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The Livonian Confederation was a loosely organized confederation in present day Estonia and Latvia ruled by the Order of Teutonic Knights of Livonia and which existed from 1228 to the 1560s. A confederation is a group of empowered states or communities usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution Ecclesiology (from Greek grc ἐκκλησίᾱ ekklēsiā, "congregation church" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the Ancient Estonia refers to a period covering History of Estonia from the middle of the 8th millennium BC until the conquest and subjugation of the Estonian people The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Ducatus Curlandiæ et Semigalliæ Księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii,Herzogtum Kurland und Semgallen Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste is the name of Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Walk was the historical German name for the town that is now divided into Valga in Estonia and Valka in Latvia. Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A confederation is a group of empowered states or communities usually created by treaty but often later adopting a common constitution A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation A Landtag ( Diet) is a representative assembly or Parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority The Livonian Crusade refers to the German and Danish conquest and colonization of medieval Livonia, the territory constituting modern Latvia Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names The Lübeck law was the constitution of a municipal form of government developed at Lübeck in Schleswig-Holstein after it was made a free city in 1226 The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade A Landtag ( Diet) is a representative assembly or Parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of Union of Vilnius/Wilno redirects here For the 1499 treaty see Union of Kraków and Vilna. The Kingdom of Livonia was a nominally declared state by Ivan IV during the Livonian War. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. It contained five small states: the Livonian Order, Archbishopric of Riga, Bishopric of Dorpat, Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek, and Bishopric of Courland. The Livonian Order was autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1418&ndash1561 The Archbishopric of Riga (Archiepiscopatus Rigensis Erzbisdom Riga was an independent Archbishopric established in 1255. The Bishopric of Dorpat (Tartu piiskopkond Bisdom Dorpat Ecclesia Tarbatensis was a medieval principality and a Catholic Diocese which existed from 1224 The Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek (Saare-Lääne piiskopkond Bistum Ösel-Wiek Low German: Bisdom Ösel-Wiek; contemporary Ecclesia Osiliensis was a semi-independent The Bishopric of Courland (Episcopatus Curoniensis Low German: Bisdom Curland) was a second largest (4500 km2 Ecclesiastical state in the Livonian
This division was created by Papal Legate William of Modena in 1228 as a compromise between the church and the powerful Livonian Order, both factions led by Germans, after the German knights had conquered and subdued the territories of several indigenous tribes: Finnic-speaking Estonians and Livs, and Baltic-speaking Latgalians, Selonians, Semigallians and Curonians. A Papal Legate – from the Latin authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the Pope to Foreign nations or to some part of the Catholic William of Modena, also known as William of Sabina, Guglielmo de Chartreaux, Guglielmo de Savoy, Guillelmus (c The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical A tribe, viewed historically or developmentally consists of a Social group existing before the development of or outside of States Many anthropologists use Estonians ( Estonian: eestlased, previously maarahvas) are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting primarily the country The Baltic languages are a group of related languages belonging to the Indo-European language family and spoken mainly in areas extending east and southeast of the Baltic The term Latgalians (latgalieši latgaļi (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) Selonians were a tribe of Baltic peoples who are now extinct The Selonians lived until the 15th century in Selonia, located in southeastern Latvia Semigallians ( Latvian Zemgaļi, also Zemgalians Semigalls Semigalians are one of the Baltic tribes that lived in Zemgale, in the southcentral The Kursenieki are also known as Curonians The Curonians ( Curonian: Kursi; Kuren Kurši Kuršiai Kuralased were In theory, one-third of the land was to be controlled by the Order and the remaining two-thirds by the church. But in reality, most of Livonia's territory was controlled by the Order, and conflicts between the Order, the bishops, and the powerful Hanseatic cities were common throughout the existence of the Confederation. Livonia (Līvõmō Latvian and Livonija Estonian: Liivimaa; Finnish: Liivinmaa; German and Swedish: Livland To solve internal disputes, the Livonian Diet or Landtag was formed in 1419. A Landtag ( Diet) is a representative assembly or Parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority The city of Walk was chosen as the site of the Diet. Walk was the historical German name for the town that is now divided into Valga in Estonia and Valka in Latvia. The Diet was composed of members of the Livonian Order, Livonian Bishops, vassals and city representatives. A vassal (also called feodary or fedary) in the terminology that both preceded and accompanied the feudalism of Medieval Europe,
All five states of the Livonian Confederation ceased to exist during the Livonian War (1558–82). The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of The Livonian Order was dissolved by the Wilno Pact in 1560. Union of Vilnius/Wilno redirects here For the 1499 treaty see Union of Kraków and Vilna. The following year, the Livonian Diet decided to ask protection from Sigismund II of Poland (Zygmunt II August) and the Grand Duke of Lithuania. For other nobles of the same name please see Sigismund. Sigismund II Augustus I (Zygmunt II August Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the With the end of government by the last Archbishop of Riga William of Brandenburg, Riga became a Free Imperial City and the rest of the territory was split between the Lithuanian vassal states Duchy of Courland and Semigallia and the Duchy of Livonia. Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash The term vassal state commonly refers to any state that was subordinate to another in the pre-modern international system The Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (Ducatus Curlandiæ et Semigalliæ Księstwo Kurlandii i Semigalii,Herzogtum Kurland und Semgallen Kurzemes un Zemgales hercogiste is the name of
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