee of Safety, including Lambert; but as General George Monck, who had been Cromwell's viceroy in Scotland, began to march south, Lambert, who had ridden out to face him, lost support in London, the Navy declared for Parliament, and on 26 December 1659 the Rump was restored to power. George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht.

Monck, whom Lambert had failed to confront, continued his southward march. On 3 February 1660, Monck arrived in London. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states After an initial show of deference to the Rump, Monck quickly found them unwilling to cooperate with his plan for a free election of a new parliament; so on 21 February 1660 he reinstated the members 'secluded' by Pride, so that they could prepare legislation for the Convention Parliament. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland The term Convention Parliament has been applied to three different English Parliaments of 1399 1660 and 1689 Having called for elections for a Parliament to meet on 25 April, the Long Parliament dissolved itself on 16 March 1660. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king [3][5] This view was confirmed by a court ruling during the treason trial of Henry Vane the Younger. Sir Henry Vane ( 1613 - June 14, 1662) son of Henry Vane the Elder, served as a statesman and Member of Parliament in a career spanning

Succession

The Long Parliament was preceded by the Short Parliament. The Short Parliament ( 13 April - 5 May 1640) of King Charles I is so called because it lasted only three weeks It was purged by Pride to become the Rump Parliament, dissolved by Cromwell, restored (as the Rump) twice in 1659, restored to its pre-purge state by Monck, and succeeded by the Convention Parliament. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those The term Convention Parliament has been applied to three different English Parliaments of 1399 1660 and 1689

Notable members of the Long Parliament

Time line

See also

Further reading

Footnotes

  1. ^ This article uses the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January (For a more detailed explanation, see Old Style and New Style dates: Differences between the start of the year)
  2. ^ Full text of the Act against Dissolving the Long Parliament without its own Consent 11 May 1641
  3. ^ a b House of Commons Journal Volume 7: Dissolving Parliament 16 March 1660 (New Style)
  4. ^ By the time of the Restoration Lenthall seems to have forgotten his previous resolve when he consented to appear as a witness against the regicide Thomas Scot, for words spoken in the House of Commons while he was the Speaker. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good The Militia Ordinance was a piece of legislation passed by the Long Parliament of England in March 1642, which was a major step towards the Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, The Adventurers' Act is an Act of the Parliament of England, with the long title "An Act for the speedy and effectual reducing of the rebels in His Majesty's The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began as an attempted Coup d'état by Irish Catholic gentry but developed into inter communal violence between native Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. The Solemn League and Covenant was an agreement between the Scottish Covenanters and the leaders of the English Parliamentarians. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols The first Self-denying Ordinance was a bill moved on December 9, 1644 to deprive members of the Parliament of England from holding command in the army or Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. The Rump Parliament was the name of the English Parliament after Colonel Pride on December 6 1648 had purged Long Parliament of those Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways George Monck 1st Duke of Albemarle, KG ( 6 December 1608 &ndash 3 January 1670) was an English soldier and politician Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king This article is a List of Parliaments of England Devolved English Parliament is about the debate on a devolved parliament for England Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored The broad definition of regicide is the deliberate killing of a Monarch, or the person responsible for it Thomas Scot (died 17 October 1660) was an English Member of Parliament and one of the Regicides of King Charles I.
  5. ^ According to contemporary royalist legal theory, the Long Parliament was regarded as having been automatically dissolved form the moment of Charles I's execution on 30 January 1649. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain
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