Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For other uses, see Lod (disambiguation).
Lod

Lod's city centre
Hebrew לוֹד
Arabic اَلْلُدّْ
Government City
District Center
Population 67,200 [1] (2007)
Jurisdiction 10,000 dunams (10 km²)
Mayor Ilan Harari

Lod (Hebrew: לוֹד‎, Arabic: اَلْلُدّْ‎, pronounced al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda) is a mixed Arab-Jewish city ten miles southeast of Tel Aviv in the Center District of Israel. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The following list of Israeli cities is based on the current index of the There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (מחוזות singular mahoz) and fifteen The Center District (מחוז המרכז Meḥoz haMerkaz) of Israel is one of six administrative districts, including most of the Sharon region A dunam or dönüm, dunum, donum is a unit of Area used in the Ottoman Empire and still used in various standardized versions Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel The Center District (מחוז המרכז Meḥoz haMerkaz) of Israel is one of six administrative districts, including most of the Sharon region For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. In 2007, it's population was 67,200.

A historic city dating from the Greek and Roman eras, Lod is the home of Israel's main international airport, Ben Gurion International Airport, previously known as Lod Airport. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Ben Gurion International Airport (נמל התעופה בן גוריון Namal HaTe'ūfa Ben Gūryōn,, also referred to by its Hebrew acronym Natbag (נתב"ג The airport and related industries are a major source of employment for the residents of Lod. The Jewish Agency Absorption Centre, the main facility for handling olim arriving in Israel, is also located in Lod. The Jewish Agency for Israel (Hebrew הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל HaSochnut HaYehudit L'Eretz Yisra'el) also known as the Sochnut or JAFI Aliyah ( refers to Jewish Immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948 the State of Israel)

Contents

History

Saint George's tomb in Lod
Saint George's tomb in Lod

Antiquity

Lod is situated on the site of the ancient settlement of Lydda. In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox It appears on a list of Canaanite cities drawn up by Thutmose III at Karnak in the 2nd millennium BC. Thutmose III (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis III and meaning Thoth is Born) was the sixth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth The Karnak temple complex, universally known only as Karnak, describes a vast conglomeration of ruined temples chapels pylons and other buildings The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. [2] According to the Bible, Lod was founded by Shemed, a member of the Tribe of Benjamin. The Tribe of Benjamin ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. At its height the territory it occupied was sandwiched between that of Ephraim to the north and Judah [3] It was abandoned during the Babylonian captivity and resettled upon the return of the Jews from exile. The Babylonian captivity, Babylonian exile, is the name typically given to the deportation and exile of the Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah to PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ [4][5] In the Hellenistic period, it was outside the boundaries of Judea, but under the Maccabees, it became a Jewish town. In 43 CE, Cassius, the governor of Syria, sold its inhabitants into slavery. The Roman proconsul of Syria, Cestius Gallus, razed the town on his way to Jerusalem in 66 CE. It was occupied by Vespasian in 68 CE. [6]

Byzantine period

By the Byzantine era, the town was predominantly Christian. [6] It was one of the legendary birthplace of St. George, patron saint of England, and was known as Georgiopolis. The shrine of St. George was built there. Church of Saint George is the major Shrine for the fourth century Martyr Saint George ( El-Khader in Arabic and is located in Lod [2] In the New Testament, Lod is the site of Peter's healing of a paralytic man in Acts 9:32-38.

Muslim period

Captured by the Muslims in 636, Lod served as the headquarters of the province of Filastin. The capital later moved to Ramla. Ramla (רַמְלָה Ramlāh; الرملة also Ramle and sometimes Rama) is a city in central Israel with a mixed Arab and [6]

Crusader period

The Crusaders occupied Lod in 1099. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents It was briefly taken by Saladin but retaken by the Crusaders in 1191. Salahadin Ayyubi ( Arabic:صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب Kurdish: سه‌لاحه‌دین ئه‌یوبی Selah'edînê Eyubî; c For the English Crusaders, such as King Richard the Lionheart, Lod was a place of great significance, since it was believed to be the birthplace of England's patron saint, Saint George. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members In Christian hagiography Saint George is one of the most venerated saints in the Anglican Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodox The Crusaders made it the seat of a Latin rite diocese,[7] and it is still a titular see. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A titular see in the Roman Catholic Church is a Diocese or Archdiocese that now exists in title only [8] According to the Jewish traveler Benjamin of Tudela, in 1170 there was only one Jewish family living in the town. Benjamin of Tudela (Binyamin MeTudela was a medieval Navarrese rabbi and explorer who traveled through Europe, Asia, and Africa in the 12th [6]

Ottoman period

During the early Ottoman period, there were no Jews in Lod, but a small Jewish community developed in the 19th century. The Jewish inhabitants were driven out in the 1921 Arab riots. In 1944, Lydda had a population of 17,000, one-fifth of them Christian Arabs.

British Mandate

Under the 1947 UN Partition Plan, Lydda was included in the territory slated to became an Arab state, a plan that the Arabs rejected.

Modern history

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War the Haganah and Irgun captured Lydda in July 1948 in Operation Danny. Haganah ( Hebrew: "The Defense" ההגנה was a Jewish Paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine Irgun (ארגון shorthand for HaIrgun HaTzva'i HaLe'umi BeEretz Yisra'el, he הארגון הצבאי הלאומי בארץ ישראל "National Military Organization Operation Danny (or Operation Dani, Mivtza Dani in Hebrew) was an Israeli operation carried out between the first and second truce of the Arab inhabitants were expelled, along with those of the nearby town of Ramla, numbering about 50,000 in all,[9] in order to secure the strategically important road connecting Tel Aviv and Jerusalem. Ramla (רַמְלָה Ramlāh; الرملة also Ramle and sometimes Rama) is a city in central Israel with a mixed Arab and Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Israeli historian Benny Morris writes: "All the Israelis who witnessed the events agreed that the exodus, under a hot July sun, was an extended episode of suffering for the refugees, especially from Lydda. . . Some were stripped by soldiers of their valuables as they left town or at checkpoints along the way. Hundreds of civilians died in the scorching heat, from exhaustion, dehydration and disease. [10][11] On the other hand, Morris states that the expulsion was justified: ". . . in certain conditions, expulsion is not a war crime. I don’t think that the expulsions of 1948 were war crimes. You can’t make an omelet without breaking eggs. . . . There was no choice but to expel that population. "[12]

Terrorism

In 1972, 28 passengers were gunned down at Ben Gurion International Airport by members of the Japanese Red Army, who were acting in behalf of the PFLP in what became known as the Lod Airport massacre. The was a Terrorist group founded by Fusako Shigenobu in February 1971 after she broke away from the Japanese Communist League-Red Army Faction The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr The Lod Airport massacre was a terrorist attack that occurred on May 30, 1972, in which three members of the Japanese Red Army, on behalf of The founder of PFLP, George Habash, had been visiting Lod in July 1948 when the population was driven out by Israeli troops. George Habash ( جورج حبش) also known by his kunya " al-Hakim " (Arabicالحكيم — the wise one or the doctor)

Demographics

According to CBS, in 2001 the ethnic and religious makeup of the city was 80. 3% Jewish and other non-Arab, and 19. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ 7% Arab (18. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding 6% Muslim and 1. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion 1% Christian). A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth There are 561 "olim", or new immigrants to Israel, included in these figures. See Population groups in Israel. This article discusses the Demographics of Israel. See also Israelis.

According to CBS, in 2001 there were 32,400 males and 33,700 females. The population of the city was spread out with 36. 7% 19 years of age or younger, 16. 4% between 20 and 29, 19. 2% between 30 and 44, 14. 5% from 45 to 59, 3. 7% from 60 to 64, and 9. 5% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2001 was 1. 7%.

Income

According to CBS figures for 2000, there were 23,032 salaried workers and 1,405 self-employed. The mean monthly wage for a salaried worker was NIS 4,754, a real change of 2. The Israeli New Sheqel ( ( sign: ₪; code: ILS) (also spelled unofficially shekel; pl 9% over the course of 2000. Salaried men had a mean monthly wage of NIS 5,821 (a real change of 1. 4%) versus NIS 3,547 for women (a real change of 4. 6%). The mean income for the self-employed was NIS 4,991. There were 1,275 people receiving unemployment benefits and 7,145 receiving an income supplement.

Education

According to CBS, there are 38 schools and 13,188 pupils in the city. They are spread out as 26 elementary schools and 8,325 elementary school pupils, and 13 high schools and 4,863 high school pupils. 52. 5% of 12th grade pupils were entitled to a matriculation certificate in 2001.

New neighborhoods

Plagued by a poor image for decades, projects are under way to improve services in Lod. New upscale neighborhoods are expanding the city to the east, among them Ganei Ya'ar and Ahisemah. [13]

Notable residents

References

  1. ^ The State of Israel (2007). Tamer Nafar (تامر النفار is an Arab israeli Rap artist. Israel Central Bureau of Statistics population data for December 31, 2007. The State of Israel. Retrieved on May 24, 2008.
  2. ^ a b "Excursions in Terra Santa", Franciscan Cyberspot. Retrieved on 2007-02-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne  
  3. ^ 1 Chronicles 8:12
  4. ^ Ezra 2:33
  5. ^ Nehemiah 11:35
  6. ^ a b c d Lydda (Lod) Jewish Agency for Israel
  7. ^   "Lydda". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.  
  8. ^ Lydda Catholic-hierarchy. org
  9. ^ Spiro Munayyer, The Fall of Lydda, Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. The Journal of Palestine Studies is an Academic journal established in 1971 27, No. 4 (Summer, 1998), pp. 80-98. See also Yitzhak Rabin's diaries, quoted here.
  10. ^ Benny Morris (1989). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947-1949. Cambridge University Press, pg. 204-11. ISBN 0-521-33889-1.  
  11. ^ The Lydda Death March Americans for Middle East Understanding
  12. ^ Survival of the Fittest? An Interview with Benny Morris Haaretz
  13. ^ Ganei Ya'ar in Lod The Jerusalem Post, 7 February 2008

External links

Coordinates: 31°56′54.59″N 34°53′20.4″E / 31.9484972, 34.889

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic