The Song Dynasty (宋朝, Pinyin: Sòng cháo Wade-Giles: Sung) (420–479) was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China, followed by the Southern Qi Dynasty. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Events By Place Europe Pharamond leads the Franks across the Rhine. Events By Place Asia The Song Dynasty ends and the Southern Qi Dynasty begins in southern China. The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Southern Qi Dynasty 齊朝 ( Pinyin: Qí cháo ( 479 - 502) was the second of the Southern dynasties in China, followed by the

It was founded by Liu Yu 劉裕 (363–422), whose surname together with "Song" forms the most commonly used name for the dynasty, the Liu Song 劉宋. Early life Liu Yu was born in 363 to his father Liu Qiao (劉翹 and mother Zhao Anzong (趙安宗 while they were living at Jingkou (京口 in modern Zhenjiang, This appellation is used to distinguish it from a later dynasty of the same name, the Song Dynasty 宋 (960–1279), which is much more famous and significant. The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Events By Place Europe Edgar the Peaceable is crowned King of England. The Liu Song is also at times referred to as the "Southern Song Dynasty" (南宋), as it is one of the Southern Dynasties of the early medieval period, i. The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen e. , one of those with its capital at Jiankang (modern Nanjing). Jiankang (建康城 in Pinyin: Jiànkāng chéng formerly known as Jianye (建業 Jiànyè until Eastern Jin Dynasty (317 – 420 was an ancient city in ( Chinese: 南京 Romanizations Nánjīng ( Pinyin) Nan-ching ( Wade-Giles However, the later Song Dynasty, after 1127, when it moved its capital south to Lin'an (modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang), is most commonly referred to as "Southern Song Dynasty" (南宋). The Song Dynasty ( Wade-Giles: Sung Ch'ao was a ruling dynasty in China between 960&ndash1279 CE it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, Zhejiang ( is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. Thus, for the shorter dynasty which is the subject of this article, "Liu Song" has become the term preferred in most contexts.

The Liu Song was a time when there was much internal turmoil. A number of emperors were incompetent and/or tyrannical, which at least partially led to many military revolts. These rulers include Liu Shao, Emperor Xiaowu, Emperor Qianfei, Emperor Ming, and Emperor Houfei. As crown prince Liu Shao's official birthdate was in 426 when his father Emperor Wen (Liu Yilong was already the emperor of Liu Song Background Liu Jun was born in 430 as Emperor Wen's third son Background Liu Ziye was born in 449 when his father Liu Jun was still the Prince of Wuling under his grandfather Emperor Wen. Background Liu Yu was born in 439 as Emperor Wen 's 11th son His mother Consort Shen Rongji (沈容姬 was a low-ranked imperial consort with the title Meiren Background Liu Yu was born in 463 when his father Liu Yu (different character was the Prince of Xiangdong under his uncle Emperor Xiaowu. Emperor Ming was especially vicious, murdering a large number of his brothers, nephews, and other male relatives — many of them children. Such internal instability eventually led to the dynasty's destruction. However, its founder Emperor Wu was considered one of the greatest generals during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period, and the reign of its third emperor, Emperor Wen, is known for its political stability and capable administration, not only of its emperor but its strong and honest officials. Early life Liu Yu was born in 363 to his father Liu Qiao (劉翹 and mother Zhao Anzong (趙安宗 while they were living at Jingkou (京口 in modern Zhenjiang, This article is about the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. Early life Liu Yilong was born at Jingkou (京口 in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) in 407 to Liu Yu and his Concubine Hu Dao'an (胡道安 as Liu This is known as the Reign of Yuanjia (425–453) and one of the relative golden ages for the Southern Dynasties. The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen

Literature and Culture

Despite, and certainly to some extent because of, this bloodbath, the Liu Song produced much great poetry (shi 詩) and other poetic genres, notably the rhapsody, fu 賦. Shi ( is the Chinese word for " Poetry " or "poem" The imperial house sponsored many literary works, and many wrote themselves. The court of Emperor Wen was especially active in literary circles, with Liu supporting the compilation of a large collection of short prose anecdotes, A New Account of Tales of the World (Shishuo xinyu). Early life Liu Yilong was born at Jingkou (京口 in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) in 407 to Liu Yu and his Concubine Hu Dao'an (胡道安 as Liu The "Three Giants of Yuanjia," Bao Zhao 鮑照 (d. 466), Xie Lingyun 謝霊運 (385–422), and Yan Yanzhi 顏延之 (384–456) are perhaps the most famous poets of the Song, each of them being credited as the originators of the three major literary trends to follow. Xie Lingyun ( 385–433 also known as the Duke of Kangle (康樂公 was one of the foremost Chinese poet of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Scientists and astronomers were also active during periods of relative peace. Buddhism also began to be better understood and more widely practised at this time, and some officials such as Xie Lingyun, were Buddhists.

Table of Successions

   Daming   (大明 dà míng)   457–464

   Jinghe    (景和 jǐng hé)    465

   Taiyu  (泰豫 taì yù) 472

Note

1. ^ Emperor Xiaowu's son Liu Zixun (Emperor Qianfei's brother) was declared emperor in spring 466 and received pledges of allegiance from the vast majority of provinces, but was defeated by Emperor Ming's forces and executed by Emperor Ming's general Shen Youzhi in fall 466. Events By Place Europe Huneric becomes king of Vandals. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Events By Place Asia The Song Dynasty ends and the Southern Qi Dynasty begins in southern China. Events By Place Europe Huneric becomes king of Vandals. According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Events By Place Asia The Song Dynasty ends and the Southern Qi Dynasty begins in southern China. Background Liu Zixun was born in 456 as Emperor Xiaowu 's third son Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire Emperor Leo I repels the Hun invasion of Dacia. Shen Youzhi (沈攸之 (d 478 Courtesy name Zhongda (仲達 was a general during the Chinese dynasty Liu Song, who in the final moments

References

• Book of Song. The Book of Song ( also called "The History of the Song" is a historical text of the Liu Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties of
• History of Southern Dynasties, available at National Sun Yat-sen University. The History of Southern Dynasties ( is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon The National Sun Yat-sen University ( is a Public university located in Kaohsiung, Republic of China ( Taiwan)
• Zizhi Tongjian, vols. The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography. 119 to 134.

See also

• History of China
• Southern and Northern Dynasties
• Six dynasties
• Chinese sovereign
• Song Dynasty