Lokasenna (Loki's flyting, Loki's wrangling, Loki's quarrel) is one of the mythological poems of the Poetic Edda. The Poetic Edda is a collection of Old Norse poems primarily preserved in the Icelandic mediaeval Manuscript Codex Regius. In this poem the gods trade insults with Loki. In Cryptography, LOKI89 and LOKI91 are Block ciphers designed as possible replacements for the Data Encryption Standard (DES

Loki, amongst other things, accuses the gods of moralistic sexual impropriety, the practice of seidr, and bias. Moralism is the firm belief that humans are instilled with morals which govern themselves and by following these morals humans can achieve a more meaningful life than they would if Seid or seiðr is an Old Norse term for a type of Sorcery or Witchcraft which was practiced by the pre-Christian Norse. Not ostensibly the most serious of allegations, however these elements are said ultimately to lead to the onset of Ragnarok in the Eddic poem Völuspá. In Norse mythology, Ragnarök (rɑgnɑrɔk Old Norse "Final destiny of the gods" refers to a series of major events including a great battle foretold Völuspá ( Prophecy of the Völva) is the first and best known poem of the Poetic Edda. However, Lokasenna does not directly state that Loki's binding is as a consequence of the killing of Baldr. This is explicitly stated only in Snorri's Prose Edda. Snorri Sturluson (1178 – September 23, 1241) was an Icelandic historian poet and politician

Lee M. Hollander, in his introduction to his translation of the poem, claims that it was in no sense a popular lay and suggests we should not necessarily believe that the accusations of the "sly god" were an accepted part of the lore.

Contents 1 Plot 2 Excerpts 3 References 4 External links 4.1 English translations 4.2 Old Norse editions

Plot

The setting is a feast given by the sea god Ægir. Ægir ( Old Norse "sea" is a Jötunn and a king of the sea in Norse mythology. (In continuity, the prose introduction says: "Ægir, also named Gymir, had made ale for the Æsir, when he had received the great kettle of which was told" (see Hymiskviða)). Hymiskviða ( Hymir's poem; the name can be anglicized as Hymiskvitha, Hymiskvidha or Hymiskvida) is a poem collected in the Thor did not attend, but his wife Sif came in his stead as did Bragi and his wife Iðunn. Thor ( Old Norse: Þórr) is the red-haired and bearded God of Thunder in Germanic paganism and its subset Norse paganism Sif ("In-law-relationship" is a goddess in Norse mythology. Bragi is a Skaldic god in Norse mythology. Etymology Bragi is generally associated with bragr, the Norse word for Poetry Iðunn (possibly meaning "ever young" or "rejuvenator" is a goddess in Norse mythology. Tyr, by this time one-handed as a consequence of his sacrifice of his hand in the shackling of Loki's son, the wolf Fenrisulfr, attended, as did Niord and his wife Skaði, Freyr and Freyja, as well as Vidar, the son of Odin. Fenris redirects here See Fenrir (disambiguation for other uses Njörðr is a Vanir god in Norse mythology. In surviving sources Njörðr is the father of the major deities Freyr and Freyja by his unnamed "Frey" redirects here For other uses of Frey and Freyr, see Frey (disambiguation. Freyja (sometimes anglicized as Freya) is a major goddess in Norse Paganism, a subset of Germanic Paganism. In Norse mythology, Víðarr ( Old Norse, possibly "wide ruler" is a god among the Æsir associated with vengeance Many other Vanir, Æsir, and also elves were there. Vanir is the name of one of the two groups of gods in Norse mythology, the other and more well known being the Æsir. In Old Norse, áss (or ǫ́ss ás, plural æsir, feminine ásynja, feminine plural ásynjur) is the term denoting one of the principal An elf is a creature of Norse mythology. The elves were originally imagined as a race of minor nature and fertility gods, who are often pictured as youthful-seeming

The servants of Ægir, Fimafeng and Eldir, did a thorough job of welcoming the guests; Loki was jealous of the praise being heaped upon them and slew Fimafengr. Fimafeng is a servant of Ægir in Norse mythology. His name means "quick service" or "handy service In Norse mythology, Eldir was a servant of the giant Ægir. At the beginning of Lokasenna ( Loki 's verbal slandering of The gods were angry with Loki and drove him out of the hall, before returning to their carousing. On returning Loki encountered Eldir.

He threatened him and bade him reveal what the gods were talking about in their cups. Eldir's response was that they were discussing their might at arms, and that Loki was not welcomed.

Loki then enters the hall of Ægir after trading insults and threats with Eldir. A hush falls. Loki calls upon the rules of hospitality, demanding a seat and ale. Bragi then responds that he is unwelcome. Loki demands fulfillment of an ancient oath sworn with Odin that they should drink together. Odin asked his son Vidar to make a space for Loki.

Vidar rises and pours a drink for Loki. Before Loki drains his draught, he utters a toast to the gods but pointedly excludes Bragi from it. Bragi offers Loki a horse, a ring and a sword to placate him; Loki, however, is spoiling for a fight, and insults Bragi by questioning his courage. Bragi's response is that it would be contrary to the rules of correct behaviour to fight within his hosts' hall, but were they back in Asgard then things would be different. Iðunn, Bragi's wife, holds him back. Iðunn (possibly meaning "ever young" or "rejuvenator" is a goddess in Norse mythology. Loki then insults Iðunn, calling her sexually loose. Gefjon is the next to speak and then Loki turns his spite on her. Gefjun, Gefjon, or Gefion (possibly from Old Norse geð fiá meaning "chaste" is one of the Asynjur in Norse mythology Odin then attempts to take a grip, as do (in turn), Freyja, Niord, Tyr, Freyr and Byggvir. Byggvir is a figure in Norse mythology. The only surviving mention of Byggvir appears in the prose beginning of Lokasenna, and stanzas 55 through 56 of The exchanges between Odin and Loki are particularly vitriolic.

Eventually Thor turns up at the party, and he is not to be placated, nor withheld. Thor ( Old Norse: Þórr) is the red-haired and bearded God of Thunder in Germanic paganism and its subset Norse paganism Alternating with Loki's insults to him, he says four times that he will use his hammer to knock Loki's head off if he continues. Loki replies that for Thor alone he will leave the hall, because his threats are the only ones he fears. He then leaves.

Finally there is a short piece of prose telling a short version of the tale of Loki's binding. Loki is chased by the gods, and caught after an unsuccessful attempt at disguising himself as a salmon. His son Váli is killed while his other son Narfi turns into a wolf. In Norse mythology, Váli was a son of Loki. He is mentioned in the Gylfaginning section of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda. Narfi in Norse mythology may refer to the son of Loki or the father of Nótt, the personified Night. Nari's entrails are used to bind Loki to three rocks above which Skaði places a serpent to drip venom on him.

Loki's wife Sigyn remains by his side with a bowl to catch the venom, however whenever she leaves to empty the bowl, venom falls on Loki, causing him to writhe in agony; this writhing was said to be the cause of earthquakes. Sigyn ( Old Norse "victorious girl-friend" is a goddess and wife of Loki in Norse mythology. Since other sources name Loki's sons as Váli and Narfi, some editors have chosen to read the names Nari and Narvi as a mistake in the manuscript, and transscribe Nari as Váli. In Norse mythology, Váli was a son of Loki. He is mentioned in the Gylfaginning section of Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda. Nari and Narfi are otherwise considered to be variations of the same name.

Excerpts

Thorpe's Translation. ^[1]

• Loki:

"Hail, Æsir!

Hail, Asyniur!

And ye, all-holy gods!

all, save that one man,

who sits within there,

Bragi, on yonder bench. "

• Bragi:

"I know that were I without,

as I am now within,

the hall of Ægir,

I thy head would

bear in my hand,

and so for lying punish thee. "

• Loki:

"Valiant on thy seat art thou, Bragi!

but so thou shouldst not be,

Bragi, the bench's pride!

Go and fight,

if thou art angry;

a brave man sits not considering. "

Idunn stepped in to protect her husband.

• Idunn:

"I pray thee, Bragi!

let avail the bond of children,

and of all adopted sons,

and to Loki speak not

in reproachful words,

in Ægir's hall. "

• Loki:

"Be silent, Idunn!

of all women I declare thee

most fond of men,

since thou thy arms,

carefully washed, didst twine

round thy brother's murderer. "

• Idunn:

"Loki I address not

with opprobrious words,

in Ægir's hall.

Bragi I soothe,

by beer excited.

I desire not that angry ye fight. "

• Gefjun:

"Why will ye, Æsir twain,

here within,

strive with reproachful words?

Lopt perceives not

that he is deluded,

and is urged on by fate. "

• Loki:

"Be silent, Gefjun!

I will now just mention,

how that fair youth

thy mind corrupted,

who thee a necklace gave,

and around whom thou thy limbs didst twine?"

Odin interfered, but Loki called him "unmanly" as well.

• Odin:

"Knowest thou that I gave

to those I ought not -

victory to cowards?

Thou was eight winters

on the earth below,

milked cow as a woman,

and didst there bear children.

Now that, methinks, betokens a base nature. "

• Loki:

"But, it is said, thou wentest

with tottering steps in Samsö,

and knocked at houses as a Vala. (Vala: seeress)

In likeness of a fortune teller,

thou wentest among people;

Now that, methinks, betokens a base nature. "

Frigg tried to defend her husband.

• Frigg:

"Your doings

ye should never

publish among men,

what ye, Æsir twain,

did in days of yore.

Ever forgotten be men's former deeds!"

• Loki:

"Be thou silent, Frigg!

Thou art Fjorgyn's daughter, (Fjorgyn: the earth. In Norse mythology, Jörð ( Old Norse "earth" jɔrð Jarð jɑrð in Old East Norse --> sometimes Anglicized as Jord )

and ever hast been lustful,

since Ve and Vili, it is said,

thou, Vidrir's wife, didst (Vidrir: another name of Odin, Ve and Vili: Odin's brothers)

both to thy bosom take. For other meanings of Ve, see Ve (disambiguation. For other meanings of Vili, see Vili (disambiguation. "

• Freyja:

"Mad art thou, Loki!

in recounting

thy foul misdeeds.

Frigg, I believe,

knows all that happens,

although she says it not. "

• Loki:

"Be thou silent, Freyja!

I know thee full well;

thou art not free from vices:

of the Æsir and the Alfar,

that are herein,

each has been thy paramour. "

• Freyja:

"False is thy tongue.

Henceforth it will, I think,

prate no good to thee.

Wroth with thee are the Æsir,

and the Asyniur.

Sad shalt thou home depart. "

• Loki:

"Be silent, Freyja!

Thou art a sorceress,

and with much evil blended;

since against thy brother thou

the gentle powers excited.

And then, Freyja! what didst thou do?"

• Njörðr:

"It is no great wonder,

if silk-clad dames

get themselves husbands, lovers;

but 'tis a wonder that a wretched man,

that has borne children, (i. e. the horse Sleipnir)

should herein enter. In Norse mythology, Sleipnir is Odin 's eight-legged steed and the greatest of all Horses His name means smooth or gliding, and is "

• Loki:

"Cease now, Njörðr!

in bounds contain thyself;

I will no longer keep it secret:

it was with thy sister

thou hadst such a son (i. e. Freyr)

hardly worse than thyself. "

• Týr:

"Freyr is best

of all the exalted gods

in the Æsir's courts:

no maid he makes to weep,

no wife of man,

and from bonds looses all. "

Not only mocking Týr's wound (his arm was bitten by Fenrir), Loki also called him a cuckold.

• Loki:

"Be silent, Týr;

to thy wife it happened

to have a son by me.

Nor rag nor penny ever

hadst thou, poor wretch!

for this injury. "

• Freyr:

"I the wolf see lying (The wolf: Loki is father of Fenrir)

at the river's mouth,

until the powers are swept away. Fenris redirects here See Fenrir (disambiguation for other uses

So shalt thou be bound,

if thou art not silent,

thou framer of evil. "

• Loki:

"With gold thou boughtest

Gýmir's daughter, (i. e. Freyr's wife, Gerd)

and so gavest away thy sword:

but when Muspell's sons (i. Gerðr is a Jötunn in Norse Mythology most well known as the wife of the Norse god Freyr. e. Fire Giants, whose leader would slay the unarmed Freyr art Ragnarök)

through the dark forest ride,

thou, unhappy, wilt not

have wherewith to fight. "

• Heimdallr:

"Loki, thou art drunk,

and hast lost thy wits.

Why dost thou not leave off, Loki?

But drunkenness

so rules every man,

that he knows not of his garrulity. "

• Loki:

"Be silent, Heimdallr!

For thee in early days

was that hateful life decreed:

with a wet back

thou must ever be,

and keep watch as guardian of the gods. "

• Skaði:

"Thou art merry, Loki!

Not long wilt thou

frisk with an unbound tail;

for thee, on a rock's point,

with the entrails of thy ice-cold son,

the gods will bind. "

• Loki:

"Milder was thou of speech

to Laufey's son, (Laufey´s son: the giant Loki)

when to thy bed thou didst invite me. In Norse mythology, Laufey or Nál was with Fárbauti, the mother of Loki, Helbindi and Byleist.

Such matters must be mentioned,

if we accurately must

recount our vices. "

Sif went to pour for Loki.

• Sif:

"Hail to thee, Loki!

and this cool cup receive,

full of old mead:

at least me alone,

among the blameless Æsir race,

leave stainless. "

• Loki:

"So alone shouldst thou be,

hadst thou strict and prudent been

towards thy mate;

but one I know,

and, I think, know him well,

a favoured rival of Hlorridi,

and that is the wily Loki. "

After this, Thor came in and drove Loki away.

• Thor:

"Silence, thou impure being!

My mighty hammer, Mjöllnir,

shall stop thy prating.

I will thy head

from thy neck strike;

then will thy life be ended. "

References

External links

English translations

• Lokasenna Translation and commentary by Henry A. Bellows
• Ægisdrekka, eða Lokasenna, eða Lokaglepsa Translation by Benjamin Thorpe
• Lokasenna Translation by W. H. Auden and P. Benjamin Thorpe (1782 - July 1870 was an English Anglo-Saxon scholar Wystan Hugh Auden (21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973 ˈwɪstən ˈhjuː ˈɔːdən who signed his works W B. Taylor
• The Feast of Ager Translation by A. S. Cottle

Old Norse editions

• Lokasenna Sophus Bugge's edition of the manuscript text
• Lokasenna Guðni Jónsson's edition of the text with normalized spelling

The Poetic Edda
Preceded by Hymiskviða	The mythological poems	Succeeded by Þrymskviða

Sophus Bugge (1833-1907 was a Norwegian Philologist, known for his theories and work on the Runic alphabet, and the Poetic Edda The Poetic Edda is a collection of Old Norse poems primarily preserved in the Icelandic mediaeval Manuscript Codex Regius. Hymiskviða ( Hymir's poem; the name can be anglicized as Hymiskvitha, Hymiskvidha or Hymiskvida) is a poem collected in the Þrymskviða (the name can be anglicized as Thrymskviða, Thrymskvitha, Thrymskvidha or Thrymskvida) is one of the

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic