| Livonian Order | |
|---|---|
 Insignia of the Livonian Order |
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| Active | 1237–1561 |
| Battle honours | Northern Crusades, Battle of the Ice, Livonian War |
The Livonian Order was a largely autonomous branch of the Teutonic Knights (or Teutonic Order) and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1237–1561. A battle honour is a military tradition practised in the Commonwealth countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand The Northern Crusades or Baltic Crusades were Crusades undertaken by the Catholic kings of Denmark and Sweden, the German Livonian The Battle of the Ice (Ледовое побоище Ledovoe poboishche; Schlacht auf dem Eise Jäälahing Ledus kauja also known as the Battle of Lake Peipus The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. The Livonian Confederation was established in 1418 covering the territories of present day Estonia and Latvia. After being defeated by Lithuania in the 1236 Battle of Schaulen (Saule), the remnants of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword were incorporated into the Teutonic Knights as the Livonian Order in 1237. The history of Lithuania between 1219 and 1295 deals with the establishment and early history of the first Lithuanian state the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Battle of Saule (Schlacht von Schaulen Saules kauja Saulės mūšis or Šiaulių mūšis was fought on September 22 1236 between the Livonian Bishop Albert of Riga founded the Military order of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Fratres militiæ Christi Livoniae Schwertbrüderorden in 1202
Between 1237 and 1290, the Livonian Order conquered all of Courland, Livonia, and Semigallia, but their attack on northern Russia was repelled in the Battle of Wesenberg (Rakovor) (1268). Courland (Kurzeme Kurland Latin: Curonia / Couronia; Kuršas Kuramaa Kurlandia Курляндия Курляндія Kuurinmaa is one of the historical Livonia (Līvõmō Latvian and Livonija Estonian: Liivimaa; Finnish: Liivinmaa; German and Swedish: Livland Zemgale, also known under Latinized names Semigalia or Semigallia (Zemgale Semgallen Žiemgala is an historical region of Latvia, sometimes also including This article is about a 1268 battle See also Battle of Rakvere (1603. In 1346, the Order bought the rest of Estonia from King Valdemar IV of Denmark. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Valdemar Atterdag (c 1320 &ndash October 24, 1375) was a King of Denmark (1340 - 1375 Life within the Order's territory is described in the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia and the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle. The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia ( Latin: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) is a historic document describing the history of Livonia and surrounding areas from The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle (Livländische Reimchronik was a Chronicle written in Low German by an anonymous writer
The Teutonic Order fell into decline following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 and the secularization of its Prussian territories by Albert of Brandenburg in 1525, but the Livonian Order managed to maintain an independent existence. The Battle of Grunwald (or 1st Battle of Tannenberg) took place on 15 July 1410 with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led by Albert (Albrecht Albertus 16 May 1490 – 20 March 1568 was the 37th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights and after converting to Lutheranism, During the Livonian War, however, they suffered a decisive defeat by troops of Muscovite Russia in the Battle of Ergeme in 1560. The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and The Battle of Ergeme (Härgmäe lahing Schlacht bei Ermes сражение при Эрмесе; Ērģemes kauja was fought on 2 August, 1560 in The Livonian Order then sought protection from Sigismund II Augustus, the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, who had intervened in a war between Bishop William of Riga and the Brothers in 1557. For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund II Augustus I (Zygmunt II August The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state created by the accession of Wladislaus II Jagiełło, Grand Duke of Lithuania, to The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje
After coming to an agreement with Sigismund II Augustus and his representatives (especially Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł), the last Livonian Master, Gotthard Kettler, secularized the Order and converted to Lutheranism. Union of Vilnius/Wilno redirects here For the 1499 treaty see Union of Kraków and Vilna. Gotthard von Kettler (also Ketteler; 1517 &ndash 17 May 1587) was the last Master of the Livonian Order and the first Duke of Courland Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther In the southern part of the Brothers' lands he created the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia for his family. The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Ducatus Curlandiæ et Semigalliæ Księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii,Herzogtum Kurland und Semgallen Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste is the name of Most of the remaining lands were seized by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The north of Estonia was taken back by Denmark and Sweden. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe
Masters of the Livonian Order
- Hermann Balk 1237–38
- Dietrich von Grüningen 1238–42
- Dietrich von Grüningen 1244–46
- Andreas von Stierland 1248–53
- Anno von Sangershausen 1253–56
- Burchard von Hornhausen 1256–60
- Werner von Breithausen 1261–63
- Konrad von Mandern 1263–66
- Otto von Lutterberg 1266–70
- Andreas von Westfalen 1270
- Walther von Nortecken 1270–73
- Ernst von Rassburg 1273–79
- Konrad von Feuchtwangen 1279–81
- Wilken von Endorp 1281–87
- Konrad von Herzogenstein 1288–90
- Halt von Hohembach –1293
- Heinrich von Dinkelaghe 1295–96
- Bruno 1296–98
- Gottfried von Rogga 1298–1307
- Conrad von Jocke 1309–22
- Johannes Ungenade 1322–24
- Reimar Hane 1324–28
- Everhard von Monheim 1328–40
- Burchard von Dreileben 1340–45
- Goswin von Hercke 1345–59
- Arnold von Vietinghof 1359–64
- Wilhelm von Vrymersheim 1364–85
- R. For the World War II general see Hermann Balck. For the American bishop see Victor Hermann Balke. Anno von Sangerhausen was a Master of Livonia (1253–56 and a Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (1256–73 Otto von Lutterberg was the Ordensmeister of the Livonian Order of the Teutonic Knights from 1266 to 1270 and was in command of the Livonian Order in 1268 when the Konrad von Feuchtwangen was the 13th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, serving from 1291-96 von Eltz 1385–89
- Wennemar Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye 1389–1401
- Konrad von Vietinghof 1401–13
- Diderick Tork 1413–15
- Siegfried Lander von Spanheim 1415–24
- Zisse von Rutenberg 1424–33
- Franco Kerskorff 1433–35
- Heinrich von Bockenvorde 1435–37
- H. Vinke von Overbergen 1438–50
- Johann Osthoff von Mengede 1450–69
- Johann Wolthuss von Herse 1470–71
- Bernd von der Borch 1471–83
- Johann Fridach von Loringhofe 1483–94
- Wolter von Plettenberg 1494–1535
- Hermann Hasenkamp von Brüggeneye 1535–49
- Johann von der Recke 1549–51
- Heinrich von Galen 1551–57
- Johann Wilhelm von Fürstenberg 1557–59
- Godert (Gotthard) Kettler 1559–61
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