| Lōʻihi Seamount | |
|---|---|
| Summit depth | 975 m (3,200 ft) |
| Location | Southeast of Island of Hawaii |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: |
| Type | Submarine volcano |
| Volcanic arc/chain | Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain |
| Last eruption | 1996 (active) [1] |
 Yellow iron oxide covered lava rock on the flank of Lōʻihi. The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island, is a volcanic Island in the U A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Mountains can be characterized in several ways Some mountains are Volcanoes and can be characterized by the type of lava and eruptive history Submarine volcanoes are underwater fissures in the earth's surface from which magma can erupt A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or Mountains formed by Plate tectonics as an oceanic Tectonic plate subducts under A volcanic belt is a large volcanically active region Other terms are used for smaller areas of activity such as volcanic fields Volcanic belts are found above zones The Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain is composed of the Hawaiian Ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the |
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Lōʻihi is a seamount and undersea volcano in the Hawaiian archipelago, located at 18. A seamount is a Mountain rising from the Ocean Seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface ( Sea level) and thus is not an Island Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller 92° N, 155. 27° W — roughly 30 km (19 mi) south of the southeast coast of the Island of Hawaiʻi. The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island, is a volcanic Island in the U It is one of three active volcanoes (the other two are Mauna Loa and Kīlauea) thought to presently sit over the Hawaii hotspot. Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on earth and one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U Kīlauea (kiːlauea is an active Volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five Shield volcanoes that together form the Island of Hawai{{okina}}i The Hawaii hotspot is perhaps the best known volcanic hotspot on Earth, responsible for the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The greatest distance between the summits of these volcanoes is about 80 km (50 mi), approximately the diameter of the hot spot. Lōʻihi has yet to build to the surface of the ocean, although it is now over 3,000 m (10,000 ft) high (taller than Mount St. Helens). Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface Mount St Helens is an active Stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States The top of Lōʻihi lies 975 m (3,200 ft) below the surface. [2] If the rate of upward building is about the same as nearby Kīlauea, Lōʻihi should appear at the surface in several tens of thousands of years.
Like Kīlauea, Lōʻihi lies on the flank of Mauna Loa, the largest shield volcano on the planet. Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on earth and one of five volcanoes that form the Island of Hawaii in the U A shield volcano is a large Volcano with shallow-sloping sides The summit has a caldera-like depression, and three craters. A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption A volcanic crater is a circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity The crater called Pele's Pit is known to have formed in July 1996 when a vent collapsed forming a depression with 200 m (660 ft) high, vertical walls. Depression in Geology is a Landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area The rift zone for this volcano is about 31 km (19 mi) long and oriented northwest-southeast across the 2. A rift zone is a feature of some Volcanoes especially the Shield volcanoes of Hawaii, in which a linear series of fissures in the volcanic 8 by 3. 7 km (1. 7 × 2. 3 mi) caldera. The eruption in 1996 was confirmed by scientists at the University of Hawaiʻi, becoming the first such confirmation of an active eruption occurring on a seamount. The University of Hawaii, formally the University of Hawaii System and popularly known as UH, is a public co-educational college and university system that confers In 1997,[3] the university installed a submarine observatory on the summit of Loihi Seamount. Another active undersea volcano, named Vailuʻuluʻu, was confirmed in 2001 in the Manuʻa Group, Samoa. Manua or the Manua Islands Group (Samoan Manua tele) consists of three main islands Ta{{okina}}u, Ofu and Olosega. Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa, is a country governing the western part of the Samoan Islands Archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean
Lōʻihi is being studied by manned submersible dives to its surface and placement of recording instruments and remote observatories on the summit. A submersible, or Bathyscaphe, is a type of Underwater vessel with limited mobility which is typically transported to its area of operation by a surface An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial and/or celestial events The volcano is actively venting hydrothermal fluids and thermal vents there are being studied for thermophilic extremophiles (organisms associated with extreme temperature conditions). Hydrothermal circulation in its most general sense is the circulation of hot water 'hydros' in the Greek meaning water and 'thermos' meaning heat A thermophile is an organism &mdash a type of Extremophile &mdash which thrives at relatively high temperatures between 45 and 80 °C (113 and 176 °F An extremophile is an Organism that thrives in and may even require Physically or Geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to the In 1999, a never before seen jelly-like organism surrounding the 160°C vents was collected for incubation and study at NSF's Marine Bioproducts Engineering Center (MarBEC). Jellyfish are free-swimming members of the phylum Cnidaria. They have several different basic morphologies that represent several different cnidarian classes including the
References and external links
- ^ Lo`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, U.S. Geological Survey
- ^ Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program: Loihi Seamount
- ^ Michael Shapiro. Earth, Whales & Fire. Hana Hou! Vol. Hana Hou! is an American Bi-monthly English language inflight Magazine. 10, No. 3, June/July 2007. Photo by Wayne Levin. “In 1997, University of Hawai‘i scientists installed the Hawai‘i Undersea Geo-Observatory (HUGO), a submarine observatory designed to monitor a newly hatched volcano… Among HUGO's instruments was a hydrophone (a submersible microphone) to listen in on the eruption… HUGO went offline in 1998 after its power supply failed, but it left behind hours of recordings of haunting, unearthly sounds that had never before reached human ears: humpback whales singing against the backdrop of a volcanic eruption. The University of Hawaii at Mānoa is a public co-educational University and is the flagship campus of the greater University of Hawai{{okina}}i system. A hydrophone (Greek "hydro" = "water" and "phone" = "sound" is a Microphone designed to be used underwater for recording or listening The humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae) is a Baleen Whale. Whale song is the Sound made by Whales to communicate. The word " Song " is used in particular to describe the pattern of regular ” (About HUGO, on the Loihi Seamount. )
- Hazlett, R. W. , and D. W. Hyndman. 1996. Roadside Geology of Hawaiʻi.
- Hawaiʻi Center for Volcanology, University of Hawaiʻi.
- Lōʻihi Seamount — USGS website.
- Lōʻihi Submarine Volcano: A unique, natural extremophile laboratory — NOAA research site.
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