| Little Women | |
| Author | Louisa May Alcott |
|---|---|
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Genre(s) | Family / Drama / Comedy / Coming of Age |
| Publisher | Louisa May Alcott |
| Publication date | 1868 |
| Media type | Print (Hardback & Paperback) |
| ISBN | NA |
| Followed by | Little Men |
Little Women is a novel published in 1868 and written by American author Louisa May Alcott. Louisa May Alcott ( November 29, 1832 – March 6, 1888) was an American Novelist. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Family denotes a group of People affiliated by consanguinity affinity or co-residence Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Coming of age is a young person's transition from Adolescence to Adulthood The age at which this transition takes place varies in society as does the nature Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Louisa May Alcott ( November 29, 1832 – March 6, 1888) was an American Novelist. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap A hardcover (or hardback or hardbound) is a Book bound with rigid protective covers (typically of cardboard covered with Cloth Paperback, softback, or softcover describe and refer to a Book by the nature of its binding. Little Men or Life at Plumfield with Jo's Boys is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott, first published in 1871. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Louisa May Alcott ( November 29, 1832 – March 6, 1888) was an American Novelist. The story concerns the lives and loves of four sisters growing up during the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South It was based on Alcott's own experiences as a child in Boston and Concord, Massachusetts, with her three sisters, Amy (May), Meg (Anna), and Beth (Elizabeth).
Contents |
History, release and sequels
Alcott wrote Little Women during 1867 and early 1868, writing furiously for two and a half months. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap She drew heavily on her experiences growing up with her three sisters in Boston, Massachusetts and Concord, Massachusetts. Concord is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. [1] The novel was first published on September 30, 1868, and became an overnight success, selling over 2,000 copies immediately. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The critical reception was also overwhelmingly positive; critics soon began calling the new novel a classic. Readers clamoured for a second volume, and Alcott received many letters asking for a sequel.
In response to this demand, Alcott wrote a second part and a first part of the book, which was published in 1869. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Both parts were called Little Women, or, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy. Part II picks up three years after the events in the last chapter of the first part Little Women ("Aunt March Settles The Question"). In 1880, the two parts were combined into one volume, and have been published as such in the United States ever since. In the UK, the second part was published under the title Good Wives, though Alcott had no part in the decision.
Alcott later wrote Little Men and Jo's Boys which followed the lives of the girls' children. Little Men or Life at Plumfield with Jo's Boys is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott, first published in 1871. Jo's Boys and How They Turned Out A Sequel to "Little Men" is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott, first published in 1886
Plot introduction
Alcott's original work explores the overcoming of character flaws (many of the chapter titles in this first part are allusions to the allegorical concepts and places in Pilgrim's Progress). The Pilgrim's Progress from This World to That Which Is to Come by John Bunyan (published February 1678) is a Christian Allegory The girls' "guidebooks", as they are called, are not specifically labeled — a Bible and Pilgrim's Progress are the candidates for it, though. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Each of the March girls displays a major character flaw: Meg, vanity; Jo, a hot temper; Beth, shyness; and Amy, selfishness. They overcome their flaws through lessons learned the hard way. Most of the flaws are in check for a time after lessons are learned, but even as young women the girls must work out these flaws in order to become mothers, wives, sisters, and citizens.
In the course of the novel, the girls become friends with their next-door neighbor, the teenage boy Laurie, who becomes a particular friend of Jo's. As well as the more serious and sadder themes outlined above, the book describes the activities of the sisters and their friend, such as creating a newspaper and picnicking, and the various scrapes that Jo and Laurie get into. The story represents family relationships and explores family life thoroughly.
Characters
- Josephine "Jo" March: The star of the novel. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Jo is a tomboy and the second-oldest sister at fifteen. She is very outspoken and has a passion for writing. Her bold nature often gets her into trouble. She is especially close to her younger sister Beth, who helps her become a gentler person. Jo cuts off her long , chestnut brown hair — "her one beauty," as Amy calls it — and sells it to a wig shop to get money for her mother to visit their father, a wounded Civil War chaplain. A wig is a head of Hair made from horse-hair human hair wool feathers buffalo hair or synthetic worn on the head for fashion or various other aesthetic and stylistic Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South A chaplain is typically a Priest, Pastor, ordained Deacon, Rabbi, Imam or other member of the Clergy serving a group of She refuses the proposal of marriage from family friend Laurie aka Theodore Laurence (despite many letters sent to Alcott to have them married), and later marries Professor Fritz Bhaer. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** They have two sons, Rob, named after his grandfather, and Teddy, named after Laurie. The character of Jo is based on Louisa herself.
- Margaret "Meg" March: At sixteen, she is the eldest sister. She is very pretty and somewhat vain about her looks, with smooth hair and small, white hands. She is the most responsible and helps run the household in her mother's absence. Meg also guards Amy from Jo when they have fights, just like Jo protects Beth. Due to the family's poverty she must work as a governess for wealthy friends, the King family. A governess is a female employee of a family who teaches children within their home After having bad experiences with some rich people (first, the Kings' eldest son is disinherited for bad behavior, and later she visits her friend Annie Moffat and discovers that her family believes Mrs. March is plotting to engage her to Laurie only for his family's wealth), the greedy Meg learns to tolerate being poor, and eventually discovers that true worth does not lie with money. She falls in love with Mr. John Brooke, Laurie's poor tutor. In British Australian New Zealand Italian and some Canadian universities, a tutor is often but not always a Postgraduate Student or a Lecturer She eventually marries Mr. Brooke and bears twin children, Margaret "Daisy" and John, Jr. "Demi" (short for Demi-John), and a third child, Josephine (called "Josie"), who is mentioned in Little Men. Little Men or Life at Plumfield with Jo's Boys is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott, first published in 1871.
- Elizabeth "Beth" March: The second-youngest sister, at about thirteen, is a quiet, kind young woman who is an exceptional pianist. A pianist (/'piənɪst/ is a Musician who plays the Piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces play with an ensemble or Orchestra She also enjoys looking after her dolls and cats. She is docile and shy to a fault, having to be homeschooled because her chronic shyness didn't let her go to school normally. Beth also is engaged with charity; while her mother is nursing their father, she contracts scarlet fever from a poor German family. Scarlet fever is a disease caused by an Exotoxin released by Streptococcus pyogenes. She survives the illness but is weakened greatly, and eventually dies of bad health. She is described as having a round, rosy face, shiny brown hair and appearing younger than her years. She is especially close to Jo, despite their very different personalities.
- Amelia Curtis "Amy" March:The youngest sister at age twelve when the story begins, and a talented artist, Amy is described as a pretty young girl with golden hair (in curls) and blue eyes (she is described as having the general traits of a "snow maiden"). The definition of an artist is wide-ranging and covers a broad spectrum of Activities to do with creating Art, practicing the Arts and/or demonstrating Her nose however is rather flat, and Amy obsesses over this minor flaw, apparently having adquired it after a small accident she had as a three years old, when she was playing with Jo. She cares about her family, but is also "cool, reserved and worldly", showing more compassion when she became a wife. In her youth, she is vain and spoiled and is inclined to throw tantrums when things do not go her way, being often "petted" since she was the youngest. Her relationship with Jo in particular is often strained, due to Jo's bad temper and Amy's immaturity. She eventually travels abroad thanks to her Aunt March (who originally wanted Jo to accompany her, but changes her mind, considering Jo's un-ladylike behavior), and finally marries Laurie.
- Margaret "Marmee" March: The girls' mother and head of household while her husband is away. She engages in charitable works and attempts to guide her girls' morals and shape their characters. She confesses to Jo after her big fight with Amy that she has a temper as bad and volatile as Jo's own, but has learnt to control it to avoid hurting herself and her loved ones.
- Robert March: Formerly wealthy, it is implied that he helped unscrupulous friends who did not repay the debt, resulting in the family's poverty. A great scholar and a minister, he serves as a chaplain for the Union Army. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War.
- Hannah Mullet: The maid of the March family, an older woman, who (from a letter written in the first person in the text) is described as kind and loyal, if lacking in formal education.
- Aunt Josephine March: A rich widow. WIDOW is a full-length Album recorded by British rock band Ritual released in 1983 She lives alone in her mansion and Jo is employed to wait on her each day. A mansion is a large dwelling House. The word itself derives (through Old French) from the Latin word mansus (the perfect passive participle Actually Mr. March's aunt, she disapproves of his family's charitable work and loss of wealth, while throwing her weight around with hers. Amy is sent to be Aunt March's "companion" when Beth is ill; though at first she is dismayed, her tenure there does the spoiled little girl good.
- Uncle and Aunt Carrol: Sister and brother-in-law of Mr. March.
- Theodore "Laurie" Laurence: A charming, playful, and rich young man who lives next door to the March family with his overprotective grandfather. He is often misunderstood by his loving but extremely severe grandfather, who worries that Laurie will follow in his father's footsteps. His father was a free-spirited young man who eloped with an Italian pianist and was disowned for that, only to die young of illness, and his wife soon followed. Laurie is the only one of their little family who survives, and then he's sent to live with Mr. Laurence. After Jo refuses to marry Laurie he flees to Europe for vacation. While there, he falls in love with and marries Amy, who gives birth to their daughter Bess.
- Mr. James Laurence: A wealthy neighbor to the Marches. Lonely in his mansion, and often at odds with his high-spirited grandson, Laurie, he finds comfort in becoming a benefactor to the Marches. He admires their charity, and develops a special friendship with Beth, who reminds him of his dead daughter (Laurie's aunt).
- John Brooke: While a tutor to Laurie, he falls in love with Meg; she initially rejects him until Aunt March prohibits the match (she feared Brooke was only interested in Meg's possible inheritance as her niece), at which point she realizes she is in love as well and defies Aunt March. He serves in the Union Army after late 1861, and marries Meg after the war. He dies at the end of Little Men.
- The Hummels: Very poor German immigrant family. Marmee and the girls, though poor themselves, try to help them. Their baby dies of scarlet fever and Beth contracts it while caring for the child.
- The Kings: Family who employ Meg as a governess.
- The Gardiners: Wealthy friends of Meg's. Before the Marches lost their wealth, the two families were societal equals. The Gardiners are portrayed as good-hearted but vapid, and believing in marriage for money and position. Meg's friend Sallie Gardiner eventually marries her friend Ned Moffat, but is unhappy in her marriage.
- Mrs. Kirke: A friend of Marmee's who runs a boarding house in New York. She employs Jo as governess to her two girls, Kitty and Minnie, for a time.
- Professor Friedrich "Fritz" Bhaer: A poor German immigrant who used to be a well-known professor in Berlin but now lives in Mrs. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Kirke's boarding house and tutors her children. He and Jo become friends and he critiques Jo's work, encouraging her to become a serious writer instead of writing "sensation" stories for weekly tabloids. The two eventually marry.
- Franz and Emil: Mr. Bhaer's two nephews whom he looks after following the death of his sister.
- Tina: The small daughter of Mrs. Kirke's French washerwoman: she is a favorite of Professor Bhaer's.
- Miss Norton: A worldly tenant living in Mrs. Kirke's boarding house. She occasionally takes Jo under her wing and entertains her.
Notable adaptations
Play
Little Women, a play in four acts, adapted by Marian De Forest from the story by Louisa May Alcott, opened on Broadway at the Playhouse Theatre, on October 14, 1912. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located The Playhouse Theatre is a West End theatre in the City of Westminster, located in Northumberland Avenue, near Trafalgar Square. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The production was directed by Jessie Bonstelle and Bertram Harrison. The cast included Marie Pavey, Alice Brady, Gladys Hulette and Beverly West. Alice Brady ( November 2, 1892 - October 28,) was an Academy Award -winning American actress who began her career in the Silent Gladys Hulette ( July 21, 1896 – August 8, 1991) was a Silent film actress from Arcade New York. It ran for 184 performances.
The play was revived on 18 December 1916 at the Park Theatre for 24 performances. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Another revival opened on 7 December 1931 at the Playhouse Theatre in New York City in a production directed by William A. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of New York Brady, Jr. with Jessie Royce Landis as Jo, Lee Patrick as Meg, Marie Curtis, and Jane Corcoran. Jessie Royce Landis ( November 25, 1896 - February 2, 1972) was an American actress. Lee Patrick may refer to Lee Patrick (actress (1901&ndash1982 American theater and film actress Lee Patrick (saxophonist, American saxophonist It ran for 17 performances.
In 1995 the play adaptation "Louisa's Little Women" by Beth Lynch and Scott Lynch-Giddings premiered in a production by the Wisdom Bridge Theatre Company at the Harold Washington Library Center in Chicago. The Harold Washington Library Center is the central library for the Chicago Public Library System Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The play covers the events of Part One of Alcott's novel, interspersed with scenes depicting complementary aspects of her own life, including the influence of her father Bronson Alcott and her acquaintance with Henry David Thoreau, Julia Ward Howe, and Frank Leslie. Amos Bronson Alcott (November 29 1799 &ndash March 4 1888 was an American teacher and writer Julia Ward Howe (May 27 1819 &ndash October 17 1910 was a prominent American abolitionist, social activist, and Poet most famous as Frank Leslie (1821-1880 was an English-born American engraver, Illustrator, and publisher of family periodicals
There is another adaptation of the play by Emma Reeves which is being performed this autumn at GSA in Guildford, Surrey, England.
Literature
In 2005, Geraldine Brooks published March, a novel exploring the gaps in Little Women, telling the story of Mr. Geraldine Brooks (born 1955 is an Australian American Journalist and Author. March is a Novel by Geraldine Brooks. It is a Parallel novel that retells Louisa May Alcott 's novel Little Women March during the Civil War. It won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction has been awarded since 1948 for distinguished fiction by an American author preferably dealing with American life
Film
- 1933 version: Katharine Hepburn as Jo, Spring Byington as Marmee. Little Women is a monochrome (b&w with sound 1933 film made by RKO and directed by George Cukor from a screenplay by Sarah Y Katharine Houghton Hepburn (May 12 1907 – June 29 2003 was an American actress of film television and stage } Spring Byington ( October 17, 1886 – September 7, 1971) was an Oscar -nominated American actress
- 1949 version: Elizabeth Taylor as Amy, June Allyson as Jo, Janet Leigh as Meg, Margaret O'Brien as Beth, Mary Astor as Marmee, and Peter Lawford as Laurie. Little Women ( 1949) directed by Mervyn LeRoy is based on Louisa May Alcott 's novel of the same name. Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (born 27 February 1932) is a two-time Academy Award -winning English-American actress June Allyson (October 7 1917 – July 8 2006 was a Golden Globe -winning American film and television Actress, popular in the 1940s Janet Leigh (born Jeanette Helen Morrison; July 6, 1927 – October 3, 2004) was an American actress. Margaret O'Brien (born January 15, 1937 in San Diego California) is an Academy Award -winning American Film actress Mary Astor ( May 3, 1906 – September 25, 1987) was an Academy Award -winning American Actress. Peter Sydney Lawford (September 7 1923 &ndash December 24 1984 was an English-born American Actor, member of the " Rat Pack," and brother-in-law
- 1978 version: Meredith Baxter as Meg, Susan Dey as Jo, Eve Plumb as Beth, William Shatner as Friedrich Bhaer, Greer Garson as Aunt March, and Robert Young as Grandpa James Lawrence. Little Women is a 1978 romantic family drama Television film directed by David Lowell Rich and based upon Louisa May Alcott 's Meredith Ann Baxter (born June 21, 1947) is an American actress. Susan Hallock Dey (born December 10, 1952 in Pekin Illinois) is a Golden Globe winning and Emmy Award -nominated American Not to be confused with Eve's Plum, the rock group Eve Aline Plumb (born April 29, 1958) is an American actress William Alan Shatner (born March 22, 1931) is a Canadian double Emmy - Golden Globe - and Saturn Award -winning Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson, CBE ( September 29, 1904 - April 6, 1996) was an English-American actress who was Robert George Young ( February 22 1907 - July 21 1998) was an American Actor, best known for his leading roles of Jim Anderson
- 1994 version: Susan Sarandon as Marmee, Winona Ryder as Jo, Kirsten Dunst as the younger Amy, Samantha Mathis as the older Amy, Christian Bale as Laurie, Claire Danes as Beth and Trini Alvarado as Meg. Little Women is the 1994 film version of the classic Louisa May Alcott novel Little Women adapted by Robin Swicord Susan Sarandon (born Susan Abigail Tomalin; October 4 1946 is an American Actress. Winona Laura Horowitz (born October 29 1971 better known under her professional name Winona Ryder, is an American actress Kirsten Caroline Dunst (born April 30 1982 is an American actress and singer Samantha Mathis (born May 12 1970 is an American Actress. The daughter of actress Bibi Besch, Mathis made her film debut in Pump Up the Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974 is a British Claire Catherine Danes (born April 12, 1979) is a Golden Globe Award -winning and Emmy Award -nominated American Film Trini Alvarado (born 10 January, 1967) is an American actress best known for her performance as Meg March in the 1994 film adaptation of
Additional versions appeared in 1917, 1918, 1946, 1948, 1950, 1958, 1970, 1979, and 2001 [1].
Opera and musical
- In 1998 the book was adapted as an opera by composer Mark Adamo. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Little Women (1998 is the first opera composed by American composer Mark Adamo to his own Libretto after Louisa May Alcott 's tale Mark Adamo (born 1962 is an Italian American composer and librettist born in Philadelphia Pennsylvania.
- On January 23, 2005, a Broadway musical adaptation of the same name opened at the Virginia Theatre in New York City with a book by Allan Knee, music by Jason Howland, and lyrics by Mindi Dickstein. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located Little Women is a musical with a book by Allan Knee, lyrics by Mindi Dickstein, and music by Jason Howland. The August Wilson Theatre, located at 245 West 52nd Street in New York City, is a legitimate Broadway theatre. The City of New York Allan Knee is a film and television writer and playwright who authored the following Stage 1 Little Women (Broadway musical (2005 The musical starred Sutton Foster as Jo March and pop singer Maureen McGovern as Marmee. Sutton Foster (born March 18, 1975) is an American actress, Singer, and Dancer. Maureen Therese McGovern (born July 27, 1949) is an American Singer and Broadway actress, widely known for her premier The mixed-reviewed production ran through June 2005, garnering a Tony nomination for Sutton. While it had a disappointingly short life in New York, it had a very successful first national tour; Again starring Maureen McGovern, the tour began August 30 of that year, touring to 30 cities over 49 weeks. A second national tour is being planned for the 2007-2008 season. The Musical had it's European premier on the 7th of February 2008 at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, London England, and was a great success.
Anime
In 1987, the Japanese animation studio Nippon Animation did an anime adaptation titled Ai no Wakakusa Monogatari (The Story of Love's Young Grass). Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Nippon Animation (日本アニメーション is a Japanese animation studio (anime in Japanese, The series was part of the studio's World Masterpiece Theatre series of animated adaptations of classic Western literary works. Western culture (sometimes equated with Western Civilization) are terms which are used to refer to Cultures of European origin The series was directed by Fumio Kurokawa with character designs by Yoshifumi Kondo. Yoshifumi Kondō (近藤喜文 Kondō Yoshifumi) ( March 31, 1950 &ndash January 21, 1998) was a Japanese animator that worked for Saban Entertainment produced an English dubbed version (Tales of Little Women) which aired on HBO in the United States in 1988-89, and the series has also achieved immense popularity in Europe (Una per tutte, tutte per una in Italy, Les quatre filles du Docteur March in France, Mujercitas in Spain and Eine fröhliche Familie in Germany). Saban Entertainment was an independent television production company formed in 1983 by music and television producers Haim Saban and Shuki Levy (who The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
This series changed the name of the town in which the series takes place from "Concord" to "Newcord", and also added episodes depicting scenes not from the novel at the beginning as a way of introducing the characters and educating the Japanese audience about the American Civil War. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South It is otherwise a faithful and highly regarded adaptation. Nippon Animation also produced an anime adaptation of Jo's Boys in 1993 for the World Masterpiece Theatre, titled Wakakusa Monogatari Nan to Jou Sensei (The Story of Young Grass: Nan and Mrs. Nippon Animation (日本アニメーション is a Japanese animation studio Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Jo) and directed by Kozo Kusuba.
Two other anime adaptations of Little Women were made in the early 1980s: a 1980 TV special produced by Toei Animation and directed by Yugo Serikawa, and Wakakusa Monogatari yori: Wakakusa no Yon Shimai (From the Story of Young Grass: Four Sisters of Young Grass), a 1981 Toei Animation/Kokusai Eigasha TV series directed by Kazuya Miyazaki and from the same animation team. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) ( is a Japanese animation studio owned by Toei Co Ltd. The studio was originally founded in 1948 as Japan Animated Films (日本動画映画 Nihon Dōga Eiga often shortened Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 ( is a Japanese animation studio owned by Toei Co Ltd. The studio was originally founded in 1948 as Japan Animated Films (日本動画映画 Nihon Dōga Eiga often shortened The 1981 TV series was also released in the United States on video, courtesy of Sony. Still, Nippon Animation's 1987 version is the most successful and also widely regarded as the best of all anime adaptations of the story. As an interesting aside, seiyuu Keiko Han was cast in both the 1981 (as Beth) and 1987 (as Meg) TV series. A is a Japanese vocal actor Seiyū work in Radio, Television, and movies; they perform voice-overs for non-Japanese movies they provide narration and they is a Seiyū born on April 5, 1953 in Tokyo, Japan. She attended Tōyō Eiwa Jogakuin, going on to study theatre arts at
A nod to the characters can be seen in the English release of the Nintendo 64 game, The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. is an action-adventure Video game developed by Nintendo 's Entertainment Analysis and Development division for the Nintendo 64 Video game In the Forest Temple, the player must solve four puzzles hosted by ghosts by the names of Amy, Beth, Joelle and Meg in order to progress through the game.
See also
- Orchard House, where Alcott lived while writing Little Women
- March, a novel based upon Little Women
References
External links
- Little Women, available at Project Gutenberg. Orchard House is a house and museum located in Concord Massachusetts. March is a Novel by Geraldine Brooks. It is a Parallel novel that retells Louisa May Alcott 's novel Little Women Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
- Lesson plans for Little Women at Web English Teacher
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