This is a list of film-related topics.

National cinemas | glossary | Lists. . . | genres/plots | personnel | details | success | recognition | links | geography | other | see also

National and regional cinemas

Category:Cinema by country

• African Cinema
• Cinema of Albania
• Cinema of Argentina
• Cinema of Australia
• Cinema of Brazil
• Cinema of Belgium
• Cinema of Canada
  • Cinema of Quebec
• Cinema of Chile
• Cinema of China

See also: Cinema of Hong Kong and Cinema of Taiwan

• Cinema of Colombia
• Cinema of Cuba
• Cinema of the Czech Republic
• Cinema of Czechoslovakia
• Cinema of Finland
• Cinema of France
• Cinema of Germany
  • Cinema of East Germany
  • Cinema of West Germany
• Cinema of Hong Kong
• Cinema of Hungary
• Cinema of Israel
• Cinema of India
  • Bollywood
  • Kannada cinema
  • Kollywood
  • Malayalam cinema
  • Tollywood
  • Bengali cinema
• Cinema of Indonesia
• Cinema of Iran
• Cinema of Italy
• Cinema of Japan
• Cinema of Korea
• Cinema of Luxembourg
• Cinema of Mexico
• Cinema of Nepal
• Cinema of the Netherlands
• Cinema of New Zealand
• Cinema of Pakistan
  • Pollywood
  • Lollywood
• Cinema of Poland
• Cinema of Portugal
• Cinema of Russia and Soviet Union
• Cinema of Slovakia
• Cinema of Singapore
• Cinema of South Africa
• Cinema of Spain
• Cinema of Sweden
• Cinema of Taiwan
• Cinema of Thailand
• Cinema of Turkey
• Cinema of Yugoslavia
• Cinema of the United Kingdom
• Cinema of the United States
  • Hollywood

See Also:Pornography in the United States

Motion picture-related topics (alphabetical list)

This page aims to list all topics related to the field of motion pictures. The term African cinema usually refers to the film production in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa following formal independence which for many countries happened in the 1960s The Cinema of Albania had its start in the years 1911-1912 Early years The first public showings began in the cities of Shkodër and The Cinema of Argentina has a long tradition dating back to the late nineteenth century and has played an important role in the Culture of Argentina for more than The cinema of Australia has a long history and has produced many internationally-recognised films actors and filmmakers Brazilian cinema has more recently sparked attention overseas thanks to the success of films like Central Station ( Central do Brasil) and The Cinema of Belgium can often be considered a blending of Dutch Cinema and French Cinema though with its own unique national qualities This article primarily discusses cinema in English Canada For information on French Canadian cinema see also Cinema of Quebec. The history of cinema in Quebec started on June 27, 1896 when the French Louis Minier inaugurated the first movie projection in North The Chinese-language cinema has three distinct historical threads Cinema of Hong Kong, Cinema of China, and Cinema of Taiwan. The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema, alongside the Cinema of China The history of Chinese-language cinema has three separate threads of development Cinema of Hong Kong, Cinema of China and Cinema of Taiwan. The Cinema of Colombia (Cine de Colombia or Colombian Cinema (Cine colombiano refers to the historic evolution of Cinematography in Colombia. Although cinema arrived at Cuba at the beginning of the 20th century and the island arrived early to the television phenomena and cinematographic production only around 80 full-length The Czech Republic (both as an independent country and as a part of former Czechoslovakia) was a seedbed for many acclaimed Film directors Three Czech/Czechoslovak The Czech Republic (both as an independent country and as a part of former Czechoslovakia) was a seedbed for many acclaimed Film directors Three Czech/Czechoslovak The Finnish cinema has a long history with first public screenings starting almost as early as modern motion picture technology was invented (the first screening in the world was in 1895 The cinema of France comprises the art of Film making within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad Cinema in Germany can be traced back to the very beginnings of the medium at the end of the 19th century The cinema of Hong Kong is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema, alongside the Cinema of China Hungary has had a notable cinema industry for some time Major actresses include Vilma Bánky and the famous Gabor sisters from Budapest: Eva Gabor The cinema of Israel ( Hebrew: קולנוע ישראלי Kolnoa Yisraeli, Lit The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India The Cinema of Karnataka, sometimes colloquially referred to as Sandalwood encompasses movies made in the Indian state of Karnataka. Tamil cinema or Kollywood ( Tamil: கோலிவுட் kōlivūṭ) is the English name of the popular Tamil Film Industry based in the Malayalam cinema refers to Films made in the Indian state of Kerala in the Malayalam language. The history of cinema in Bengal dates back to the 1890s when the first " Bioscopes quot were shown in theatres in Calcutta. The cinema of Indonesia has a long history but at present is a small struggling industry The cinema of Iran (or Persian cinema) is a flourishing film industry with a long history The history of Italian cinema began just a few months after the Lumière brothers had discovered the medium when Pope Leo XIII was filmed The cinema of Japan (日本映画 Korean cinema encompasses the motion picture industries of North Korea and South Korea. The Luxembourg film industry is quite small but this is unsurprising given that the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg has a population of only about 400000 people The history of Mexican cinema goes back to the beginning of the 20th century when several enthusiasts of the new medium documented historical events &ndash most The himalayan country of Nepal does not have a very long Film history but the industry has its own place in the cultural heritage of Nepal The Dutch film industry has long been renowned for its Documentaries. New Zealand cinema can refer to films made by New Zealand -based production companies in New Zealand The cinema of Pakistan refers to Pakistan 's film industry Most of the feature films shot in Pakistan are in Urdu language but may also include films in Punjabi Pollywood ( Urdu: پالېوډ) is the popular acronym for the film industry based in the city of Peshawar, the provincial capital of the North-West The cinema of Pakistan refers to Pakistan 's film industry Most of the feature films shot in Pakistan are in Urdu language but may also include films in Punjabi Directors Most notable actors and actresses Notable Films See also List of Polish films See also Portuguese cinema has a long tradition reaching back to the birth of the medium in the late 19th century The cinema of the Soviet Union, not to be confused with " Russian Cinema " despite Russian language films being predominant in both genres includes The Cinema of Slovakia encompasses a range of themes and styles typical of European cinema Despite having a flourishing Chinese and Malay film industry in the 1950s and 1960s Singapore 's film industry declined after independence in 1965 Cinema of South Africa refers to the films and Film industry of the nation of South Africa. The art of motion-picture making within the nation of Spain or by Spanish filmmakers Swedish cinema is one of the most widely-known national cinemas in the world and during the 20th century was the most prominent of Scandinavia. The history of Chinese-language cinema has three separate threads of development Cinema of Hong Kong, Cinema of China and Cinema of Taiwan. The cinema of Thailand has a history that stretches back to early days of filmmaking, when King Chulalongkorn 's 1897 visit to Berne, Turkish cinema is an important part of Turkish culture, and has flourished over the years delivering entertainment to audiences in Turkey, expatriates across Cinema of Yugoslavia was the cinema of Yugoslavia. SFR Yugoslavia The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had an internationally acclaimed The United Kingdom has been influential in the technological, commercial and artistic development of cinema. United States cinema has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century Pornography in the United States is a legal term at the federal level except the generic terms " Hardcore pornography " and " child pornography For articles about individuals or specific films, see the appropriate lists at the bottom of this page.

# A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

#

1.85:1 ratio -- 2.35:1 ratio -- 3-D film -- 3D LUT -- 3ds Max -- 4-point lighting setup -- 16 mm film -- 35 mm film -- 70mm -- 180 degree rule --

A

Aa - Am

A and B editing -- A roll -- Aberration in optical settings -- Above-the-line -- Academy Awards -- Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences -- Accelerated montage -- Achromatic doublet -- Acousmatic -- Acting -- Actinic light -- Action axis -- Actor -- Actress -- Actuality film -- Adobe After Effects -- Adobe Premiere Elements -- Adobe Premiere Pro-- Aerial image -- Aerial shot -- Aliasing -- Alliance Atlantis -- Alternate-frame sequencing -- Ambient light -- American Cinema Editors -- American Federation of Television and Radio Artists -- American Film Institute -- American Indian Film Festival -- American National Standards Institute -- American night -- American Society of Cinematographers -- American shot --

An - Az

Anamorphic -- Angle of view -- Angle plus angle -- Angular resolution -- Animation -- Animation camera -- Animation director -- Animator -- Anime -- Answer print -- Anti-aliasing filter -- Apparatus theory -- Aperture -- A-Plot -- Arc lamp -- Arri -- Arri bayonet -- Arri PL -- Arri standard -- Arriflex D-20 -- Art department -- Art director -- Art film -- Art house film -- Artificial light -- ASA -- ASA speed rating -- Aspect ratio (image) -- Assistant director -- Audio engineering -- Audition -- Auteur theory -- Autoconform -- Autodesk -- Autoethnography -- Autofocus -- Automatic dialogue replacement -- Available light -- Avar -- Avid Technology-- Axial cut-- Axis of action --

B

B roll -- Back light -- Backlot -- Background light -- Background lighting -- Bailin bracket -- Balloon light -- Barrel distortion -- Barn doors -- Bayer filter -- Below-the-line -- Best boy -- Beta movement -- Bigature -- Billing -- Bird's eye shot -- Black-and-white -- Blaxploitation -- Bleach bypass -- Blocking -- Bluescreen -- B-movie -- Body double -- Body makeup artist -- Bolex -- Bollywood -- Boom operator -- Boom shot -- Boomerang (lighting) -- Bounce board -- Breaking down the script -- Breathing (lens) -- Brightness (lighting) -- British Academy of Film and Television Arts -- British Board of Film Classification -- British Independent Film Awards -- British Film Institute -- Broadside (lighting) -- Bronson Canyon -- Burnt-in timecode -- Butterfly (lighting)

C

Ca - Cm

C-Stand -- Cahiers du cinéma -- Callier effect -- Cameo lighting -- Cameo role -- Cameo shot -- Camera angle -- Camera assistant -- Camera boom -- Camera crane -- Camera crew -- Camera Dolly -- Camera magazine -- Camera operator -- Camera shot -- Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood -- Candles per square foot -- Cannes Film Festival -- Casting Agent -- Casting -- Casting couch -- Catering -- Celluloid Closet -- Celluloid ceiling -- César Award -- Changing bag -- Character animation -- Character shields -- Charisma -- Chiaroscuro -- Choker shot -- Chroma key -- Chromatic aberration -- Chronophotography -- Cinelerra-- Cinema 16 -- Cinemaphile -- CineMagic -- Cinemascope -- Cinematheque -- Cinematic techniques -- Cinematographer -- Cinematography -- Cinéma vérité -- Cineon -- CinePaint -- Cinerama -- Circle of confusion -- Circle-Vision 360 -- Clapperboard -- Clapper loader -- Close shot -- Close-up -- Closed captioning -- Closing credits --

Cn - Cz

Cold open -- Color conversion filter -- Color corrected fluorescent light -- Color correction -- Color gel -- Color grading -- Color rendering index -- Color timer -- Colour-separation overlay -- Columbia Pictures -- Compositing -- Composition -- Computer-generated imagery -- Continuity -- Continuity editing -- Continuity clerk -- Cooke triplet lens -- Costume design -- Costume designer -- Costume drama -- Costume supervisor -- Costumer -- Crafts service -- Crane shot -- Crashbox -- Creative Artists Agency -- Creative geography -- Cross cutting -- Cross lighting -- Cross-dressing in film and television -- Cue (theatrical) -- Cult film -- Cutaway-- Cut in-- Cutting on action

D

Daily editor log -- Daily rushes -- Dance film -- Day for night -- Deadspot (lighting) -- Deep focus -- Depth of field -- Depth-of-field adapter -- Development -- Development hell -- Dialogue editor -- Dichroic lenses -- Diegetic sound -- Diffraction -- Diffuser (lighting) -- Digital audio -- Digital audio tape recorder -- Digital audio workstation -- Digital cinema -- Digital Cinema Initiatives -- Digital cinematography -- Digital compositing -- Digital film -- Digital grading -- Digital image processing -- Digital intermediate -- Digital negative -- Digital projection -- Digital Theatre System -- Digital video -- Digital Visual Interface -- Digital zoom -- Dimmer (lighting) -- Direct broadcast satellite-- Direct to Disk Recording -- Director (film) -- Directorial beat -- Director's cut -- Directors Guild of America -- Dissolve (film) -- DLP -- DMX (lighting) -- Docudrama -- Documentary film -- Dolby Digital -- Dolly grip -- Dolly shot -- Dolly zoom -- Double-system recording -- Douser (lighting) -- DPX file format -- Drawn on film animation -- Dream sequence -- DreamWorks -- DreamWorks Animation -- Drug movies -- Dubbing -- Dutch camera angle -- DV -- DVD -- Dynamic composition -- Dykstraflex --

E

Eclair camera -- Edge code -- Edit decision list -- Editor's cut -- Effects light -- Electrotachyscope -- Ellipsoidal -- Ellipsoidal reflector spot light -- End credits -- Entertainment law -- Eroticism in film -- Establishing shot -- Evangelion shot -- Executive producer (motion picture) -- Experimental filmmaker -- Exposure latitude -- Expressionism (film) -- Extra -- Extreme close-up shot -- Extreme long shot -- Eye-level camera angle -- Eyepiece --

F

Fade-in -- Fade-out -- Fan film -- Fast cutting -- Fast motion -- Feminist film theory -- Field of view -- Fill light -- Film -- Film Academy -- Film colorization -- Film crew -- Film critics -- Film criticism -- Film director -- Film distributor -- Film editing -- Film editor -- Film festival -- Film format -- Film gate -- Film genre -- Film institutes -- Film leader -- Filmmaking -- Film modification -- Film noir -- Film-out -- Film plane -- Film preservation -- Film production -- Film producer -- Film punctuation -- Film rating systems -- Film recorder -- Film restoration -- Film scanner -- Film school -- Film score -- Film speed -- Film stock -- Film styles -- Film technique -- Film theory -- Film timing -- Film treatment -- Filming production roles -- Filmizing -- Filter (photography) -- Final cut privilege -- Final Cut Pro -- Fine cut -- First National -- Fisheye lens -- Flange focal distance -- Flashing arrow -- Flatbed editor -- Flicker fusion threshold -- F-number -- Focal length -- Focus (optics) -- Focus puller -- Focusing screen -- Foley artist -- Follow focus -- Follow shot -- Followspot light -- Forced perspective -- Foreshadowing -- Formalist film theory -- Found footage -- Fourth wall -- Frame -- Frame composition -- Frame rate -- Frazier lens -- Freeze frame shot -- French hours -- French Impressionist Cinema -- Fresnel lantern -- Fresnel lens -- F-stop -- Full frame -- Full shot

G

Gaffer -- Gaffer tape -- Garbage matte -- Genesis -- Genie Award -- Genres -- German Expressionism -- Gobo (lighting) -- Go motion -- Godspot effect -- Golden Globe Awards -- Greenlight -- Greensman -- Grip --

H

Hand-held camera -- Hard light -- Head-on shot -- Heterodiegetic -- High-angle shot -- High camera angle -- High Definition -- High-intensity discharge lamp -- High-key lighting -- High speed camera -- History of cinema -- Hollywood -- Hollywood accounting -- Hollywood cycles -- Hollywood North -- Hollywood Reporter -- Home video -- Horror film -- Hydrargyrum Medium-Arc Iodide lamp -- Hyperfocal distance --

I

IATSE -- Image processing -- IMAX -- iMovie -- In-camera effects -- Independent film -- Industrial Light and Magic -- Insert -- Intellectual montage -- Intelligent lighting -- Interlace -- Intermittent mechanism -- Internet Movie Database -- Interruptible foldback -- Intertitle -- Iris-in/ Iris-out -- Iso-elastic -- Italian neorealism --

J

Jaggies -- Jib -- Jump cut -- Juxtaposition (editing) --

K

Key costumer -- Key grip -- Key light -- Keying (graphics) -- Keykode -- Kinemacolor -- Kinetoscope -- Kino-Pravda -- Kinopanorama -- Klieg light -- Kodak Theatre -- Kuleshov Effect --

L

L cut (split edit) -- LCD shutter glasses -- Lead space -- Lekolite -- Lens -- Lens flare -- Lens hood -- Letterbox -- Light meter -- Light reflector -- Lighting technician -- Lighting -- Lighting control console -- Lighting design -- LightWave -- Lightworks -- Limato, Ed -- Line producer -- Linear filter -- Linear timecode -- Linear video editing -- Lip flap -- Lipstick camera -- Live soundtrack -- Location -- Location manager -- Location scouting -- Location shooting -- Log line -- Long shot -- Long take -- Low-angle shot -- Low-key lighting -- Lucasfilm -- Lucasfilm Animation -- Lumapanel -- Luminaire

M

Machinima -- Magic lantern -- Make-up artist -- Make-up call -- Marxist film theory -- Master shot -- Match cut -- Match moving -- Matte -- Maya -- Medieval film -- Medium shot -- Medium-long shot -- Method acting -- Method filmmaking -- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- Microphone -- Microphone boom -- Mid shot -- MIDI timecode -- Mini35 -- Mise en scene -- Mixing console -- Mockumentary -- Montage -- Mood lighting -- Motion blur -- Motion capture -- Motion picture -- Motion Picture Association of America -- Motion picture camera -- Motion picture continuity -- Motion picture distribution -- Motion picture editing -- Motion picture lighting -- Motion picture rating system -- Motion picture terminology -- Movie projector -- Movie star -- Movie studio -- Movie theater -- Movies Filmed in Harlem -- Movietone sound system -- Moving light -- Moviola -- MPAA film rating system -- Multicamera setup -- Multiplane camera -- Music editor -- Music supervisor -- Musical film

N

Narrative film -- Narrativity -- National Association of Theatre Owners -- National Film Board of Canada -- National Film Preservation Board -- National Film Registry -- National Media Museum -- Negative cutting -- Negative pickup deal -- Neo-noir -- Neorealism -- New Queer Cinema -- Newsreel -- Nickelodeon movie theater -- Night for day -- Night for night -- Nitrocellulose -- Noise reduction -- Non-diegetic insert -- Non-linear editing -- Normal lens --

O

Oblique camera angle -- Offline editing -- On Location -- One-light -- Online editing -- OpenEXR -- Open content film -- Opening credits -- Optical composition -- Optical effects -- Optical printer -- Optical zoom -- Original camera negative -- Outtake -- Overlap --

P

Pan and scan -- Pan shot -- Panavision -- Panchromatic -- PAR light -- Paramount Pictures -- Performance capture -- Persistence of vision -- Perspective distortion -- Phi phenomenon -- Photographic film -- Photographic lens -- Photometry -- Pinnacle Liquid Edition -- Pinnacle Studio -- Pincushion distortion -- Pinscreen animation -- Pitch -- Pixar -- Pixilation -- Plot development (motion picture) -- Point of view shot -- Political Cinema -- Pool hall lighting -- Pop filter -- Pornographic movie -- Post-production -- PowerAnimator -- Practical effects -- Practical lighting -- Praxinoscope -- Premium Picture Productions -- Pre-production -- Principal photography -- Producer -- Producers Guild of America -- Production assistant -- Production Code -- Production company -- Production design (motion picture) -- Production designer -- Production sets -- Production sound mixer -- Production values -- Progressive scan -- Proof of concept -- Propaganda film -- Prop -- Property master -- Psychoanalytical film theory -- Publicist -- PV mount --

R

Rack focus -- Raster image -- Reaction shot -- Read-through -- Re-can -- Recording mixer -- Redress -- Reflected light -- Refractive index -- Reframing -- Remake -- Rembrandt lighting -- Rendering -- Re-recording mixer -- Retrofocus -- Reversal film -- Reverse-angle shot -- RGB color model -- Rig -- Rostrum camera -- Rotary disc shutter -- Rotoscoping -- Rough cut -- Rule of thirds -- Runaway production -- Rushes -- Rushes log

S

Sa - Sm

Scene axis -- Scene lighting -- Scoop lights -- Screen Actors Guild -- Screen direction -- Screen test -- Screenplay -- Screenplay slug line -- Screenwriter -- Screenwriting -- Screenwriting software -- Screenwriting credit -- Screwball comedy film -- Scrim (lighting) -- Script -- Script breakdown -- Script doctor -- Script Supervisor -- Second unit -- Secondary animation -- Sellmeier equation -- Sequence (filming) -- Sequence shot -- Serial -- Set construction -- Set costumer -- Set decorator -- Set dresser -- Shake (software) -- Shallow focus -- Shaw Brothers Studio -- Shelved -- Shooting ratio -- Shooting script -- Short end -- Short film -- Shot (filming) -- Shot reverse shot -- Shutter angle -- Shutter speed -- Silent film -- Simultaneous release -- Single camera setup -- Skywalker Sound -- Slit-scan -- Slow cutting -- Slow motion -- SMPTE -- SMPTE color bars -- SMPTE time code --

Sn - Sz

Snoot (lighting) -- Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers -- Soft light -- Sony Pictures -- Sony Vegas -- Sound designer -- Sound dissolve -- Sound editor -- Sound effects -- Sound effects editor -- Sound engineer -- Sound mix -- Sound recording -- Sound stage -- Soundtrack -- Soviet movies of the year by ticket sales -- Star Wars-- Special effects -- Specular light -- Split screen -- Spotlight (lighting) -- Spydercam -- Stage combat -- Stage lighting -- Stage lighting instrument -- Stand-in -- Standoff -- Step outline -- Stereoscopy -- Stock footage -- Stop motion -- Stop trick -- Striplight -- Strobing effect-- Structuralist film theory -- Stunt work -- Stuntmen's Association of Motion Pictures -- Subjective camera angle - Subtitle -- Sundance Institute -- Sungun lamp -- Superimpose -- Surround sound -- Suspension of disbelief -- Swing gang -- Sync-coding -- Synchronizer -- Sync sound --

T

Talkies -- Talking head -- Tally light -- Technical achievement -- Technicolor -- Technirama -- Techniscope -- Telecine -- Teleconverter -- Telerecording -- Television movie -- Tessar formula -- Test screening -- Three-point lighting -- Tight shot -- Tilt -- Time-lapse -- Title sequence -- Top grossing movie -- Top-grossing movies in the United States -- Toronto International Film Festival -- Tracking shot -- Trailer -- Transgender in film and television -- Transition focus -- Transitional effect -- Treatment -- Trilogy -- Trucking shot -- Tungsten fresnel light -- Tungsten open face light -- Two-shot --

U

Undercranking -- Universal Studios -- Utilitarian lighting -- Utility sound technician --

V

Varicam -- Variety -- Venice Film Festival -- Vertical interval timecode -- Video -- Video assist -- Video tap -- Viewfinder -- Vignetting -- Vinegar syndrome -- Virtual camera -- VistaVision -- Visual effects -- Vitascope -- Voice actor -- Voice director

W

Walla -- Walt Disney Company -- Wardrobe attendant -- Wardrobe design -- Wardrobe designer -- Warner Brothers -- WGA screenwriting credit system -- Wide-angle lens -- Widelux -- Widescreen -- Wipe -- Wire frame model -- Wire removal -- Wireless microphone -- Women's Cinema -- Workprint -- Writers Guild of America --

X

Xenon arc lamp -- Xenon flash lamp -- X-rated --

Z

Zeiss formula -- Zeiss Tessar lens -- Zen filmmaking -- Zoetrope -- Zoom lens -- Zoopraxiscope --

Lists

• List of films by title: #, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J-K, L, M, N-O, P, Q-R, S, T, U-V-W, & X-Y-Z

Film genres and plots

• List of films featuring extraterrestrials
• List of character-based movie franchises
• List of cinematic genres
• List of comedy-drama films
• List of drama films
• List of disaster films
• List of fantasy films
• List of films noir
• List of gay-related movies
• List of horror films
• List of Mafia movies
• List of punk movies
• List of racism-related movies
• List of science fiction films
• List of war films

Cast and crew

• List of actors
• List of directors
• List of show business families
• List of soundtrack composers

Companies

• List of Hollywood agencies and management companies
• List of Hollywood movie studios
• List of Motion Picture Production Companies
• List of Motion Picture Production Studios
• List of Motion Picture Distributors

Film details

• List of computer-animated films
• List of longest films by running time
• List of film formats

Film success

• Films considered the greatest ever
• Films considered the worst ever
• List of highest-grossing films
• List of movies that were financial failures
• List of movies that have won eight or more Academy Awards

Awards and festivals

• List of movie awards
• List of film festivals
• List of Academy Awards ceremonies
• List of Golden Globe Awards ceremonies

Film links

• List of airlines appearing in movies
• List of fiction works made into feature films
• List of film trilogies
• List of movies made into TV shows
• List of non-fiction works made into feature films

Geography

• List of Albanian films
• List of British films
• List of movies set in Hong Kong
• List of movies set in Los Angeles
• List of movies set in New York City
• List of movies set in Puerto Rico

Other

• List of Alfred Hitchcock cameo appearances
• List of films preserved in the United States National Film Registry
• List of 'years in film'
• List of Stephen King films
• Lists of movie source material
• List of films using the Wilhelm scream

See also

• List of basic film topics
• Film stubs
• Filming stubs
• Films by source
• Glossary:Japanese film credit terms
• List of video-related topics

The aspect ratio of an Image is its width divided by its height The aspect ratio of an Image is its width divided by its height See also [[stereoscopy]] In film the term 3-D (or 3D) is used to describe any visual presentation system that attempts to maintain or recreate moving images In the film industry 3D LUT s ( Lookup tables are used to calculate preview colors for a monitor or digital projector of how an image will be reproduced on the final film 3ds Max (formerly 3D Studio MAX) is a modeling animation and rendering package developed by Autodesk Media and Entertainment. Three-point lighting is a standard method used in visual media such as Video, Film, Still photography and Computer-generated imagery. 35 mm film is the basic Film gauge most commonly used for both still Photography and Motion pictures, and remains relatively unchanged since its 70 mm film (or 65 mm film) is a wide high-resolution film gauge of superior quality to standard 35 mm motion picture film format. The 180° rule is a basic Film editing guideline that states that two characters (or other elements in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to In Film and Video, footage is the raw unedited material as it had been originally recorded by video Camera, which usually must be edited to "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS) is a professional honorary organization ostensibly dedicated to the advancement of the arts and sciences of Motion An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and Spherical aberration. Acousmatic sound is Sound one hears without seeing an originating cause Acting is the work of an Actor or Actress, which is a person in Theatre, Television, Film, or any other Storytelling Actinic light produce only light at a specific wavelength of 420 nm An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works The actuality film is a non-fiction Film genre that like the Documentary film uses footage of real events places and things yet unlike the documentary is not structured Adobe After Effects is a digital motion graphics and Compositing software published by Adobe Systems. Adobe Premiere Elements is a Video editing software application for non-linear video editing, published by Adobe Systems. Adobe Premiere Pro is a Real-time, timeline based Video editing software application An aerial image is a projected image which is "floating in air" and cannot be viewed normally Aerial shots are usually done with a crane or with a Camera attached to a special Helicopter to view large landscapes This article applies to signal processing including computer graphics Alliance Atlantis Communications Inc (formerly traded as TSX:AAC was a Toronto -based media company that operated primarily as a Specialty service Alternate-frame squencing (sometimes called Alternate Image, or AI is a method of showing 3-D film that is used in some venues Ambient light (also available light or existing light) is a term used by photographers, Cinematographers and other practitioners of the visual Founded in 1950, American Cinema Editors ( ACE) is an honorary society of Film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA is a performers' union that represents a wide variety of talent including actors in radio and television as well as radio The American Film Institute ( AFI) is an independent Non-profit organization created by the National Endowment for the Arts, which was established in 1967 The American Indian Film Festival is an annual Film festival in San Francisco. Day for night, also known as nuit américaine (" American night " is the name of a cinematographic technique to simulate a night The American Society of Cinematographers ( ASC) is an educational cultural and professional organization " American shot " is a translation of a phrase from French Film criticism, " plan américain " and refers to a medium-long ("knee" Anamorphic format is a term that can be used either for the Cinematography technique of capturing a Widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film, or other In Photography, angle of view describes the angular extent of a given scene that is imaged by a Camera. Angular resolution describes the resolving power of any image forming device such as an optical or Radio telescope, a Microscope, a Camera The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames An animation camera, a type of Rostrum camera, is a Movie camera specially adapted for frame-by-frame shooting Animation or Stop motion An animation director is the director in charge of all aspects of the animation process during the production of an animated film or animated segment for a live-action film An animator is an Artist who creates multiple images called frames and Key frames that form an illusion of movement called Animation when rapidly displayed (anime in Japanese, Answer print refers to the first version of a given Motion picture that is printed to film after color correction on an Interpositive. An anti-aliasing filter is a filter used before a signal sampler to restrict the bandwidth of a signal to approximately satisfy the sampling theorem. Apparatus theory, derived in part from Marxist film theory, Semiotics, and Psychoanalysis, was a dominant theory within cinema studies during A-Plot is a cinema and Television term referring to the plotline that drives the story The Arri Group has been the largest world wide supplier of high quality Motion picture film equipment since 1917 Arri bayonet is a Lens mount developed by Arri for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm Movie cameras Lenses are distinguished by "outer Arri PL is a Lens mount developed by Arri for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm Movie cameras The PL stands for "positive lock" Arri standard is a Lens mount developed by Arri for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm Movie cameras Lenses are distinguished by a tab The Arriflex D-20 is a film-style digital motion picture camera made by Arri first introduced in November 2005 Art department in movie terms means the section of a production 's Crew concerned with visual artistry The term art director is a blanket title for a variety of similar job functions in Advertising, Publishing, film and Television, the Internet An Art film (also called an “art cinema” “art movie” or in the U An Art film (also called an “art cinema” “art movie” or in the U Lighting includes both artificial Light sources such as lamps and natural illumination of interiors from Daylight. Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to Light. The aspect ratio of an Image is its width divided by its height An assistant director (AD is a person who helps the director in the making of a Movie or Television show Audio engineering is a part of audio science dealing with the recording and reproduction of Sound through mechanical and electronic means An audition is a sample performance by an Actor, Singer, Musician, Dancer or other performer Autoconform is the Video editing process where an Online editing system combines an Edit decision list created from an Offline editing system Autodesk Media and Entertainment, formerly Discreet, is based in Montreal Quebec as the Entertainment division of Autodesk. Autoethnography is related to Ethnography, which is a recognized qualitative research method where a researcher uses participant observation and interviews in order to gain Autofocus (or AF) is a feature of some Optical systems that allows them to obtain (and in some systems to also continuously maintain correct focus on a In filmmaking, dubbing or looping is the process of recording or replacing voices for a Motion picture. In Photography, available light refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking photos An avar or animation variable (or hinge is a variable controlling the position of part of an animated object, such as a character Avid Technology Inc ( is an American company specializing in video and audio production technology specifically digital non-linear editing (NLE An axial cut is a type of Jump cut, where the camera suddenly moves closer to or further away from its subject along an invisible line drawn straight between the camera and The 180° rule is a basic Film editing guideline that states that two characters (or other elements in the same scene should always have the same left/right relationship to B-roll or B roll is supplemental or alternate footage intercut with the main shot in an interview or documentary In the context of Lighting design, backlighting refers to the process of Illuminating the subject from the back A backlot is an area behind or adjoining a Movie studio with space to build or with permanent exterior sets for outdoor scenes in motion picture and/or The background light is used to illuminate the background area of a Set. The background light is used to illuminate the background area of a Set. The Bailin bracket is a piece of grip equipment used in Film production. Invented in 1994 by Pierre Chabert founder of Airstar a French company based in Grenoble (Isère a balloon light (aka lighting balloon) is a self-supporting spacelight suspended Barn doors, or colloquially a set of barn doors, are an attachment fitted to the front of a Fresnel lantern, a type of spotlight used in films television Explanation Bryce Bayer's patent called the green photosensors luminance-sensitive elements and the red and blue ones chrominance-sensitive elements. In a Film crew there are two kinds of best boy: best boy electric and best boy grip. Beta movement is a perceptual Illusion, described by Max Wertheimer in his 1912 Experimental Studies on the Seeing of Motion, Weta Workshop is a Physical effects company based in Miramar New Zealand, producing effects for Television and Film. In Film, a Bird's eye shot refers to a shot looking directly down on the subject Black-and-white is a number of Monochrome forms in Visual arts. Blaxploitation is a Film genre that emerged in the United States in the early 1970s when many Exploitation films were made that targeted the urban Bleach bypass, also known as skip bleach or silver retention, is an Optical effect which entails either the partial or complete skipping of the Bleaching Chroma Key is the name under which ex- Dream Theater Keyboardist Kevin Moore records A B movie is a motion picture made on a low or modest budget Originally the term was used for films intended for distribution as the less-publicized second half of a Double Body Double is a 1984 film directed by Brian De Palma. Starring Craig Wasson, Melanie Griffith, and Dennis Franz. Bolex is a Swiss company (Bolex International SA of Yverdon) that manufactures motion picture cameras and lenses the most notable products of which are Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India A boom operator is an assistant of the Production sound mixer. "A Boom shot, Jib shot, or Crane shot refer to high-angle shots sometimes with the camera moving A color magazine is a fixture attached to a Follow spot that places different color filters in the path of the beam A bounce board is a board that is used to reflect Light on a subject that is being Filmed It is a material that reflects the light from any source—a Light bulb The process of breaking down the script occurs after the producer reads through the Screenplay once Breathing refers to when a lens' optics change the apparent Focal length slightly when shifting the mechanical focus. The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA is a British charity that hosts annual awards shows for film television television craft video games and forms of animation The British Board of Film Classification ( BBFC) originally British Board of Film Censors, is the organisation responsible for Film, DVD The British Independent Film Awards were created in 1998 by Raindance founder Elliot Grove, to celebrate achievement in independently funded British movies The British Film Institute ( BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film television Bronson Canyon is a section of Griffith Park in Los Angeles, California that has become famous as a filming location for a very large number of movies Burnt-in timecode (often abbreviated to BITC by analogy to VITC) is a Human-readable on-screen version of the Timecode information for a piece In cinema butterfly is a methodology of lighting sets When controlling light grips use a variety of flags (black opaque material nets (one two or three layers In Film production, a C-stand is a piece of equipment used by the grip department to accomplish various rigging and Light modification tasks Cahiers du cinéma ( Notebooks on Cinema;) is an influential French Film Magazine founded in 1951 by André Bazin, Cameo lighting in film is a spotlight that accentuates a single person in a scene A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance of a known person in a work of the Performing arts, such as The camera angle marks the specific location at which a camera is placed to take a shot In Cinematography, a focus puller or first assistant camera (1st AC is the member of a Film crew responsible for keeping the Camera 's focus In Motion picture terminology, a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane For the comedic team see The Film Crew. A film crew is a group of people hired by a production company for the purpose of producing a A camera dolly is a specialized piece of Film equipment designed to create smooth camera movements A camera magazine is a light-tight chamber or pair of chambers designed to hold and move Motion picture Film stock before and after it has been exposed in the camera A camera operator is a person that operates a film or Video camera for the purpose of recording motion to Film, Video, or a Computer storage Motion pictures have been a part of the Culture of Canada since the beginning The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, A talent agent, or booking agent, is a person who finds jobs for Actors Musicians models, and other people in various Entertainment In the Performing arts, casting (or casting call) is a vital pre-production process for selecting a cast (a meaning of the word recorded since 1631 of Actors The casting couch is a euphemism for a Sociological phenomenon that involves the trading of sexual favors by an aspirant apprentice Employee, or Subordinate Catering is the Business of providing Foodservice at a remote site The Celluloid Closet ( 1995) is a Documentary film directed and written by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman. The term celluloid ceiling is a variant on Glass ceiling, and refers to women being statistically under-represented in creative positions in Hollywood. The César Award is the national film award of France, first given out in 1975. A changing bag is a bag specifically designed so that it does not allow light to enter while in usage Character animation is a specialized area of the Animation process concerning the animation of one or more characters featured in an animated work Character shields (also known as plot armor or plot shield) are Plot devices in Films and Television shows that prevent important The word charisma (origin from the Greek word χάρισμα (kharisma, "gift" or "divine favor" from kharizesthai, "to favor" Chiaroscuro ( Italian for light-dark) is a term in Art for a contrast between light and dark Chroma Key is the name under which ex- Dream Theater Keyboardist Kevin Moore records In Optics, chromatic aberration is caused by a lens having a different Refractive index for different Wavelengths of Light Chronophotography is a Victorian application of Science (the study of movement) and Art ( Photography) Cinelerra is a free and Open source software non-linear video editing system Cinema 16 was a New York city based Film society founded by Amos Vogel. A Cinemaphile or Cinephile is most respectably noted as a person who dedicates their life to the academic study of cinema CinemaScope was a Widescreen movie format used from 1953 to 1967 A cinémathèque (or cinematheque) is a French word used to refer to a film archive with small cinemas that screens particularly classic and art-house films See also Filmmaking Cinematic techniques are methods employed by film makers to communicate meaning entertain and to produce a particular emotional or See also Filmmaking Cinematography (from Greek: kinesis κινησις (movement and grapho γραφω (to record is the discipline Cinéma Vérité is the first Album by an Alternative rock group Dramarama, released in November 1985 Cineon was the first computer system designed by Kodak for Digital intermediate film production CinePaint is an Open source Computer program for painting and retouching Bitmap frames of movie Film. Cinerama is the trademarked name for a Widescreen process which works by simultaneously projecting images from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge deeply-curved In Optics, a circle of confusion is an optical spot caused by a cone of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus when imaging a point source Circle-Vision 360° is a film technique refined by The Walt Disney Company, that uses nine cameras for nine huge screens arranged in a circle In Motion picture and Videotape production a clapperboard is a device used to assist in the synchronizing of picture and sound additionally the clapperboard is used A clapper loader, second assistant camera (2nd AC or simply loader, is part of a Film crew, whose main functions are that of loading the raw Film In Film, Television, and Still photography a close-up tightly frames a person or an object Closed captioning is a term describing several systems developed to display text on a Television or Video screen to provide additional or interpretive Closing credits, inside a Motion picture or Television program come at the end of a movie or show and list all the cast and crew involved in the production A cold open (also referred to as a teaser) in a Television program or movie is the technique of jumping directly into a story at the beginning Color correction by using Color gels or filters is a process used in Stage lighting, Photography, Television, Cinematography See also Photographic filter A color gel or color filter ( UK colour gel or colour filter) or a lighting gel Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture or television image either electronically photo-chemically or digitally The CIE color rendering index ( CRI) (or colour rendering index in British-style spelling sometimes called color rendition index) is a quantitative Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture or television image either electronically photo-chemically or digitally Chroma Key is the name under which ex- Dream Theater Keyboardist Kevin Moore records }} Columbia Pictures Industries Inc is an American Film production and distribution company Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene In the Visual arts — in particular Painting, Graphic design, Photography and Sculpture — composition is the placement or arrangement Computer animation Computer-generated imagery (also known as CGI) is the application of the field of Computer graphics or more specifically 3D computer graphics In Fiction, continuity (also called time-scheme) is consistency of the characteristics of persons plot, objects places and events seen by the reader or Continuity editing is the predominant style of editing in Narrative cinema and television A script supervisor or continuity is a member of a Film crew responsible for maintaining the film's internal continuity and for marking the production The Cooke triplet is a Photographic lens design designed and Patented in 1893 by Dennis Taylor who was employed as chief engineer by Cooke of York Costume design is the Design of the appearance of the characters in a Theater or cinema performance Costume design is the Design of the appearance of the characters in a Theater or cinema performance A costume drama is a Period piece in which elaborate Costumes Sets and properties are featured in order to capture the ambience of a particular In Film, Television or Video production crafts service or crafty refers to the department that is available to service the other departments In Motion picture terminology, a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a crane Creative Artists Agency ( CAA) is an entertainment and sports agency which represents a vast array of actors musicians writers directors and athletes as well as a variety Creative geography or artificial landscape is a film making technique invented by the early Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov sometime around the 1920s Cross-cutting is an editing technique used in films to establish continuity Cross-dressing in motion pictures began in the early days of the silent films A theatrical cue is the trigger for an action to be carried out at a specific time A cult film is a Film that has acquired a highly devoted but relatively small group of fans. Cutting on action or matching on action refers to a Film editing technique where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's A daily editor log is maintained by the script supervisor during the production of a Motion picture, or Television show. Dailies, in Filmmaking, is the term used to describe the raw unedited Footage shot during the making of a Motion picture. Dance film is the cinematic interpretation of existing Dance works originally created for live performance or the creation of Choreography that can Day for night, also known as nuit américaine (" American night " is the name of a cinematographic technique to simulate a night Deep focus In Optics, particularly as it relates to Film and Photography, the depth of field (DOF is the portion of a scene that appears sharp in the image A depth-of-field adapter (often shortened to DOF adapter) is used to achieve shallow Depth of field on a Video camera whose sensor size is not Filmmaking is the process of making a Film, from an initial story idea or commission through scriptwriting shooting editing and finally distribution to an audience "Development hell" is media-industry Jargon for a Film, Television Screenplay, Computer program, Concept, or The dialogue editor assembles synchronises and edits all the Dialogue in a Film or television production Dichroic redirects here For the filter see Dichroic filter. For the glass see Dichroic glass. Diffraction is normally taken to refer to various phenomena which occur when a wave encounters an obstacle Digital audio uses Digital signals for Sound reproduction. This includes analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, storage A digital audio workstation (DAW is an electronic system designed to record, edit and play back digital audio Digital cinema refers to the use of Digital technology to distribute and project Motion pictures The final movie can be distributed via Digital Cinema Initiatives LLC or DCI is a joint venture of major motion picture studios formed to establish a standard architecture for Digital cinema Digital cinematography is the process of capturing Motion pictures as Digital images rather than on film. Digital compositing is the process of digitally assembling multiple images to make a final image typically for print motion pictures or screen display Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture or television image either electronically photo-chemically or digitally Digital image processing is the use of computer Algorithms to perform Image processing on Digital images As a subfield of Digital signal processing Digital intermediate (often abbreviated as DI) describes the process of digitizing a Motion picture and manipulating color and other image characteristics to change A raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of a Digital camera or Image scanner. A video projector takes a Video signal and projects the corresponding image on a Projection screen using a lens system DTS (also known as Digital Theater Systems) owned by DTS Inc ( is a multi-channel digital Surround sound format used for both commercial/theatrical Digital video is a type of Video recording system that works by using a Digital rather than an analog video signal The Digital Visual Interface ( DVI) is a Video interface standard designed to maximize the visual quality of digital Display devices such as Flat panel Digital zoom is a method of decreasing (narrowing the apparent Angle of view of a digital photographic or video image Direct broadcast satellite (DBS is a term used to refer to Satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception also referred to more broadly as direct-to-home Direct to disk recording refers to methods by which digital audio and video are recorded to portable storage media such as Hard drives and DVDs Direct to disk can A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. A directorial beat is an exchange of Behaviour between characters in a script. A director's cut is a specially edited version of a Film, and less often TV series, Music video, commercials or Video games Directors Guild of America ( DGA) is the labor union which represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States Digital Light Processing (DLP is a Trademark owned by Texas Instruments, representing a technology used in projectors and Video projectors It was DMX512-A is an EIA-485 based Communications protocol that is most commonly used to control Stage lighting and effects A Docudrama is a Dramatization of actual historical events Generalities Docudramas tend to demonstrate some or most of the following characteristics Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality Dolby Digital is the marketing name for a series of lossy audio compression technologies developed by Dolby In Cinematography, the dolly grip is the individual who operates the Camera dolly. In Motion picture terminology, a tracking shot (also known as a dolly shot or trucking shot) is a segment in which the camera is mounted on a wheeled platform The dolly zoom is an unsettling in-camera Special effect that appears to undermine normal Visual perception in Film. Double-system recording is a form of sound recording used in Motion picture production whereby the sound for a scene is recorded on a machine that is separate from Digital Picture Exchange ( DPX) is a common File format for Digital intermediate and Visual effects work and is an ANSI / Drawn on film animation (also known as "direct animation" or "animation without camera" is an Animation technique where footage is produced by creating A dream sequence is a technique used in Storytelling, particularly in Television and Film, to set apart a brief interlude from the main story DreamWorks LLC, also known as DreamWorks Pictures, DreamWorks SKG, or DreamWorks Studios, is a major American Film studio DreamWorks Animation SKG Inc ( is an independent American Animation studio which primarily produce a series of critically and commercially successful Drug films are films that depict drug usage either as a major theme or as a few memorable scenes In Sound recording, dubbing is the transfer or copying of previously recorded audio material from one medium to another of the same or a different type A Dutch tilt, Dutch angle, oblique angle, German angle, canted angle or Batman Angle is a cinematic tactic often used to portray Digital Video (DV is a Digital video format created by Sony JVC Panasonic and other video camera procuers and launched in 1995 and in its smaller tape Form factor DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is The Dykstraflex is a Motion picture Camera system named after its developer John Dykstra. Éclair was a Movie camera manufacturing company established in Épinay-sur-Seine, France by Charles Jourjon in 1907 (later SOREMEC-CEHESS Department “ECLAIR Introduced in 1990 Keykode is an Eastman Kodak Company advancement on edge numbers, which are letters numbers and symbols placed at regular intervals along the edge of An edit decision list or EDL is a way of representing a film or video edit. An Editor's Cut of a Motion picture is made by the Film editor on his/her own or working with the Film director. The electrotachyscope is an 1887 invention of Ottomar Anschütz of Germany which presents the Illusion of motion with transparent An ellipsoid is a type of quadric surface that is a higher dimensional analogue of an Ellipse. A Lekolite (often abbreviated to Leko) is a type of Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight (ERS used in Stage lighting. Closing credits, inside a Motion picture or Television program come at the end of a movie or show and list all the cast and crew involved in the production Entertainment law or media law is a term for a mix of more traditional categories of law with a focus on providing legal services to the Entertainment industry. Sex in film refers to the presentation in motion pictures of sex acts including love scenes. In Film and Television, an establishing shot sets up or "establishes" a scene's setting and/or its participants This article is on the variety of film For information on the They Might Be Giants song see " Experimental Film (song " Exposure latitude is the extent to which a light-sensitive material can be over or underexposed and still achieve an acceptable result German Expressionism is the term used to refer to a number of related creative movements which emerged in Germany before the first world war which reached a peak in Berlin An extra is a Performer in a Film, Television show, stage musical opera or ballet production who appears in a nonspeaking nonsinging or nondancing capacity A eye-level camera angle is a Camera angle with the camera at the level of human eyes For the device for looking through a camera see Viewfinder. An eyepiece, or ocular lens, is a type of lens that is attached In Audio engineering, a fade is a gradual increase or decrease in the level of an Audio signal. In Audio engineering, a fade is a gradual increase or decrease in the level of an Audio signal. A fan film is a Film or Video inspired by a Film, Television program, Comic book or a similar source created by fans Fast cutting is a film editing technique which refers to several consecutive shots of a brief duration (e Time-lapse photography is a Cinematography technique whereby each Film frame is captured at a rate much slower than it will be played back Feminist film theory is theoretical Film criticism derived from Feminist politics and Feminist theory. The field of view (also field of vision) is the angular extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment In television film stage or photographic lighting a fill light (often simply fill) may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene and provide some illumination for the areas Film colorization is any process that involves adding Color to Black and white, sepia or monochrome moving-picture images For the comedic team see The Film Crew. A film crew is a group of people hired by a production company for the purpose of producing a Film review redirects here for the similar sounding Film revue please visit Revue#Film revues. Film review redirects here for the similar sounding Film revue please visit Revue#Film revues. A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. A film distributor is an independent company a Subsidiary company or occasionally an individual which acts as the final agent between a film production company Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an A film festival is the presentation or showcasing of Films in one or more Movie theaters or screening venues A film format is a technical definition of a set of standard characteristics regarding image capture on Photographic film, for either stills or movies The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a Motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light In Film theory, genre refers to the primary method of film categorization based on similarities in the narrative elements from which films are constructed Some notable institutions celebrating Film, including both national film institutes and independent and non-profit organizations A film leader is a length of film attached to the head or tail of a film to assist in threading a Projector or Telecine. Filmmaking is the process of making a Film, from an initial story idea or commission through scriptwriting shooting editing and finally distribution to an audience The term film modification can be used in general for any form of modification of a film to suit the distributor or the audience's politics or age Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation Film-out is the process in the Computer graphics, Video and Filmmaking disciplines of transferring images or Animation from Videotape A film plane is the area inside any Camera where the individual frame of film or digital sensor is positioned during exposure The film preservation, or film restoration, movement is an ongoing project among film historians archivists Museums and Non-profit organizations to rescue Filmmaking is the process of making a Film, from an initial story idea or commission through scriptwriting shooting editing and finally distribution to an audience A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. A film transition is a technique by which scenes or shots are juxtaposed A motion picture rating system categorizes films with regard to suitability for audiences in terms of issues such as sex violence substance abuse profanity impudence or other types A Film Recorder is a Graphical output device for transferring Digital images to Photographic film. The film preservation, or film restoration, movement is an ongoing project among film historians archivists Museums and Non-profit organizations to rescue A film scanner is a device made for Scanning Photographic film directly into a computer without the use of any intermediate printmaking A film school is a generic term for any educational institution dedicated to teaching moviemaking, including but not limited to film production theory, and A film score is a broad term referring to the music in a film which is generally categorically separated from songs used within a film Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to Light. This focuses on Motion picture film For Still photography film see Photographic film. A film style is a recognizable group of conventions used by Filmmakers to give specific meaning or depth to their work See also Filmmaking Cinematic techniques are methods employed by film makers to communicate meaning entertain and to produce a particular emotional or Film theory debates the essence of the cinema and provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to Reality, the other Arts individual Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture or television image either electronically photo-chemically or digitally A film treatment (or treatment for short is a piece of prose typically the step between scene cards ( Index cards and the first draft of a Screenplay for Television crew positions are derived from those of Film crew, but with several differences Filmizing (aka Film look, Filmlook) is a generic and informal term referring to a process which makes Video productions appear as if they In Photography, a filter is a Camera accessory consisting of an optical filter that can be inserted in the optical path Final cut privilege is a film industry term usually used when a director has contractual authority over how a film is ultimately released for public viewing Final Cut Pro is a professional Non-linear editing software application developed by Apple Inc First National was an association of independent theater owners in the United States that expanded from exhibiting movies to distributing them and eventually to producing them as In Photography, a fisheye lens is a Wide-angle lens that takes in an extremely wide hemispherical image The flange focal distance (FFD (also known as the flange-to-film distance, flange focal depth, flange back distance (FBD or register, depending A flashing arrow is an audiovisual cue used in movies to bring some object or situation that will be referred later or otherwise used in the advancement of plot to the attention A flatbed editor is a type of machine used for the editing of a Motion picture film The flicker fusion threshold (or flicker fusion rate) is a concept in the Psychophysics of vision. The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly it converges (focuses or diverges (diffuses Light. In Geometrical optics, a focus, also called an image point, is the point where Light rays originating from a point on the object converge. In Cinematography, a focus puller or first assistant camera (1st AC is the member of a Film crew responsible for keeping the Camera 's focus A focusing screen is a flat translucent material usually Ground glass, found in a System camera that allows the user of the camera to preview the framed image The Foley artist on a Film crew is the person who creates many of the natural everyday Sound effects in a film which are recorded during a session with a Recording A follow focus is a piece of equipment that attaches to the focus ring of a manual lens via a set of rods on the body of a Film or video Camera. Follow shot is a specific camera shot in which the subject being filmed is seemingly pursued by the camera A followspot, sometimes known as a Spot Light, is a powerful stage light which can be controlled by a human Spotlight operator to "follow" actors Forced perspective is a technique that employs Optical illusion to make an object appear farther closer larger or smaller than it actually is Foreshadowing is a literary device in which an Author drops subtle hints about plot developments to come later in the story. Formalist film theory is a theory of Film study that is focused on the formal or technical elements of a film i Found footage is a filmmaking term which describes a method of compiling films partly or entirely of Footage which has not been created by the filmmaker and changing its meaning The fourth wall is the imaginary wall at the front of the stage in a Proscenium Theater, through which the audience sees the action in the world of the play A film frame, or just frame, is one of the many single photographic images in a motion picture. Frame rate, or frame frequency, is the measurement of the Frequency (rate at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames The Frazier lens is a special Camera lens designed by Photographer Jim Frazier. A freeze frame shot is used when one shot is printed in a single frame several times in order to make an interesting illusion of a still photograph. French hours is a term used in the Film industry, when no lunch hour is designated on-set French Impressionist Cinema, also referred to as The First Avant-Garde or Narrative Avant-Garde, is a term applied to a loose and debatable group of films and filmmakers A Fresnel lantern (or merely Fresnel) is a spotlight used in Theatre, which employs a Fresnel lens to wash light over an area of the A Fresnel lens (pronounced or) is a type of lens invented by French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel. In Cinematography, full frame refers to the use of the full Film gate at maximum width and height for 35 mm film cameras. In photography film and video a long shot (sometimes referred to as a full shot or a wide shot) typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually Gaffer tape, sometimes shortened to gaff tape (especially by theater and photographic professionals or made possessive as " gaffer's tape" is a strong For the technique of creating backgrounds see Matte painting. The Genesis is Panavision 's high-end Digital Movie camera, which uses a Proprietary, full frame 35mm -width 1 Genie Awards are given out to recognize the best of Canadian cinema by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television. In Film theory, genre refers to the primary method of film categorization based on similarities in the narrative elements from which films are constructed German Expressionism is the term used to refer to a number of related creative movements which emerged in Germany before the first world war which reached a peak in Berlin gobo is a template or pattern cut into a circular plate used to create Patterns of projected Light. Go motion is a variation of Stop motion Animation, and was co-developed by Industrial Light & Magic and Phil Tippett for the 1980 A Godspot is an effect used in Stage lighting for the Theatre. The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and Television programs given out each year during a formal dinner A Greensman or Greensperson or Greenskeeper is any production personnel on a film set which is responsible for obtaining and taking care of anything "green" In the US and Canada, grips are lighting and rigging technicians in the Film and Video industries Hand-held camera or hand-held shooting is a film and video technique in which a camera is literally held in the camera-operator's hands--as opposed to being placed on a Soft light refers to light that tends to "wrap" around object casting shadows with soft edges In Film, Television, and Still photography a close-up tightly frames a person or an object In Film, a high angle shot is usually when the camera is located high (often above head height and the shot is angled downwards (in contrast to a Low-angle shot HiDef, short for "high definition" (also called 24P) is a 24 frames-per-second Digital Video format for high- resolution A High-intensity discharge (HID lamp is a type of electrical lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between Tungsten Electrodes High-key lighting is a style of lighting for Film, Television, or Photography that aims to reduce the A high speed camera is a device used for recording slow-motion playback films or used for scientific study of transient phenomena The history of film spans over a hundred years from the latter part of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. In Accountancy, Hollywood accounting is the practice of distributing the Profit earned by a large project to corporate entities which though technically In the classic era of Hollywood cinema (1930 – 1945 " cycles " or genres matured " Hollywood North " an Allusion to Hollywood, California, a notable Film centre The Hollywood Reporter is a major trade publication of the Film industry in the United States. Home video is a blanket term used for pre-recorded media that is either sold or hired for home entertainment Horror films are Movies that strive to elicit Fear, Horror and terror responses from viewers Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide, or HMI, is a mercury - Halide gas discharge medium arc-length lamp In Optics and Photography, hyperfocal distance is a distance beyond which all objects can be brought into an "acceptable" focus. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employes, Image processing is any form of Signal processing for which the input is an image such as photographs or frames of video the output of image processing can be either an image IMAX (short for Image MAXimum is a Film format created by Canada 's IMAX Corporation that has the capacity to display images of far greater size and iMovie is a Video editing software application which allows Mac users to edit their own home movies An in-camera effect is any Special effect in a video or movie that is created solely by using techniques in and on the Camera and/or its parts An independent film, or indie film, is a film that is produced outside of the Hollywood Studio system, a series of oligopolistic practices by several Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM) is a motion picture Visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas and is owned Soviet montage theory is an approach to understanding and creating cinema that relies heavily upon editing ( montage is French for "putting together" Intelligent lighting refers to Stage lighting that has automated or mechanical abilities beyond those of traditional stationary illumination For the method of incrementally displaying Raster graphics, see Interlace (bitmaps. The intermittent mechanism or intermittent movement is the device by which Film is regularly advanced and then held in place for a brief duration of time in a Interruptible feedback or interruptible foldback ( IFB) systems are used in Broadcasting and Motion picture production for crew Communication In Motion pictures an intertitle (also known as a title card) is a piece of filmed printed text edited into the midst of (i In engineering iso-elastic refers to a system of elastic and tensile parts (springs and pulleys which are arranged in a configuration which serves to Italian neorealism is a style of film characterized by stories set amongst the poor and Working class, filmed on location frequently using nonprofessional Actors "Jaggies" is the informal name for Aliasing artifacts in Raster images often caused by non-linear mixing effects producing high-frequency components In Cinematography, a jib is a boom device with a Camera on one end and a Counterweight and camera controls on the other A jump cut is a cut in Film editing where the middle section of a continuous shot is removed and the beginning and end of the shot are then joined together In American and Canadian Film -making the key grip is the chief grip on the set The key light is the first and usually most important light that a Photographer, Cinematographer, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene Introduced in 1990 Keykode is an Eastman Kodak Company advancement on edge numbers, which are letters numbers and symbols placed at regular intervals along the edge of Kinemacolor was the first successful colour Motion picture process used commercially from 1908 to 1914 The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device Though not a Movie projector —it was designed for films to be viewed individually through the window Kino-Pravda ("Film Truth" was a Newsreel series by Dziga Vertov, Elizaveta Svilova, and Mikhail Kaufman. Kinopanorama is a three-lens three-film Widescreen Film format. Klieg light is an intense Carbon Arc lamp especially used in Filmmaking. The Kodak Theatre is a live theatre in the Hollywood and Highland retail dining and entertainment complex on Hollywood Boulevard and North Highland Avenue The Kuleshov Effect is a montage effect demonstrated by Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov in about 1918 LCD shutter glasses are glasses used in conjunction with computers or TV screens to create the illusion of a three dimensional image an example of Stereoscopy. A Lekolite (often abbreviated to Leko) is a type of Ellipsoidal reflector spotlight (ERS used in Stage lighting. A lens is an optical device with perfect or approximate Axial symmetry which transmits and refracts Light, converging or diverging Lens flare is the light scattered in lens systems through generally unwanted image formation mechanisms such as internal reflection and Scattering from In Photography, a lens hood or lens shade is a device used on the end of a lens to block the sun or other light source in order to prevent glare and Letterboxing is the practice of transferring Widescreen Film to Video formats while preserving the film's original aspect ratio. A light meter is a device used to measure the amount of Light. Lighting technicians are involved with setting up and controlling Lighting equipment for entertainment venues ( Film or Theater) Lighting includes both artificial Light sources such as lamps and natural illumination of interiors from Daylight. A lighting control console (also called a lightboard, lighting board, or lighting desk) is an electronic device used in The role of the lighting designer (or LD) within Theatre is to work with the director, Set designer, Costume designer, and sometimes LightWave 3D is a high end Computer graphics program developed by NewTek. Lightworks (formerly OLE Limited) was founded at the end of the 1989, by Paul Bamborough, Nick Pollock and Neil Harris. International Creative Management, Inc (ICM is a Talent agency. A line producer is a key member of the production team for a Motion picture. A linear filter applies a Linear operator to a time-varying input signal Linear (or Longitudinal Timecode ( LTC) encodes SMPTE timecode data as a Manchester-Biphase encoded audio signal Linear video editing is the process of selecting arranging and modifying the images and sound recorded on Videotape whether captured by a Video camera, generated Audio to video synchronization (also known as Audio video sync, Audio/video sync, AV-sync, lip sync &ndash or lack of it lip sync error A lipstick camera is an extremely small Video camera which is approximately the size of a typical tube of Lipstick. A filming location is a place where some or all of a Film or television series is produced in addition to or instead of using sets constructed on a studio Backlot The Location Department is an often forgotten yet integral department in the creation of a motion picture Location Scouting is a vital process in the Pre-production stage of Filmmaking and Commercial photography. Location shooting is the practice of Filming in an actual setting rather than on a Sound stage or back lot. A log line is a brief summary of a Television program or Movie, often providing both a synopsis of the program's plot, and an emotional In photography film and video a long shot (sometimes referred to as a full shot or a wide shot) typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually A long take is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general usually lasting several In Cinematography, a low-angle shot, is a shot from a camera positioned low on the vertical axis often at knee height looking up Low-key lighting is a style of lighting for Photography, Film or Television. Lucasfilm Limited' is an American Film production company founded by George Lucas in 1971, based in San Francisco California Lucasfilm Animation is an animation studio founded in 2003. It is a division of George Lucas ' Lucasfilm, with facilities in California. The Lumapanel is a Motion Picture Light designed in the 1990s Machinima (məˈʃiːnəmə or /məˈʃɪnəmə/ The magic lantern or Lanterna Magica was the ancestor of the modern Slide projector. A make-up artist or MUA is an artist who creates Makeup and prosthetics for theatrical, Television, Film, fashion magazines and other Marxist film theory is one of the oldest forms of Film theory. A master shot is a Film recording of an entire dramatized scene from start to finish from an angle that keeps all the players in view A match cut or raccord is also called a 'metaphor cut' It is a cut in Film editing from one scene to another in which the two camera shots' compositional In Cinematography, match moving is a special effects technology to allow the insertion of virtual objects into real footage with the correct position scale orientation and For the technique of creating backgrounds see Matte painting. Maya is a high-end 3D computer graphics and 3D modeling software package originally developed by Alias Systems Corporation, but now owned by Medieval films imagine and portray the Middle Ages through the visual audio and thematic forms of cinema. In Film, a medium shot is a Camera shot from a medium distance Method acting is an Acting technique in which Actors try to replicate real life emotional conditions under which the character operates in an effort to create a life-like The Blair Witch Project is a low-budget American Horror film released in 1999 In Film, a medium shot is a Camera shot from a medium distance MIDI time code (MTC embeds the same timing information as standard SMPTE time code as a series of small 'quarter-frame' MIDI messages A P+S Technik Mini35 adapter is a Depth-of-field adapter for use with 35 mm lenses on a video Mise-en-scène (mizɑ̃sɛn is an expression used in the theatre and film worlds to describe the design aspects of a production In professional audio, a mixing console, or audio mixer, also called a sound board or soundboard, is an electronic device for combining Mockumentary (also known as a pseudo-documentary) a Portmanteau of Mock and documentary, is a film and TV Genre, or a single work A montage sequence is a technique in Film editing in which a series of short shots is edited into a sequence to condense narrative See also Filmmaking Cinematography (from Greek: kinesis κινησις (movement and grapho γραφω (to record is the discipline Motion blur is the apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still image or a sequence of images such as a movie or Animation. Motion capture, motion tracking, or mocap are terms used to describe the process of recording movement and translating the movement onto a digital model This article is about motion picture film cameras See Video camera for cameras which record images electronically A motion picture rating system categorizes films with regard to suitability for audiences in terms of issues such as sex violence substance abuse profanity impudence or other types The Film industry is built upon a large number of technologies and techniques drawing upon Photography, Stagecraft, Music, and many other disciplines This article is concerned with technical aspects of moving film projection For other uses including various songs titled "Movie Star" see Movie star (disambiguation. A movie studio (aka film studio) is in the established sense of the term a company that distributes films. Cinemaaustraliajpg|thumb|A movie theater in Australia ]]A movie theater, movie theatre, picture theatre or cinema is a venue This is a list of films shot in Harlem, New York. Harlem is Heaven, 1932 Dark Manhattan, The Movietone sound system is a Sound-on-film method of recording sound for motion pictures which guarantees synchronisation between the sound and the picture Intelligent lighting refers to Stage lighting that has automated or mechanical abilities beyond those of traditional stationary illumination This is about the editing machine For the television channel see Movieola. The Motion Picture Association of America's film-rating system is used in the U The multiple-camera setup (aka multiple-camera mode of production is a method of shooting films and television programs A music sequencer (also MIDI sequencer or just sequencer) is software or hardware designed to create and manage computer-generated music A music supervisor, also sometimes called a music coordinator or musical director is an individual who combines Music and visual media The musical film is a Film genre in which several Songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative Fictional film or narrative film is film that tells a Fictional story or Narrative. In Film theory, narrativity refers to the processes by which a Story is both presented by the Filmmaker and interpreted by the viewer The National Association of Theatre Owners ( NATO) is a trade organization based in the United States whose members are the owners of Movie theaters Most The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is Canada's public film producer and distributor The United States National Film Preservation Board is the board selecting Films for preservation in the Library of Congress ' National Film The National Film Registry is the registry of Films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of The National Media Museum (formerly the National Museum of Photography Film and Television) is a museum in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England Negative Cutting (also known as Negative Matching and Negative Conforming) is the process of cutting motion picture negative to match precisely the final edit as specified In Film production, a negative pickup is a contract entered into by an independent producer and a movie studio wherein the studio agrees to purchase the movie from the producer Neo-noir (from the Greek Neo, new and the French noir black is a type of Motion picture that prominently utilizes elements of Film Italian neorealism is a style of film characterized by stories set amongst the poor and Working class, filmed on location frequently using nonprofessional Actors New Queer Cinema is the seemingly simultaneous appearance on the independent Film circuit of movies dealing openly and even aggressively with queer culture A newsreel is a Documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed News stories For the Nickelodeon Theatre in Columbia, SC, see the page on the Columbia Film Society. Nitrocellulose (also cellulose nitrate, flash paper) is a highly flammable compound formed by Nitrating Cellulose through exposure to Noise reduction is the process of removing Noise from a signal. In Film studies, Diegesis refers to the story world and the events that occur within it "NLE" redirects here For the standardized test see National Latin Examination. In Photography and Cinematography a normal lens is a lens that generates images that generally look "natural" to a human observer under normal Offline editing is the Film and Television production process in which raw Footage is copied and edited without affecting the camera original film or tape A one-light workprint is a cinematographic term used to describe a timed workprint made using a single setting of the three lights (red green Online editing is generally the final stage of video editing When the offline edit is complete the pictures are re-assembled at full or 'online' resolution OpenEXR is a High dynamic range imaging Image file format, released as an Open standard along with a set of software tools created by Industrial Light An open content film (or open source film) is a Movie or Film produced using Open source software and open source methodology Opening credits, in a television program motion picture or videogame are shown at the beginning and list the most important members of the production Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene An optical printer is a device consisting of one or more film Projectors mechanically linked to a Movie camera. A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements with the ability to vary its Focal length (and thus Angle of view) as opposed to a fixed focal The original camera negative (OCN is the film in a Motion picture camera which captures the original image An outtake is a portion of a work (usually a Film or Music Recording) that is removed in the Editing process and not included in the work's final Pan and scan is one method of adjusting Widescreen film images so that they can be shown within the proportions of a Standard definition 43 aspect ratio Panavision is a Motion picture equipment company specializing in Cameras and lenses, based in Woodland Hills California. Panchromatic film is a type of Black-and-white Photographic film that is sensitive to all Wavelengths of Visible light. A parabolic aluminized reflector luminare, or PAR light, is a Stage lighting fixture widely used in Theatre, Concerts and Motion picture Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. Motion capture, motion tracking, or mocap are terms used to describe the process of recording movement and translating the movement onto a digital model Persistence of vision is the phenomenon of the eye by which even nanoseconds of exposure to an image result in milliseconds of reaction (sight from the retina to the optic nerves In Photography and Cinematography, perspective distortion describes one of two phenomena – the appearance of a part of the subject as abnormally large relative The phi phenomenon is a perceptual Illusion described by Max Wertheimer in his 1912 Experimental Studies on the Seeing of Motion, This article is mainly concerned with Still photography film For Motion picture film please see Film stock. A photographic lens (also known as objective lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with This article deals with the usage of this term in Optics and Lighting. Pinnacle Studio is a non-linear Video editing software application manufactured by Pinnacle Systems, a division of Avid Technology. Pinscreen animation makes use of a screen filled with movable pins which can be moved in or out by pressing an object onto the screen See also Pitch (filmmaking Pitch is a Canadian documentary created by Kenny Hotz and Spencer Rice, featuring themselves Pixar Animation Studios is a CGI animation production company based in Emeryville California. Pixilation (from pixilated) is a Stop motion technique where live actors are used as a frame-by-frame subject in an animated film by repeatedly posing A point of view shot also known as POV shot or a subjective camera) is a short Film scene that shows what a character (the subject is looking at (represented Political Cinema in the narrow sense of the term is a cinema which portrays current or historical events or social conditions in a partisan way in order to inform or to agitate the spectator A pop filter or pop shield is an anti-pop Noise protection filter for microphones, typically used in a Recording studio. Pornographic films are Motion pictures with the purpose of promoting sexual arousal in the viewer often featuring depictions of sexual activity See also Filmmaking Post-production occurs in the making of motion pictures, television programs, Videos audio recordings PowerAnimator and Animator, also referred to simply as "Alias" the precursor to what is now Maya and StudioTools, was an expensive complex A practical special effect is one in which a prop object appears to work in a situation where it obviously could not (such as a ringing Telephone on stage The praxinoscope was an Animation device the successor to the Zoetrope. Premium Picture Productions is a former Movie studio located in Beaverton Oregon which was active in the early 1920s. See also Filmmaking Pre-production is the process of preparing all the elements involved in a Film, play, or other Performance. See also Filmmaking Principal photography is the phase of Film production in which the movie is actually shot as distinct from Pre-production A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. Producers Guild of America ( PGA) is a Trade organization representing television producers film producers and New Media producers in the United States A production assistant, also known as a PA, is an entry-level job title used in filmmaking and Television for a person responsible for various aspects For the television broadcasting term please see Production code number. Production company refers to a company responsible for the development and physical production of Performing arts, Film, Radio or a Television program Production designer is a term used in the movie and Television industries to refer to the person responsible for the overall look of a filmed event such as films A set is a place with an artificial nature that creates the illusion of a real or imagined place A production sound mixer or location sound recordist is the member of a Film crew responsible for recording all sound and Sound effects on set Progressive or noninterlaced scanning is a method for displaying storing or transmitting Moving images in which all the lines of each frame are drawn in Proof of concept is a short and/or incomplete realization (or synopsis) of a certain method or idea(s to demonstrate its feasibility or a demonstration in principle whose A propaganda film is a Film, either a documentary -style production or a fictional screenplay that is produced to convince the viewer of a certain political point A theatrical property, commonly referred to as a prop, is any object held or used on stage by an Actor for use in furthering the plot or story line of a Theatrical The property master is an Artistic and organizational employee in a Film, Television or Theatrical production who is responsible for purchasing The concepts of Psychoanalysis have been applied to Films in various ways A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage Publicity for a public figure especially a Celebrity, a Business, or for a work A PV mount is a Lens mount developed by Panavision for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm Movie cameras It is the only mount offered with Racking focus is the practice of shifting the attention of a viewer of a film or video by changing the Focus of the lens from a subject in the foreground to a subject In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels A reaction shot is a term used in Motion picture production and Cinematography referring to a basic unit of film grammar in which an Actor or In the context of Film production, the read-through is an organized table reading of the Screenplay by the Actors with Speaking parts An A re-can is a roll of Film stock which was originally opened up from a factory-sealed can and loaded into a Camera magazine by a Clapper loader, but remained In Film, a redress is the redecoration of an existing Movie set, so that it can double for another set The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium A " remake' " is a term used to described something that has been done again sometimes with better Quality, and usually with more features Rembrandt lighting in Photography is a lighting technique that is sometimes used in studio portraiture Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model, by means of computer programs A re-recording mixer, formerly known as a dubbing mixer, is a person who is part of a post-production sound team and works specifically with dialog music and sound effects to The Angénieux retrofocus Photographic lens is a Wide-angle lens design that uses an inverted telephoto configuration In Photography, a reversal film is a still positive image created on a transparent base using photochemical means In Stage lighting, the rig is a technical term for the entire lighting apparatus including the lights themselves the physical structure which supports them and the cabling A rostrum camera is a specially adapted camera used in Television and Film to animate a still picture or object Motion picture cameras film is exposed as a pie-shaped mirror called a rotary disc shutter, rotates in front of the Film gate. Rotoscoping is an Animation technique in which Animators trace over live-action film movement frame by frame for use in Animated films Originally In Filmmaking, the Rough cut is the second of three stages of Offline editing. The rule of thirds is a compositional Rule of thumb in Photography and other visual arts such as Painting and Design. A Runaway production is a term used by the Film industry to describe Motion picture productions and Television shows that are "intended for initial Dailies, in Filmmaking, is the term used to describe the raw unedited Footage shot during the making of a Motion picture. Modern stage lighting is a flexible Tool in the production of Theatre, Dance, Opera and other Performance arts In Stage lighting, an Ellipsoidal Reflector Floodlight, better known as a scoop, is a large simple lighting fixture with a dome-like reflector The Screen Actors Guild ( SAG) is an American labor union representing over 120000 Film and television principal performers and background " Screen direction " is a term used in motion picture and video editing and refers to an underlying concept of cinematic grammar which involves For the BBC TV series see Screen Test. A screen test is a method of determining the suitability of an Actor or actress for See also Pre-production Screenwriting A screenplay or script is a written plan authored by a Screenwriter, for a Film or Television In a Screenplay a slug line tells the reader that the story has changed in location or time Screenwriters or scenarists are Scriptwriters who write the Screenplays from which Films and Television programs are made See also Pre-production Screenplay Screenwriting is the art and craft of writing scripts for Film, Television or Video games Screenwriting Software applications are Word processors specialized to the task of writing Screenplays. In the United States, Screenwriting credit for motion pictures and television programs under its jurisdiction is determined by either the Writers Guild of The screwball comedy is a subgenre of the comedy Film genre. It has proven to be one of the most popular and enduring film genres A scrim is a device used in lighting for Films. It is a small screen that is slot loaded into a Light can to lower its intensity See also Pre-production Screenwriting A screenplay or script is a written plan authored by a Screenwriter, for a Film or Television A script breakdown is an intermediate step in the production of a play, Film, Comic book, or any other work that is originally planned using a script A script doctor is a skilled Screenwriter called in to assist a Film project by rewriting parts of the Screenplay to improve dialogue pacing and other A script supervisor or continuity is a member of a Film crew responsible for maintaining the film's internal continuity and for marking the production In Film, the second unit is a team that shoots Footage which is of lesser importance for the final Motion picture, as opposed to the first unit which shoots Secondary Animation (or secondary motion is the motion derived from Primary motion, much like a ripple or jiggle of different parts of the body when a person walks In Optics, the Sellmeier equation is an Empirical relationship between Refractive index n and Wavelength λ for a A long take is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general usually lasting several Set construction is a process by which a set designer works in collaboration with the director of the production to create the set for a theatrical film or television A set decorator is in charge of the set dressing on a Film set, which includes the Furnishings wallpaper lighting fixtures and many of the other objects that will Set dressers arrange objects on a Film set before shooting They work under the direction of a Leadman, a Set decorator and a Production designer Shake is an image Compositing package used in the post-production industry Shallow focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique incorporating a small Depth of field. The Shaw Brothers Studio ( Chinese 邵氏片場 owned by Shaw Brothers (HK Ltd In the Film industry, a Film is considered shelved if it is not released for public viewing after Filming has started or even completed The shooting ratio of a Film or Video is the Ratio between the total duration of its Footage shot and that which results from its final " Shooting Script is a First person narrative Novel by English author Gavin Lyall, first published in 1966. A short end is a partial roll of unexposed Film stock which was left over during a motion picture production and which is kept for use later Short subject is a format description originally coined in the North American Film industry in the early period of cinema. Shot reverse shot (or shot/countershot) is a Film technique wherein one character is shown looking (often off-screen at another character and then the other character Motion picture cameras film is exposed as a pie-shaped mirror called a rotary disc shutter, rotates in front of the Film gate. In Photography, shutter speed is the length of time a shutter is The single-camera setup (aka single-camera mode of production is a method of shooting films and television programs Skywalker Sound is the Sound effects sound editing, Sound design and music recording division of George Lucas' Lucas Digital The slit-scan photography technique is a photographic and cinematographic process where a moveable slide into which a slit has been cut is inserted between the Slow cutting is a film editing technique which uses shots of long duration. Slow motion is a technique in film-making whereby Time appears to be slowed down SMPTE timecode is a set of cooperating standards to label individual frames of video or film with a Timecode defined by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers Soft light refers to light that tends to "wrap" around object casting shadows with soft edges Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc ( SPE) is the television and Film production/distribution unit of Japanese Media conglomerate Sony Sony Vegas is a Non-linear editing system originally published by Sonic Foundry, now owned and run by Sony Creative Software Sound design is a technical/conceptually creative field It covers all non-compositional elements of a film a play a music performance A sound editor is a creative professional responsible for selecting and assembling Sound recordings in preparation for the final Sound mixing or Mastering For the album by The Jam see Sound Affects. Sound effects or audio effects are artificially created or enhanced Sounds Audio engineering is a part of audio science dealing with the recording and reproduction of Sound through mechanical and electronic means Audio mixing is the process by which a multitude of sound sources are combined into one or more channels A sound stage is a soundproof Hangar -like structure building or room used for the production of theatrical motion pictures and Television shows Here are the movies of the USSR with the greatest number of ticket sales during the year in question Star Wars is an epic Space opera franchise initially conceived by George Lucas during the 1970s and significantly expanded The illusions used in the Film, Television, Theater, or Entertainment industries to simulate the imagined events in a story are traditionally called Spydercam is a type of film camera used for aerial or suspended shots. Stage combat is a specialized technique in Theatre designed to create the Illusion of physical Combat without causing harm to the performers Modern stage lighting is a flexible Tool in the production of Theatre, Dance, Opera and other Performance arts Stage lighting instruments are used in Stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions rock Concerts Stand-In ( 1937) is a Hollywood movie which shows the industry's own opinion on unions and the workers of Hollywood Mexican standoff is a strategic deadlock or Impasse, in which no party can act in a way that ensures victory A step outline is a detailed telling of a story intended to be turned into a Screenplay for a Motion picture. Stereoscopy, stereoscopic imaging or 3-D (three-dimensional imaging is any technique capable of recording three-dimensional visual Stock footage, and similarly archive footage, library pictures and file footage are Film or Video Stop motion (or frame-by-frame) animation is an Animation technique to make a physically manipulated object appear to move on its own A stop trick is a Film Special effect. It occurs when an object is filmed then while the camera is off the object is moved out of sight of the camera then the A striplight Lighting fixture is a long row of small lights Usually theaters use roundels (pieces of colored glass or gels to make these lights different colors The structuralist film theory emphasizes how Films convey meaning through the use of codes and conventions not dissimilar to the way Languages are A stunt is an unusual and difficult physical feat or any act requiring a special skill performed for artistic purposes in TV, Theatre, or cinema Founded in 1961, the Stuntmen's Association of Motion Pictures is an honorary society of Motion picture Stunt coordinators stuntmen, and Subtitles are textual versions of the dialog in films and television programs usually displayed at the bottom of the screen Sundance Institute is a non-profit organization based in Park City, Utah, and founded by actor/director/producer Robert Redford in 1981 In Graphics, superimposition is the placement of an Image or video on top of an already-existing image or video usually to add to the overall image effect but also 51, Multichannel audio, Multichannel music Surround 3D Surround 5 Suspension of disbelief or "willing suspension of disbelief" is an aesthetic theory intended to characterize people's relationships to art In film-making a swing gang is one or more persons who make last-minute changes on a Film set. Sync sound (synchronized sound recording refers to sound recorded at the time of the Filming of movies and has been widely used in U A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image as opposed to a Silent film. In a television studio a tally light is a small signal-lamp on a television Camera or monitor. The Technical Achievement Award is a kind of Scientifc and Technical Award given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to those whose particular technical Technicolor is the trademark for a series of color film processes pioneered by Technicolor Motion Picture Corporation Technirama is a screen process that was used by some film production houses as an alternative to CinemaScope. Techniscope or 2-Perf is a 35mm motion picture camera film format introduced by Technicolor Italia in 1963 Telecine (ˈtɛləˌsɪni/ /ˌtɛləˈsɪni/ ˌtɛləˈsɪnə also /ˌtɛləˈsiːn/ — "tel-e-Sin-ee" "tel-e-Sin-a" as 'cine' is the same root as in 'cinema' A teleconverter is a Secondary lens which is mounted between the Camera and a Photographic lens. Telerecording (known as kinescoping in the USA) is the British name for a process pioneered during the 1940s for the storing of electronically-shot The Tessar is a famous Photographic lens design conceived by physicist Paul Rudolph in 1902 while he worked at the Zeiss optical company and patented by A test screening is a preview screening of a movie or television show before its general release in order to gauge audience reaction Three-point lighting is a standard method used in visual media such as Video, Film, Still photography and Computer-generated imagery. Tilting is a cinematographic technique in which the Camera is stationary and rotates in a vertical plane (or tilting Time-lapse photography is a Cinematography technique whereby each Film frame is captured at a rate much slower than it will be played back Title sequence generally refers to the method by which cinematic films or television shows present their title key cast and/or production members utilizing conceptual visuals The following is a non-definitive list of the all-time highest-grossing films. Here are the 50 top-grossing movies of all time in the United States and Canada based on total receipts as of September 23, 2008. The Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF) is a publicly-attended Film festival held each September in Toronto, Ontario, Canada In Motion picture terminology, a tracking shot (also known as a dolly shot or trucking shot) is a segment in which the camera is mounted on a wheeled platform This article lists many films whose primary character(s are Transgender. A film treatment (or treatment for short is a piece of prose typically the step between scene cards ( Index cards and the first draft of a Screenplay for A trilogy is a set of three works of art usually Literature, Film, or Video games, that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or three A Two shot is a type of shot employed in the Film industry in which the frame encompasses a view of two people (the subjects Time-lapse photography is a Cinematography technique whereby each Film frame is captured at a rate much slower than it will be played back Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American A utility sound technician, or simply utility or cableperson is an assistant to both the Production sound mixer and the boom operator on a film VariCam is a Brand name associated with the specialized Panasonic Video cameras that are mostly used to imitate the look and feel of Motion picture Variety is a weekly entertainment trade newspaper founded in New York in 1905 by Sime Silverman The Venice Film Festival is the oldest Film festival in the world Vertical Interval TimeCode ( VITC, pronounced "vitsee" is a form of SMPTE timecode embedded as a pair of black-and-white bars in a video signal Video is the technology of electronically capturing, Recording, processing storing transmitting and reconstructing a sequence of Still images A video assist is a piece of equipment mounted onto a Movie camera that allows (with the addition of a monitor the director to see exactly what the Camera operator A video tap is an accessory for a Motion picture camera used to provide a video feed from the camera lens This article is about the definition for the short story by Raymond Carver, see Viewfinder (short story In Photography, a In Photography and Optics, vignetting is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation at the Periphery compared to the image center Because of the highly flammable nature of cellulose Nitrate film, by the beginning of the 20th century manufacturers had begun to introduce Cellulose acetate as a safe alternative A virtual camera is a series of Still cameras which are designed to behave as a motion camera or a simulated camera onto which a 3-D animation is projected when rendering VistaVision is a variant of the 35 mm motion picture film format created by Paramount Pictures in 1954 based on the Glamorama and Superama Visual effects (commonly shortened to Visual F/X or VFX) are the various processes by which imagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a Live Vitascope is an early film projector first demonstrated in 1895 by Charles Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat. Voice acting is the art of providing voices for animated characters (including those in feature films television series animated shorts and Video games) and In American Radio, Film, and Television, walla is a sound effect imitating the murmur of a crowd in the background Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and In the United States, Screenwriting credit for motion pictures and television programs under its jurisdiction is determined by either the Writers Guild of The Widelux is a fully mechanical swing-lens panoramic Camera first developed in Japan in 1948, with both 35mm (the F6 A widescreen image is a film computer or television image with a wider and shorter aspect ratio than the standard Academy frame developed during the Classical Wire removal is a Visual effects technique used to remove wires in Films usually to simulate flying in Actors or Miniatures. A wireless microphone, as the name implies is a Microphone without a physical cable connecting it directly to the sound recording or amplifying equipment with which it is associated A workprint is a rough version of a Motion picture, used by the Film editor (s during the editing process The Writers Guild of America is a generic term referring to the joint efforts of two different US labor unions The Writers Guild of America East (WGAE representing A xenon arc lamp is an artificial light source Powered by Electricity, it uses Ionized Xenon gas to produce a bright white light that closely A xenon flash lamp is an Electric glow discharge lamp designed to produce extremely intense incoherent, full-spectrum white light for very short durations In photographic Optics, the so-called Zeiss formula is sometimes said to be used for computing a Circle of confusion (CoC criterion for Depth The Tessar is a famous Photographic lens design conceived by physicist Paul Rudolph in 1902 while he worked at the Zeiss optical company and patented by Zen Filmmaking is a formalized style of Filmmaking that was developed in 1991 by Scott Shaw in association with Donald G A zoetrope is a device that produces an illusion of action from a rapid succession of static pictures A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements with the ability to vary its Focal length (and thus Angle of view) as opposed to a fixed focal The zoopraxiscope is an early device for displaying motion pictures. This article contains a summary list of Wikipedia articles containing film lists. In alphabetical order 0 Zero Effect ( 1998) Decimals.45 ( A A-ge-man ( 1990) A-Haunting We Will Go ( 1942) The A-Team B B*A*P*S ( 1997) Ba Baa-Bam BABO ( 2008) C CHUD ( 1984) CRAZY ( 2005) Ca Ca-Cap D D'Artagnan and Three Musketeers ( 1978) ( TV) DARYL ( 1985) E E la nave va ( 1983) ET the Extra-Terrestrial ( 1982) Ea-El F F for Fake ( 1974) FIST ( 1978) Fa G G-SALE ( 2003) GI Blues ( 1960) GORA ( 2005 H H ( 2002) H G Wells' The Shape of Things to Come ( 1979) HG I I Accuse My Parents ( 1944) I Am an American Soldier ( 2007) I Am a J J D's Revenge ( 1976) Ja-Ji Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro ( 1983) L LA M M ( 1931) M Butterfly ( 1993) M*A*S*H ( 1970 N Na Na svoji zemlji (1948 Na Tum Jaano Na Hum (2002 Naagu (1984 P PS ( 2004) PS Your Cat is Dead ( 2002) PS I Love You Q Q ( 1982) Q Planes ( 1939) Q&A ( 1990) S S Diary ( 2004) SA-Mann Brand ( 1933) SOB ( 1981 T T-Men ( 1947) Ta Taboo ( 1999) Tabu U U Turn ( 1997) UFO ( 1993) US Marshals ( 1998 X X ( 1963) X the Unknown ( 1956) X-15 ( 1961) This is a list of films that feature Extraterrestrial life. See also List of extraterrestrials in fiction This is a list of character-based film series, in which many Films are made about the same main character who may or may not be played by different actors over the course of In Film theory, genre refers to the primary method of film categorization based on similarities in the narrative elements from which films are constructed Films are currently split in the following In due course these lists will be merged in main comedy film lists by decade List of drama films is a chronological listing of films in the Drama genre See also Disaster film Doomsday film This list of disaster and doomsday Films represents over half a century of films within the genre List of fantasy films is a chronological listing of Films in the fantasy genre The following is a list of films and television series often described as film noir. IMPORTANT!!!! Please note If you add a movie to this list please add it to the List of lesbian gay bisexual or transgender-related films by year article as well This is chronological list of Horror films split by decade Often there may be considerable overlap particularly between Horror and other genres (including action This is a list of films related to the Punk subculture. 0-9 1991 The Year Punk Broke (1992 24 Hour Party People This is a list of films that deal with the topic of Racism or race. This is a list of science fiction films organised chronologically This list of War films are films depicting aspects of historical wars The following are lists of actors: Overall List of male movie actors (A-K List of male movie actors (L-Z This is a list of Motion picture and television directors. A Jim Abrahams Abiola Abrams This is a list of Show business families compare it to List of U The following is a list of notable people who predominantly (or most famously compose Soundtrack Music for Films (i This is a list of Film production companies. The "Big Six" major film studios Fox Entertainment Group Argentina Aqua Films Argentina Sono Film SACI Aleph Producciones BD Cine This is a list of Motion picture studios around the world Albania Albfilm Canada This is a list of motion picture distributors, sorted alphabetically by country A computer-animated film commonly refers to Feature films that have been computer-animated to appear three dimensional on a movie screen This is a list of some of the longest films ever released The longest film according to the Guinness World Records, is The Cure for Insomnia at 5220 minutes This list of Film formats catalogues formats developed for shooting or viewing Motion pictures, ranging from the Chronophotographe format from 1888 to mid-20th century While there is no agreement upon the greatest Film of all time many publications and organizations have tried to determine the films considered the greatest ever. BEFORE INSERTING A MOVIE PLEASE MAKE SURE THAT IT HAS ACTUALLY BEEN DEFINED "THE WORST" BY A REPUTABLE SOURCE The following is a non-definitive list of the all-time highest-grossing films. The following is a partial list of US and Canadian Box office bombs; Films with low Box office revenue This is a list of films receiving six or more Academy Awards. This is a list of groups organizations and festivals that recognize achievements in cinema, usually by awarding various prizes This is a list of major Film festivals. Africa List of film festivals in Africa Asia List of film festivals in Asia Europe This is a list of Academy Awards ceremonies complete with date of each event year in film, ceremony host and the Best Picture award winner This is a list of Golden Globe Awards ceremonies. Noia 64 devices dvd mountpng|64px|right]]This is a list of fiction works that have been made into Feature films. Trilogies are Film series that now or currently have three films in its series Noia 64 devices dvd mountpng|64px|right]]This is a list of Nonfiction works that have been made into Feature films The title of the work is followed by the work's author the This is a list of Films produced in the Cinema of Albania. 1940s 1950s This is chronological list of Films produced in the United Kingdom split by decade While most of local Hong Kong movies were filmed locally several foreign movies were also at least partly set in Hong Kong. This is a list of films set in Los Angeles California: This list is incomplete 1920s Hollywood (1923 The following is a partial list of films set in New York City. This is a partial list of Films set in Puerto Rico; either the movie's plot includes that island the movie has been filmed there or both Thirty-seven of director Alfred Hitchcock 's 52 surviving major films — his second film The Mountain Eagle is lost — contain a Cameo appearance by Hitchcock The National Film Registry is the registry of Films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of This list of years in film indexes the individual year This is a list of media based on work by Stephen King (including the Richard Bachman titles Theatrical releases 1976 Carrie This article contains a summary list of Wikipedia articles containing film lists. The following is a list of Video -related topics Numbers 3D 43 601 169

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