Korora redirects here. Korora redirects here For the Kororaa Linux operating system see Kororaa. For the Kororaa Linux operating system, see Kororaa. Kororaa was a binary installation method for Gentoo Linux which aimed for easy installation of a Gentoo system by using install scripts instead of manual configuration

Little Penguin
Adelaide Zoo, Australia. Adelaide Zoo is Australia's second oldest zoo located in Adelaide, South Australia and the only major metropolitan zoo in Australia to be owned and operated
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Sphenisciformes Family: Spheniscidae Genus: Eudyptula Species: E. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Least Concern ( LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Penguins ( order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless Birds living almost Penguins ( order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless Birds living almost The genus Eudyptula ("good little diver" contains two species of Penguin. minor
Binomial name
Eudyptula minor (J.R.Forster, 1781)

The Little Penguin (Eudyptula minor) is the smallest species of penguin being about 43 cm (16 in) tall. Johann Reinhold Forster ( October 22, 1729 &ndash December 9, 1798) was a German naturalist of partial Scottish Year 1781 ( MDCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Penguins ( order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless Birds living almost It is found on the coastlines of southern Australia and New Zealand, with possible records from Chile.

They have several common names. In Australia, they are often referred to as Fairy Penguins because of their tiny size. In New Zealand, they are called Little Blue Penguins, or just Blue Penguins, owing to their indigo-blue plumage, and they are called Kororā in Māori. This article discusses the Māori people of New Zealand For their language see Māori language, and for other meanings see Māori (disambiguation.

Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Distribution and habitat 4 Behaviour 4.1 Diet 4.2 Reproduction 5 Relationship with humans 6 Sea World 7 Predators 8 Gallery 9 References 9.1 Cited text 10 External links

Taxonomy

The Little Penguin was first described by German naturalist Johann Reinhold Forster in 1781. Johann Reinhold Forster ( October 22, 1729 &ndash December 9, 1798) was a German naturalist of partial Scottish There are several subspecies but a precise classification of these is still a matter of dispute. In Zoology, as in other branches of Biology, subspecies is the Taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a Species. The White-flippered Penguin, is sometimes considered a subspecies, sometimes a distinct species, and sometimes a morph. The White-flippered Penguin ( Eudyptula albosignata albosignata) is a small Penguin about 30 cm tall and weighing 1 Polymorphism in biology occurs when two or more clearly different Phenotypes exist in the same population of a species — in other words the occurrence of more than one As the Australian and western South Island Little Penguins seem to be a distinct species^[1] to which the specific name minor would apply, the White-flippered birds indeed belong to a distinct species, although not exactly as originally assumed. In zoological nomenclature a specific name or specific epithet is the second part (second name in the name of a Species (a Binomen)

Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the split between Eudyptula and Spheniscus occurred around 25 million years ago, with the ancestors of the White-flippered and Little Penguins diverging about 2. In Cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. In Cell biology, the nucleus (pl nuclei; from Latin la ''nucleus'' or la ''nuculeus'' "little nut" or kernel is a membrane-enclosed 7 million years ago. ^[2]

Description

The Little Penguin typically grows to 43 cm (16 in) tall and weighs about one kilogram (2. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. 2 pounds). The male is a little larger than the female, although their plumage is similar. The head and upperparts are indigo in colour, with slate-grey ear coverts fading to white underneath, from the chin to the belly. The flippers are indigo above and white underneath. The dark grey-black bill is 3-4 cm long, the irises pale silvery- or bluish-grey or hazel, and the feet whitish above with black soles and webbing. An immature individual will have a shorter bill and paler upperparts. ^[3]

Like most seabirds, they have a long lifespan. The average for the species is 6. 5 years, but flipper ringing experiments have recorded individuals that have lived for over 20 years. Bird ringing (also known as bird Banding) is an aid to studying wild Birds by attaching a small individually numbered metal or plastic ring to their legs ^[4]

Distribution and habitat

See also: List of Little Penguin colonies

The Little Penguin breeds along the entire coastline of New Zealand, the Chatham Islands, Tasmania, and southern Australia. This page lists the locations of known colonies of the Little Penguin. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Archipelago of the Chatham Islands ( Rekohu in the Moriori language and Wharekauri in the Māori language) is a territory Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

Little penguins have also been reported from Chile (where they are known as Pingüino pequeño or Pingüino azul) (Isla Chañaral 1996, Playa de Santo Domingo, San Antonio, 16 March 1997) but it is unclear whether these birds were vagrants. Isla Chañaral (sometimes referred to as Isla Chanaral or Chanaral Island) Chile is located 6 km off-shore from the northern Central Chilean coast San Antonio is a Chilean port city and commune in San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar See also Vagrancy (people for an alternative use of the term Vagrancy is a phenomenon in Biology whereby individual animals appear well Nevertheless it has been suggested that there might be a yet undiscovered breeding population in the Chilean portion of Patagonia. Llao LLaojpg|thumb|250px| Lake Nahuel Huapi, near Bariloche, Argentina Recently, the first record of a living Little Penguin has been reported from Namibia (Ichaboe Island, April 2005). Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast

Behaviour

Diet

These birds feed by hunting fish, squid, and other small sea animals, for which they travel and dive quite extensively. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Squid are marine Cephalopods of the order Teuthida, which comprises around 300 species

Reproduction

Little Penguins live year-round in large colonies, with each individual breeding pair forming a burrow in which to raise their chicks (of which two are born at a time). Little Penguins typically return to their colonies to feed their chicks at dusk; the birds will tend to come ashore in small groups to provide some defense against predators which might pick off individuals one by one. In Australia, the strongest colonies are on cat-free and fox-free islands.

Relationship with humans

At Phillip Island, south-east of Melbourne, a viewing area has been set up to allow tourists to view the nightly "penguin parade". Phillip Island is located about 140km away from Melbourne Named after Governor Arthur Phillip, Phillip Island in Victoria Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 Lights and concrete stands have been erected to allow visitors to see but not photograph the birds interacting in their colony, who are not bothered by their spectators. The "parade",which stands as a very popular attraction, brings half a million visitors a year. ^[5] Tourists to Perth in Western Australia can also make the short trip to Penguin Island to see the penguins and observe their normal behaviour. The Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony^[6] is the New Zealand equivalent to Phillip Island's penguin parade.

Linus Torvalds, the original creator of Linux (a popular operating system kernel), was once bitten by a Little Penguin while on holiday in Australia. Linus Benedict Torvalds ( ˈtuːrvalds born December 28 1969 in Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish software engineer Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS Reportedly, this encounter encouraged Torvalds to select Tux as the official Linux mascot/logo. ^[7]

Penny the Little Penguin was the mascot for the 2007 FINA World Swimming Championships held in Melbourne, Victoria. ^[8][9]

Sea World

There is a colony of Little Penguins at Sea World, on the Gold Coast, in Queensland, Australia. Sea World is a Marine mammal park on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. This article is about the Australian city Gold Coast For other uses see Gold Coast. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Sea World is a Marine mammal park on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. This article is about the Australian city Gold Coast For other uses see Gold Coast. Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. In early March, 2007, 25 of the 37 penguins died from an unknown toxin following a change of gravel in their enclosure. ^[10][11][12] It is still not known what caused the deaths of the Little Penguins, and it was decided not to return the 12 surviving penguins to the same enclosure in which the penguins became ill. ^[13]

A new enclosure for the Little Penguin colony was opened at Sea World in 2008.

Predators

Little Penguins in the wild are sometimes preyed upon by New Zealand fur seals. A study done by researchers from the South Australian Research and Development Institute found that roughly 40 percent of seal droppings in South Australia's Granite Island area contained Little Penguin remains. Granite Island ( is a small island next to Victor Harbor, South Australia, not far from South Australia's Capital city Adelaide. ^[14]

Gallery

At the Henry Doorly Zoo	Little Penguins in an older-style enclosure at Taronga Zoo	Little Penguin climbing to its nest on the St Kilda breakwater	Little Penguins, Melbourne Zoo
Little Penguins in the wild calling, Dunedin, New Zealand	A group at Adelaide Zoo, Australia. The Henry Doorly Zoo, located at 3701 South 10th Street is a Zoo in Omaha Nebraska. Taronga Zoo is the city Zoo of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. St Kilda is an Inner city Suburb of the Victorian capital of Melbourne, Australia.	Feeding time at Melbourne Zoo

References

• BirdLife International (2004). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Eudyptula minor. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 9 May 2006.

Cited text

• Williams, Tony D. (1995). The Penguins. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854667-X.  

External links

• More Information on Little penguins @ New Zealand Penguins
• Little penguins from the International Penguin Conservation Web Site
• Philip Island Nature Park Web Site
• www.pinguins.info : information about all species of penguins
• Tourist Information. Plan Your Trip to Phillip Island's Penguin Parade
• Gould's The Birds of Australia plate
• Fairy Penguin on Google Video
• Roscoe, R. John Gould ( 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English Ornithologist. The Birds of Australia was a book written by John Gould and published in seven volumes between 1840 and 1848 Little (Blue) Penguin. Photo Volcaniaca. Retrieved on 13 April 2008.

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