Citizendia

This is a list of important publications in medicine, organized by field. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the

Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important:

Contents

Foundations

De Materia Medica

Author: Pedanius Dioscorides
Publication data: De Materia Medica, 50–70
Online version: Online version of first volume
Description: This five-volume work was a precursor to all modern pharmacopeias. Pedanius Dioscorides (Πεδάνιος Διοσκορίδης ca Materia medica is a Latin medical term for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing Pharmacopoeia (literally the art of the drug compounder in its modern technical sense is a book containing directions for the identification of samples and the preparation of compound In fact, it remained in use until the 16th century, though with some additional commentary and additions from Arabian and Indian sources. Ayurveda ( Devanāgarī: आयुर्वॆद the 'science of life' is a system of Traditional medicine native to India, and practiced in other
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Impact

The Canon of Medicine

Author: Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
Publication data: The Canon of Medicine, 1025
Description: This fourteen-volume medical encyclopedia was the first of its kind and remained the most popular medical textbook in both Europe and the Islamic world up until the 17th century and continued to be in use as late as the 19th century. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> ( Persian /ابو علی الحسین ابن عبدالله ابن سینا (born The Canon of Medicine ( Arabic: القانون في الطب Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb " The Law of Medicine " Persian Among other things, the book is known for the introduction of systematic experimentation and quantification in physiology,[1] the discovery of contagious diseases,[2] and the introduction of experimental medicine,[3] clinical trials,[4] randomized controlled trials,[5][6] efficacy tests,[7][8] and clinical pharmacology. In scientific inquiry an experiment ( Latin: Ex- periri, "to try out" is a method of investigating particular types of research questions or Quantification has two distinct meanings In Mathematics and Empirical science, it refers to human acts known as Counting and Measuring Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical An infectious disease is a clinically evident Disease resulting from the presence of Pathogenic microbial agents including Pathogenic viruses Pathogenic Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) in general simply known as medical research, is the Basic research or Applied research conducted In health care clinical trials are conducted to allow safety and Efficacy data to be collected for new drugs or devices A randomized controlled trial (RCT is a type of scientific Experiment most commonly used in testing the Efficacy or Effectiveness of Healthcare Efficacy is the capacity to produce a desired size of an effect under Ideal or Optimal conditions Clinical pharmacology is the science of drugs and their Clinical use [9] The work is considered one of the most famous books in the history of medicine. All human societies have medical beliefs that provide explanations for birth, Death, and Disease. [10]
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Impact

The Principles and Practice of Medicine: Designed for the Use of Practitioners and Students of Medicine

Author: William Osler
Publication data:
Online version:
Description: First published in 1892 while Osler was Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, this textbook was, in its time, translated into French, German, Russian, Portuguese, Spanish and Chinese. Sir William Osler 1st Baronet ( July 12, 1849 &ndash December 29, 1919 Age 70 was a Canadian Physician. The Principles and Practice of Medicine Designed for the Use of Practitioners and Students of Medicine is a medical textbook by Sir William Osler. It became the most significant medical textbook of the next 40 years.
Importance: Impact

Recent studies

Mortality in relation to smoking: 50 years' observation on male British doctors

Authors: R. Doll, R. Peto, J. Boreham, I. Sutherland
Publication data: BMJ 2004;328:1519–33.
Description: This is the British doctors study. The British doctors study is the generally accepted name of a Prospective Cohort study which has been running from 1951 to 2001 and in 1956 provided convincing statistical A prospective clinical trial which has been running from 1951 to 2001, and in 1956 provided convincing statistical evidence that tobacco smoking increases the risk of lung cancer. A longitudinal study is a Correlational research study that involves repeated observations of the same items over long periods of time - often many decades In health care clinical trials are conducted to allow safety and Efficacy data to be collected for new drugs or devices Tobacco Smoking is the inhalation of smoke from burned dried or cured leaves of the Tobacco plant most often in the form of a Cigarette. Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung.
Importance: Impact

Randomized trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study

Authors: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group.
Publication data: Lancet 1994;344:1383–1389
Description: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (also known under the abbreviation 4S) is a multicenter clinical trial that was performed in the 1990s in Scandinavia. The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (also known under the abbreviation 4S) is a multicenter Clinical trial that was performed in 1990s in Scandinavia In health care clinical trials are conducted to allow safety and Efficacy data to be collected for new drugs or devices Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well The objective of the study was to assess the effect of a cholesterol-lowering drug called simvastatin on mortality and morbidity in group of 4444 patients with coronary heart disease, aged between 35 and 70 years. Cholesterol is a Lipid found in the Cell membranes and transported in the Blood plasma of all Animals It is an essential component of mammalian Simvastatin ( INN) (ˈsɪmvəstætɨn (marketed under the trade names Zocor, Simvastatin Simlup Simcard and others is a hypolipidemic drug belonging Death is the termination of the biological functions that define living Organisms It refers both to a specific In Medicine, Epidemiology and Actuarial science, the term morbidity can refer to the state of poor health (from Latin Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding The patients presented with moderate hypercholesterolemia between 5. Hypercholesterolemia (literally high blood cholesterol is the presence of high levels of Cholesterol in the blood. 5 and 8. 0 mmol/L. The results of the trial showed that simvastatin had a lowering effect on mortality and morbidity of patients suffering from coronary heart disease.
Importance: Impact

Heart Protection Study

Authors: Medical Research Council
Online version: Research site
Description: The Heart Protection Study is a large randomized controlled trial by the Medical Research Council (MRC) in the United Kingdom. The Medical Research Council (MRC is a UK organisation dedicated to "promot the balanced development of medical and related biological research The Heart Protection Study was a large Randomized controlled trial run by the Clinical Trial Service Unit, and fundedby the Medical Research Council A randomized controlled trial (RCT is a type of scientific Experiment most commonly used in testing the Efficacy or Effectiveness of Healthcare The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located It studies the use of statin (simvastatin 40 mg) medication and vitamin supplementation (vitamin E, vitamin C and beta carotene) in patients that are at risk for cardiovascular disease. The statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors) form a class of hypolipidemic drugs used to lower Cholesterol levels in people with or at risk of Cardiovascular Simvastatin ( INN) (ˈsɪmvəstætɨn (marketed under the trade names Zocor, Simvastatin Simlup Simcard and others is a hypolipidemic drug belonging Medication, also referred to as medicine, can be loosely defined as any substance intended for use in the diagnosis cure mitigation treatment or prevention of disease A vitamin is an Organic compound required as a Nutrient in tiny amounts by an Organism. See also Tocopherol, Tocotrienol Vitamin E is the collective name for a set of 8 related Tocopherols and Tocotrienols which are fat-soluble Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian The term carotene is used for several related substances having the formula C40H56 Cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular diseases refers to the class of diseases that involve the Heart or Blood vessels ( arteries and
Importance: Impact

Publications in Medicine by field

Cardiology

Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction

Authors: Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, Klein H, Wilber DJ, Cannom DS, Daubert JP, Higgins SL, Brown MW, Andrews ML; Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II Investigators. Cardiology (from Greek grc καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and grc -λογία -logia) is the branch of Internal medicine
Publication data: N Engl J Med. The New England Journal of Medicine ( N Engl J Med or NEJM) is an English-language Peer-reviewed Medical journal published 2002 Mar 21;346(12):877-83. Epub 2002 Mar 19. (MADIT 2)
Description: This study shows that anyone with coronary heart disease and decreased ejection fraction should receive an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Coronary disease (or coronary heart disease) refers to the failure of Coronary circulation to supply adequate circulation to Cardiac muscle and surrounding In cardiovascular physiology, ejection fraction ( Ef) is the fraction of Blood pumped out of a ventricle with each heart beat An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD) is a small battery -powered electrical impulse generator which is implanted in patients who are at risk of Sudden Applying the recommendation threatens to bankrupt the entire health care industry of the United States with its cost burden the government (a one-time cost of > $250 billion, with yearly expenditures of about 10% of that). Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Importance: Impact

Endocrinology

Pancreatic extracts in the treatment of diabetes mellitus

Author: Banting FG, Best CH, Collip JB, Campbell WR, Fletcher AA
Publication data: Canadian Medical Association Journal 1922;12:141-146. Endocrinology (from Greek grc ἔνδον endon, "within" grc κρῑνω krīnō, "to separate" and grc -λογία Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc
Online version: Online version
Description: Banting and Best proved the existence of the hypothetical pancreatic substance termed "insulin" by Sharpey-Schafer. Insulin is a Hormone with intensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems (eg vascular compliance Sir Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer ( June 2 1850, Hornsey, Middlesex &ndash March 29 1935, North Berwick,
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Impact

Diabetes mellitus: its differentiation into insulin-sensitive and insulin-insensitive types.

Author: Himsworth HP
Publication data: Lancet 1936;i:127-130. This article is about the journal For other uses of the term "lancet" see Lancet (disambiguation.
Online version:
Description: Himsworth noted that there are two main types of diabetes, the insulin-depleted (type 1) and the insulin-resistant form (type 2). Insulin resistance is a term and concept of his coinage. Insulin resistance is the condition in which normal amounts of Insulin are inadequate to produce a normal Insulin response from Fat, Muscle
Importance: Breakthrough, Impact

Other Fields

See also

References

  1. ^ Katharine Park (March 1990). Anesthesia, or anaesthesia (see spelling differences; from Greek grc αν- an-, "without" and grc αἲσθησις Bioethics is the philosophical study of the ethical controversies brought about by advances in Biology and Medicine. Clinical chemistry (also known as clinical biochemistry, chemical pathology or pure blood chemistry) is the area of Pathology that is generally Dermatology (from Greek grc δέρμα derma, "skin" and grc -λογία -logia) is a branch of Medicine dealing with Embryology (from Greek grc ἔμβρυον embryon, "unborn embryo" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the development Emergency Medicine is a speciality of Medicine that focuses on the Diagnosis and treatment of acute illnesses and injuries that require immediate medical attention Gastroenterology ( MeSH heading is the branch of Medicine whereby the Digestive system and its disorders are studied A general practitioner, or GP is a medical practitioner who provides Primary care and specializes in Family medicine. This page is about the surgical specialty For the goregrind band see General Surgery (band General surgery despite its name is Geriatrics is the branch of Medicine that focuses on health care of the elderly Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) refers to the surgical specialty dealing with health of the female reproductive system ( Uterus Hematology ( American English) or haematology ( British English) is the branch of biology (physiology Pathology, Clinical laboratory Hospital medicine in the United States is the discipline concerned with the general medical care of Hospitalized patients Hyperbaric medicine, also known as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT is the medical use of Oxygen at a higher than Atmospheric pressure. An infectious disease is a clinically evident Disease resulting from the presence of Pathogenic microbial agents including Pathogenic viruses Pathogenic Intensive Care Medicine or critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the provision of Life support or organ support systems in patients Internal medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases Interventional radiology (abbreviated IR or sometimes VIR for vascular and interventional radiology) is a subspecialty of Radiology in which Health informatics or medical informatics is the intersection of Information science, Computer science, and Health care. Nephrology (from Greek nephros, " Kidney " and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central, Peripheral nervous system and spinal column diseases amenable to surgical Nosology (from the Greek νόσος, nosos, "disease" + λόγος " Logos " is a branch of Medicine Nuclear medicine is a branch of Medicine and Medical imaging that uses the nuclear properties of matter in diagnosis and therapy Nutrition (also called nourishment or aliment) is the provision to cells and Organisms of the materials necessary (in the form of food to support Obstetrics (from the Latin obstare, "to stand by" is the surgical speciality dealing with the care of a woman and her offspring during Pregnancy Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies Tumors ( Cancer) and seeks to understand their development diagnosis treatment and prevention Ophthalmology is the branch of Medicine which deals with the diseases and surgery of the visual pathways including the Eye, Brain Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics (also spelled orthopaedics) is the branch of Surgery concerned with injuries to or conditions involving the Otolaryngology is the branch of Medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of Ear, Nose, Throat, and head and neck disorders Pain management (also called pain medicine is the medical discipline concerned with the relief of Pain. Palliative care (from Latin palliare to cloak is any form of medical care or treatment that concentrates on reducing the severity of Disease Symptoms Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics) is the branch of Medicine that deals with the medical care of Infants Children and Adolescents Plastic surgery is a medical specialty interested in the correction of form and function Psychiatry is a medical specialty which exists to study, prevent, and treat Mental disorders in Humans Psychiatric Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society organisations In Medicine, pulmonology (aka pneumology) is the specialty that deals with Diseases of the Lungs and the Respiratory tract. Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of Ionizing radiation as part of Cancer treatment to control Malignant Radiology is the medical specialty directing Medical imaging technologies to diagnose and treat diseases Rheumatology is a sub-specialty in Internal medicine and Pediatrics, devoted to the Diagnosis and therapy of Rheumatic diseases. Transfusion medicine (or transfusiology) is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the transfusion of blood and Blood components The Blood Urology is the branch of Surgery that focuses on the Urinary tracts of males and females and on the reproductive system of males Vascular surgery is a specialty of surgery in which diseases of the vascular system or arteries and Veins are managed by medical therapy minimally-invasive catheter Medicine is an evolving field as new knowledge is acquired through discoveries in the Laboratory and through Clinical trials. Anatomy Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon This is a list of important publications in different fields of Science. "Avicenna in Renaissance Italy: The Canon and Medical Teaching in Italian Universities after 1500 by Nancy G. Siraisi", The Journal of Modern History 62 (1), p. 169-170.

    "Students of the history of medicine know him for his attempts to introduce systematic experimentation and quantification into the study of physiology".

  2. ^ George Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science. George Alfred Leon Sarton (1884-1956 was a Belgian -American Polymath, historian of science, and father of the writer May Sarton.
    (cf. Dr. cf is an abbreviation for the Latin -derived (but also modern English) word confer, meaning "compare" or "consult" A. Zahoor and Dr. Z. Haq (1997). Quotations From Famous Historians of Science, Cyberistan. )
  3. ^ Huff, Toby (2003), The Rise of Early Modern Science: Islam, China, and the West, Cambridge University Press, p. Cambridge University Press (known colloquially as CUP is a Publisher given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII in 1534 218, ISBN 0521529948 
  4. ^ David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", Heart Views 4 (2).
  5. ^ Jonathan D. Eldredge (2003), "The Randomised Controlled Trial design: unrecognized opportunities for health sciences librarianship", Health Information and Libraries Journal 20, p. 34–44 [36].
  6. ^ Bernard S. Bloom, Aurelia Retbi, Sandrine Dahan, Egon Jonsson (2000), "Evaluation Of Randomized Controlled Trials On Complementary And Alternative Medicine", International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 16 (1), p. 13–21 [19].
  7. ^ D. Craig Brater and Walter J. Daly (2000), "Clinical pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Principles that presage the 21st century", Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 67 (5), p. 447-450 [449].
  8. ^ Walter J. Daly and D. Craig Brater (2000), "Medieval contributions to the search for truth in clinical medicine", Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 43 (4), p. 530–540 [536], Johns Hopkins University Press. The Johns Hopkins University Press is a Publishing house and division of Johns Hopkins University that engages in publishing journals and books
  9. ^ D. Craig Brater and Walter J. Daly (2000), "Clinical pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Principles that presage the 21st century", Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics 67 (5), p. 447-450 [448].
  10. ^ “The Canon of Medicine” (work by Avicenna). Encyclopædia Britannica (2008). The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Retrieved on 2008-06-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic