In telephony, the local loop (also referred to as a subscriber line) is the physical link or circuit, that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the carrier, or telecommunications service provider, network. In Telecommunication, telephony (təˈlɛfəni or teh-LEH-fuh-nee encompasses the general use of equipment to provide voice communication over distances specifically In Telephony, the demarcation point is the point at which the Telephone company network ends and connects with the wiring at the customer premises Customer-premises equipment or customer-provided equipment ( CPE) is any terminal and associated Equipment located at a Subscriber A common carrier is a business that transports people goods or services and offers its services to the general public under license or authority provided by a regulatory body At the edge of the carrier network in a traditional PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) scenario, the local loop terminates in a circuit switch housed in an ILEC (Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier) CO (Central Office). The public switched telephone network ( PSTN) is the network of the world's public circuit-switched Telephone networks in much the same way that the A switch is a mechanical device used to connect and disconnect an electric Circuit at will ILEC, short for Incumbent local exchange carrier, is a local Telephone company in the United States that was in existence In the field of Telecommunications, a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls Traditionally, the local loop was wireline in nature from customer to central office, specifically in the form of an electrical circuit (i. e. , loop) provisioned as a single twisted pair in support of voice communications. Twisted pair Cabling is a form of wiring in which two conductors (two halves of a single circuit) are wound together for the purposes of canceling out However, modern implementations may include a digital loop carrier system segment or fiber optic transmission system known as fiber-in-the-loop. A digital loop carrier (DLC is a system which uses Digital transmission to extend the range of the Local loop farther than would be possible using only An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length Fiber to the x ( FTTX) is a generic term for any network architecture that uses Optical fiber to replace all or part of the usual copper Local loop

The local loop may terminate at a circuit switch owned by a CLEC (Competitive LEC) and housed in a POP, which typically is either an ILEC CO or a "carrier hotel". A Competitive Local Exchange Carrier ( CLEC) in the United States, is a Telecommunications provider company (sometimes called a " carrier A point-of-presence ( POP) is an artificial Demarcation point or interface point between communications entities A colocation centre ( collocation center) (" colo " or carrier hotel is a type of Data center where multiple customers locate network

A local loop may be provisioned to support data communications applications, or combined voice and data such as digital subscriber line (DSL).

Local loop connections can be used to carry a range of services, including:

• analog voice and signaling used in traditional POTS
• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
• variants of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)

Many owners of local loops are public utilities that hold a natural monopoly. A public utility (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the Infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using Natural monopoly is a term used in Economics to refer to two different things To prevent the owner from using this natural monopoly to monopolize other fields of trade, some jurisdictions require utilities to unbundle the local loop, that is, make the local loop available to their competitors. Local loop unbundling ( LLU) is the regulatory process of allowing multiple Telecommunications operators use of connections from the Telephone exchange 's

The term "local loop" is sometimes used for any "last mile" connection to the customer, regardless of technology or intended purpose. The last Mile is the final leg of delivering connectivity from a communications provider to a customer Hence the phrase "wireless local loop". WLL redirects here Not to be confused with Weight Load Limit the maximum weight that a given apparatus can bear Wireless local loop (WLL is a term for the use of a wireless

Local loop connections in this sense include:

• Electric local loop: PLT and PLC
• Optical local loop: Fiber Optics services such as FiOS
• Satellite local loop: communications satellite and cosmos Internet connections of satellite television (DVB-S)
• Cable local loop: Cablemodem
• Wireless local loop (WLL): LMDS, WiMAX, GPRS, HSDPA, DECT

See also

• Access network
• Local loop unbundling
• Sub-loop unbundling
• The local loop is an example of outside plant
• Serving area interface
• Telephone line

Power line communication ( PLC) also known as power line carrier, mains communication, power line telecom ( PLT) or power line Verizon FiOS, sometimes simply FiOS which stands for " Fi ber O ptic S ervice", is an Internet telephone and TV service that is presently A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial Satellite stationed in space for the purposes of Telecommunications. Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable For the chemical compound see Divinylbenzene. Digital Video Broadcasting ( DVB) is a suite of internationally accepted A cable modem is a type of Modem that provides access to a data signal sent over the Cable television infrastructure WLL redirects here Not to be confused with Weight Load Limit the maximum weight that a given apparatus can bear Wireless local loop (WLL is a term for the use of a wireless LMDS is a Broadband wireless access technology governed by the IEEE and is outlined by the 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee through the efforts of the IEEE 802 WiMAX, an approximate acronym of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is a Telecommunications technology that provides for the wireless transmission General Packet Radio Service (GPRS is a Packet oriented Mobile Data Service available to users of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM and High-Speed Downlink Packet Access ( HSDPA) is a 3G (third generation Mobile telephony Communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet DECT or Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (formerly Digital European Cordless Telephone is an ETSI standard for digital Portable phones An access network is that part of a communications network which connects subscribers to their immediate Service provider. Local loop unbundling ( LLU) is the regulatory process of allowing multiple Telecommunications operators use of connections from the Telephone exchange 's In the Telephony business Sub-loop unbundling is the process by which a sub-section of part of the Local loop is unbundled In Telecommunication, the term outside plant has the following meanings In civilian Telecommunications, all cables conduits ducts poles The serving area interface or service area interface ( SAI A telephone line or telephone circuit (or just line or circuit within the Industry) is a single-user circuit on a Telephone

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