Lloyd Lionel Gaines (1913?—disappeared March 19, 1939) was the central figure of one of the most important court cases in the U.S. civil rights movement in the 1930s. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Gaines, a high school valedictorian who graduated with honors from Lincoln University in Jefferson City, Missouri with a Bachelor's degree in history, applied in 1936 for admission to the Law School at the University of Missouri. For the like-named university in Chester County Pennsylvania see Lincoln University (Pennsylvania. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The University of Missouri (also known as the University of Missouri–Columbia, Mizzou, or MU) is a public land-grant and research In April, the university denied his admission on grounds of race. Missouri's policy at the time was to pay the expenses of black students' education out of state.
Gaines and his lawyer, Charles Hamilton Houston took their case to court. Charles Hamilton Houston ( September 3, 1895 – April 22, 1950) was an African American Lawyer, Dean of Howard University After the Boone County court and Missouri Supreme Court both ruled in favor of the university, the argument proceeded to the United States Supreme Court, where Gaines v. Canada was argued on November 9, 1938 and became the most important segregation case since Plessy v. Ferguson. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. Missouri ex rel Gaines v Canada, 305 US 337 (1938 was a United States Supreme Court decision holding that states that provide a school to white students Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sy Woodson Canada was the registrar at the University of Missouri School of Law at that time. In a 1978 interview for National Public Radio, the then-80-year-old Canada revealed that he had been instructed to by his superiors at the University to deny admission to Gaines. Canada recalled that Gaines met all the admissions requirements "except he was colored".
On December 12, 1938, the court, in a 6-2 decision, ordered the State of Missouri to either admit Gaines to the University of Missouri or provide another school of equal stature within the state borders. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, Gaines never attended the university.
Gaines was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity established for African Americans. Alpha Phi Alpha ( ΑΦΑ) is the first intercollegiate fraternity established by African Americans Founded on December 4 1906 on the campus of The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal On the night of March 19, 1939, Gaines left the fraternity house in Chicago, Illinois, telling others he was going out to buy stamps; he was never seen again. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States.
In 2001, the University of Missouri-Columbia renamed its Black Culture Center in Gaines' honor. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Additionally, a scholarship offered by the UMC Law School is named for Gaines.
In 2006, Gaines was granted an honorary law degree by the University of Missouri-Columbia and the Supreme Court of Missouri named him an honorary member of the Missouri Bar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
References
- Clayton, Edward T. . "unknown", Ebony magazine, May, 1951.
- Cronan, Patrick. "A Battle of Yesterday--Integrating Missouri", Focus-Midwest, Issue 64, Vol. 10, FOCUS/Midwest Publishing Company, May-June 1974, pp. 26-27.
- Kelleher, Daniel T. . "The Case of Lloyd Lionel Gaines: The Demise of the Separate but Equal Doctrine", Journal of Negro History, Association for the Study of African-American Life and History, Inc. , October 1971, pp. 262-271.
- Alpha Phi Alpha Men: A Century of Leadership , 2006, Producer/Directors: Alamerica Bank/Rubicon Productions
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