Citizendia
Your Ad Here

"Leghorn" redirects here. For the breed of chicken, see Leghorn chicken. The Leghorn is a breed of Chicken named after the Italian city of Livorno, which in English is also known as Leghorn.
Comune di Livorno
Coat of arms of Comune di Livorno
Municipal coat of arms

Location of {{{name}}} in Italy
Country Flag of Italy Italy
Region Tuscany
Province Livorno (LI)
Mayor Alessandro Cosimi
Elevation 3 m (10 ft)
Area 104 km² (40 sq mi)
Population (as of December 30, 2004)
 - Total 155,986
 - Density 1,500/km² (3,885/sq mi)
Time zone CET, UTC+1
Coordinates 43°33′N, 10°19′E
Gentilic Livornesi, poetically Labronici
Dialing code 0586
Postal code 57100
Frazioni Ardenza, Antignano, Montenero, Castellaccio, Gorgona, Quercianella
Patron Santa Giulia da Corsica
 - Day May 22
Website: www.comune.livorno.it

Livorno (also in English: Leghorn) is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western edge of Tuscany, Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune The Province of Livorno (Provincia di Livorno is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Saint Julia of Corsica (Santa Giulia da Corsica Sainte Julie also known as Saint Julia of Carthage, and more rarely Saint Julia of Nonza, was a Virgin Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The Ligurian Sea (Mar Ligure Mer Ligurienne is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Italian Riviera ( Liguria and Tuscany) Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest It is the capital of the Province of Livorno and the third-largest port on the western coast of Italy, having a population of approximately 170,000 residents as of the year 2004. The Province of Livorno (Provincia di Livorno is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Contents

History

Livorno was defined as an "ideal town" during the Italian Renaissance. An ideal is a Principle or value that one actively pursues as a goal. The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th Today, it reveals its history through the structure of its neighbourhoods, crossed by canals and surrounded by fortified town walls, through the tangle of its streets, which embroider the town's Venice district, and through the Medici Port characteristically overlooked by towers and fortresses leading to the town centre. A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised Community within a larger City, Town or Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors A street is a Public thoroughfare in the built environment It is a Public parcel of land adjoining Buildings in an urban context Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Towers are tall human-made Structures that are always taller than they are wide usually by a significant Margin. The town centre is the term used in the United Kingdom, Ireland and mainland Europe to refer to the commercial or Geographical centre of Designed by the architect Bernardo Buontalenti at the end of the 16th century, Livorno underwent a period of great town planning expansion at the end of the 17th century. An architect is a licensed individual who leads a design team in the Planning and Design of buildings and participates in oversight of Building Construction Bernardo Buontalenti, byname of Bernardo Delle Girandole (1536? – June 25 or 26 1608 was an Italian stage designer architect theatrical designer As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Near the defensive pile of the Old Fortress, a new fortress, together with the town-walls and the system of navigable canals, was then built.

In the late 1580s, Ferdinando I de Medici declared Livorno a "porto Franco", which meant that the goods traded here were duty free. Ferdinando I de' Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany ( 30 July 1549 &ndash 17 February 1609) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609 Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. The "Leggi Livornine" were laws which ruled between 1590 and 1603. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society These laws helped the trading activities of the merchant, freedom of religion and amnesty for some penance. Merchants function as professionals who deal with Trade, dealing in commodities that they do not produce themselves in order to produce Profit. Freedom of religion is the freedom of an individual or community in public or private to manifest religion or belief in teaching practice worship and observance Amnesty (from the Greek amnestia, oblivion is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to Penance is repentance of Sins as well as the proper name of the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation/Confession Thanks to these laws, Livorno became a cosmopolitan city and one of the most important ports of the entire Mediterranean area. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified Many foreigners moved to Livorno; Jews, Armenians, Greeks, Dutch, and English were among those who relocated to live and trade. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English Some Moriscos (Muslim Spaniards forcibly converted to Catholicism), much later, also moved to Livorno (from Spain and during the 18th century). A morisco (Spanish " Moor -like" or mourisco (Portuguese was any Muslim of Spain or Portugal A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Conversos ( Spanish and Portuguese for "a convert" from Latin conversus, "converted turned around" and its feminine form As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system

During the Napoleonic Wars, trade with England was prohibited and the economy of Livorno suffered greatly. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland An economy is the realized social system of production exchange distribution and consumption of goods and services of a country or other area Then, in 1868, after Livorno became part of the new Kingdom of Italy, she lost her, by now, traditional status of “Porto Franco” and the city's importance declined. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap There have been several distinct entities known as the Kingdom of Italy.

Main sights

Piazza Grande in the 18th century: at left, the Palazzo del Governatore, at right the Dogana
Piazza Grande in the 18th century: at left, the Palazzo del Governatore, at right the Dogana

Nowadays the Venice district preserves most of its original town planning and architectural features such as the bridges, the narrow lanes, the noblemen's houses and a dense network of canals which once linked the port to its storehouses. The word lane has several meanings including and especially a portion of a paved Road which is intended for a single line of vehicles and is marked by White Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings. A warehouse is a commercial Building for Storage of Goods. Warehouses are used by Manufacturers Importers Exporters In the 18th and 19th centuries, Livorno, by then grown up and open to the world, had a lively appearance marked by neo-classical buildings, public parks housing important museums and cultural institutions, "Liberty" villas with sea views and the market. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the Cultural institutions are elements within a Culture / Sub-culture that are perceived to be important to or traditionally valued among its members for their own A villa was originally an Upper-class Country house, though since its origins in Roman times the idea and function of a villa has evolved considerably Sao Paulo Stock Exchangejpg|thumb| Virtual market arena where buyer and seller are not present and trade via intemediates and electronical information

The Museo Mascagnano houses memorabilia, documents and operas by the great composer Pietro Mascagni. WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Pietro Mascagni ( December 7, 1863 &ndash August 2, Every year some of his operas are traditionally played during the lyric music season, which is organised by the Traditional Theatre of Livorno. Also the “Terrazza Mascagni”, a walkway divided from the sea by a handrail, is named in honor to Pietro Mascagni.

Up in the hills the Sanctuary of Montenero, which is dedicated to Our Lady of the Graces, the patron saint of Tuscany, is a fixed destination for pilgrims. It is famous for the adjacent gallery, decorated with ex-voti mainly connected to stories of miraculous sea rescue.

The "Monumento dei quattro mori" ("Monument of the Four Turks"), dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de' Medici of Tuscany, is one of the most important monuments of Livorno. The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. Ferdinando I de' Medici Grand Duke of Tuscany ( 30 July 1549 &ndash 17 February 1609) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1587 to 1609

In Livorno there is an important square called "Piazza della Repubblica" that contains two important monuments of Italian politicians. Thus, this square is also a bridge: in fact, under the bridge there is an old, big canal. Piazza della Repubblica is the largest bridge of Europe.

Fortifications of Livorno in the 17th century
Fortifications of Livorno in the 17th century

Another important monument is the old fortress; an old building made with red bricks that at the time of Medici defended the city from pirates attacks. It has 3 bastion, named “Capitana”, “Ampolletta” and “Canaviglia”. The old fortress was made before the Renaissance. The new Fortress, distinct from the old one, was made at the end of the 16th century.

There are some graveyards where foreign people who moved to Livorno used to be buried.

Culture

Politically, Livorno is one of the most left-leaning cities of Italy. The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921. The Communist Party of Italy (Partito Comunista d’Italia was an Italian Political party which existed from 1921 to 1926 Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar

There is a breed of chicken called leghorn, named after the city. The Leghorn is a breed of Chicken named after the Italian city of Livorno, which in English is also known as Leghorn. This in turn gave its name to the cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn.

Economy

Tuaca liqueur is produced in Livorno. Tuaca is a brand of Liqueur produced by the Tuoni family of Livorno, Italy. The city also has a substantial petrochemical industry. Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of Petroleum or other Hydrocarbon origin

Sport

Livorno has a football team in Serie A, A.S. Livorno Calcio. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Serie A (officially known as the Lega Calcio Serie A TIM for Sponsorship reasons is a professional league competition for football clubs located Associazione Sportiva Livorno Calcio is a football club based in Livorno, Tuscany. The football club reflects the left-leaning tendencies of the city with Livorno Calcio's left-wing ultras. Ultras ( Latin word deriving from beyond in English with the implication that their enthusiasm is 'beyond' the normal are a sanctioned form of sports team supporters

Dialect

Livorno inhabitants speak a colourful variant of the Tuscan dialect of Italy named vernacolo, which is especially characterized by the popular interjection dé, which has a very wide range of meanings, usually recognizable only by the tone of the pronunciation, and a tourist is soon discovered if they pronounce the word as dè, because it is not the correct pronunciation. The Tuscan Dialect ( dialetto toscano) or the Tuscan Language ( lingua toscana) is an Italian dialect spoken in

There is a satirical comic/magazine written mainly in the Livornese dialect called Il Vernacoliere. Il Vernacoliere is an old Italian satirical monthly magazine rooted in Livorno, Tuscany.

Sister cities

Notable people

Points of interest

Images

Venice district

Grand Canal

Old Fortress

New Fortress

Duomo of Livorno

Castle of Baron Sidney Sonnino

Monumento dei Quattro Mori

Piazza della Repubblica

External links


Bat-Yam-municipalityjpg|thumb|Bat Yam municipality building]]Bat-Yam-kikar-hameginim-1 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Guadalajara ( Spanish pronunciation) is a city and Municipality in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain, and in the Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially History In antiquity the shores of the Tsemess Bay were the site of Bata, an ancient Greek colony that specialized in the Grain trade Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Mario Ancona (1860-1931 was an Italian Baritone, born in Livorno, Tuscany to a Jewish family Rabbi Chaim Joseph David ben Isaac Zerachia Azulai (1724 &ndash 21 March 1807) ( Hebrew: חיים יוסף דוד אזולאי Andrea Baldini (born 19 December, 1985 in Livorno) is an Italian Foil fencer. Elijah Benamozegh (born at Livorno in 1822 died there February 6[[ 900]] was an Italian rabbi Leonetto Cappiello (b 1875 in Livorno, Italy; d 1942 in Cannes, France) was an Italian Giorgio Caproni ( Livorno, January 7, 1912 - January 22, 1990) was an Italian poet, literary critic David Castelli ( December 30, 1836, Leghorn, Tuscany &mdash1901 Florence) was an Italian scholar and educator in the field of secular (born 9 December 1920) is an Italian politician and banker He was Prime Minister of Italy from 1993 to 1994 and was President from 1999 Gian Galeazzo Ciano Count of Cortellazzo and Buccari ( March 18, 1903 – January 11, 1944) was Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs Giovanni Fattori ( September 6, 1825 – August 30, 1908) was an Italian artist one of the leaders of the group known as the Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi ( August 12 1804 – September 25, 1873) was an Italian writer and politician involved in the Italian Cristiano Lucarelli (born October 4, 1975 in Livorno) is an Italian footballer who plays as forward for Italian Serie B WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Pietro Mascagni ( December 7, 1863 &ndash August 2, Amedeo Clemente Modigliani ( July 12, 1884 &ndash January 24, 1920) was an Italian Artist of Jewish heritage Sir Moses Haim Montefiore 1st Baronet ( October 24, 1784 - July 28, 1885) was one of the Sabato Morais (Leghorn Italy April 13, 1823 - Philadelphia PA November 11, 1897) was an Italian-American Rabbi Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The City of New York Armando Picchi ( June 20, 1935 &ndash May 26, 1971) was an Italian football player and coach Dario Dolly Resta Born August 17, 1884 - September 2, 1924) was an Italian Briton Race car driver born in Livorno The Indianapolis 500-Mile Race, often shortened to Indianapolis 500 or Indy 500, and historically known simply as "The 500" is an American Samuel Uziel was a Talmudist and scholar of the 17th century rabbi of Leghorn. Levett is an Anglo-Norman territorial Surname deriving from the village of Livet-en-Ouche now Jonquerets-de-Livet, in Eure, Normandy The Orto Botanico del Mediterraneo is a Botanical garden located on the grounds of the Museo di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo at Via Roma 234 I-57127 Livorno The Cisternoni of Livorno are a series of three large buildings in the neoclassical style at Livorno Duomo is a generic Italian term for a Cathedral church The formal word for a church that is presently a cathedral is cattedrale; a

Dictionary

Livorno

-proper noun

  1. Province of Tuscany, Italy.
  2. Town and capital of Livorno.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic