Short and long arms

Chromosome.
(1) Chromatid. A chromatid is one of two identical copies of DNA making up a replicated Chromosome, which are joined at their Centromeres for the process of Cell division One of the two identical parts of the chromosome after S phase.
(2) Centromere. A centromere is a region of DNA typically found near the middle of a Chromosome where two Sister chromatids come in contact The point where the two chromatids touch, and where the microtubules attach.
(3) Short arm
(4) Long arm.

Example of bands

In biology and evolutionary computation, a locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a chromosome, such as the position of a gene or a biomarker (genetic marker). Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles In Computer science evolutionary computation is a subfield of Artificial intelligence (more particularly Computational intelligence) that involves A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and Protein that is found in cells. History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance A genetic marker is a known DNA sequence. It can be described as a variation which may arise due to mutation or alteration in the genomic loci that can be observed A variant of the DNA sequence at a given locus is called an allele. An allele (ˈæliːl (UK /əˈliːl/ (US (from the Greek αλληλος allelos, meaning each other) is one member of a pair or series of different forms The ordered list of loci known for a particular genome is called a genetic map. In classical genetics the genome of a Diploid Organism including Eukarya refers to a full set of chromosomes or genes in a Gamete, thereby Genetic linkage occurs when particular genetic loci or Alleles for genes are inherited jointly Gene mapping is the process of determining the locus for a particular biological trait. Genome mapping is the creation of a Genetic map assigning DNA fragments to Chromosomes When a Genome is first investigated this map is nonexistent A trait is a distinct phenotypic character of an organism that may be inherited environmentally determined or somewhere in between

Diploid and polyploid cells whose chromosomes have the same allele at some locus are called homozygous, while those that have different alleles at a locus, heterozygous. "Haplo" redirects here For the fictional character see The Death Gate Cycle. Polyploidy occurs in cells and Organisms when there are more than two homologous sets of Chromosomes. Zygosity refers to the genetic condition of a Zygote. In genetics zygosity describes the similarity or dissimilarity of DNA between Homologous Zygosity refers to the genetic condition of a Zygote. In genetics zygosity describes the similarity or dissimilarity of DNA between Homologous

Nomenclature

The chromosomal locus of a gene might be written "6p21. 3".

A range of locations is specified in a similar way. For example, the locus of gene OCA1 may be written "11q1. 4-q2. 1", meaning it is on the long arm of chromosome 11, somewhere in the range of sub-band 4 of band 1, and sub-band 1 of band 2.

The ends of a chromosome are labeled "ptel" and "qtel", and so "2qtel" refers to the telomere of the long arm of chromosome 2. A telomere is a region of repetitive DNA at the end of Chromosomes which protects the end of the chromosome from destruction

External links

• Overview at ornl.gov