Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Lionel Jospin
Lionel Jospin
165th Prime Minister of France
16th Prime Minister of Fifth Republic
In office
3 June 1997 – 6 May 2002
President Jacques Chirac
Preceded by Alain Juppé
Succeeded by Jean-Pierre Raffarin
In office
12 May 1988 – 2 April 1992
Prime Minister Michel Rocard
Édith Cresson
Preceded by René Monory
Succeeded by Jack Lang
In office
10 May 1988 – 16 May 1991
Prime Minister Michel Rocard
Preceded by Alain Calmat
Succeeded by Frédérique Bredin
Born July 12, 1937 (1937-07-12) (age 70)
Meudon, France
Political party Socialist
Spouse Sylviane Agacinski
Occupation Activist
Civil servant
Religion French Reformed Protestant

Lionel Jospin (born 12 July 1937) is a French politician who served as Prime Minister of France, during the third "cohabitation", under Jacques Chirac, from 1997 to 2002. The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers See also Government of France The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Alain Marie Juppé (born 15 August 1945 is a French right-wing politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac Jean-Pierre Raffarin (born 3 August 1948 is a French conservative Politician and senator for Vienne. The Ministry of National Education Advanced Instruction and Research (Ministre de l'Éducation nationale de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche or simply "Minister of Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Michel Rocard (born 23 August 1930 is a French politician, member of the Socialist Party (PS Édith Cresson (born on 27 January 1934 as Édith Campion in Boulogne-Billancourt, near Paris) is a French politician. René Monory (born June 6, 1923, in Loudun) is a French Centre-right Politician. Jack Lang may refer to Jack Lang (Australian politician (1876&ndash1975 Jack Lang (sportswriter, an American sportswriter (1921&ndash2007 The Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports ("Ministre de la Jeunesse et des Sports" alternatively translated "Minister of Youth and Sports" is in the Government Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Michel Rocard (born 23 August 1930 is a French politician, member of the Socialist Party (PS Alain Calmat (born August 31, 1940, in Paris) is a French former competitive Figure skater, Surgeon, and Politician Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Meudon is a municipality in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. Sylviane Agacinski is a French philosopher and professor at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis The Reformed Church of France (L’Eglise Réformée de France ÉRF is a denomination in France (originally Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Cohabitation in government occurs in Semi-presidential systems such as France 's system when the President is from a different Political party Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Jospin was the French Socialist Party candidate for President of France in the elections of 1995 and 2002. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected He was narrowly defeated in the final runoff election by Jacques Chirac in 1995. In 2002 he was stunningly eliminated in the first round after finishing behind both Chirac and the far-right candidate Jean-Marie Le Pen, and immediately announced his retirement from politics, although he briefly campaigned for the 2007 party nomination in the autumn of 2006. Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer, Brittany, France) is a French far-right Nationalist

Contents

Early life

Lionel Jospin was born to a Protestant family in Meudon, a suburb of Paris. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Meudon is a municipality in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city He studied at Institut d'études politiques de Paris and the École nationale d'administration (ENA). The École Nationale d'Administration ( ÉNA) one of the most prestigious French schools ( Grandes écoles) was created in 1945 by Charles de Gaulle He was active in the UNEF students' union, protesting against the war in Algeria (1954-62). The National Union of Students of France ( Union Nationale des Étudiants de France or UNEF) is the main national students' union in France. The Algerian War ( French: Guerre d'Algérie; 1954-1962 also known as Algerian War of Independence, led to Algeria 's independence from

Member of National Assembly

After his graduation from the ENA in 1965, he entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as secretary of Foreign Affairs. The Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of France, is the cabinet minister responsible for the Foreign relations of France. He became in charge of economical cooperation there, and worked with Ernest-Antoine Seillière, future leader of the MEDEF employers' union. Ernest-Antoine Seillière de Laborde, born 20 December 1937 in Neuilly-sur-Seine is an entrepreneur and the heir to the Wendel empire (representing €730 million The Mouvement des Entreprises de France or MEDEF (in English "Movement of the French Enterprises" is the largest Union of employers

Representative of a generation of left-wingers who criticized the old Socialist party SFIO, he joined a Trotskyist group, the Internationalist Communist Organization (OCI) in the 1960s, before entering the renewed Socialist Party (PS) in 1971. Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. For the unrelated Italian left communist group see the Internationalist Communist Organisation (Italy. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. Integrating François Mitterrand's circle, he became the second highest-ranking member of the party in 1979, then its leader when Mitterrand was elected President of France in 1981. François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist When President Mitterrand decided, in 1982-1983, to change his economic policy in giving the priority at the struggle against inflation and for a hard currency, Jospin justified his choice, as First Secretary of the PS, in saying the Socialist power open just a "parenthesis". In 1984, when Laurent Fabius was chosen as Prime minister, a rivalry appeared between these two political heirs of Mitterrand. Laurent Fabius (born 20 August 1946 is a former Socialist Prime Minister of France. It broke out when they competed for the leadership of the 1986 legislative campaign. The French legislative elections took place on March 16 1986 to elect the 8th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.

In government

In 1988, after Mitterrand's re-election, he left the PS leadership, and, though the President considered naming him Prime Minister, he was nominated Minister of Education. Presidential elections were held in France on 24 April and 8 May 1988 The Ministry of National Education Advanced Instruction and Research (Ministre de l'Éducation nationale de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche or simply "Minister of His rivalry with Fabius intensified. It caused an internal crisis, notably during the Rennes Congress (1990), and damaged his relation with Mitterrand. The Rennes Congress was the thirteenth national congress of the French Socialist Party ( Parti socialiste or PS After the failure of the Socialist Party at the March 1992 local elections, Jospin was not included in the new government formed by Pierre Bérégovoy. Pierre Eugène Bérégovoy (23 December 1925 – 1 May 1993 was a French Socialist politician of Ukrainian origin

As a member of the National Assembly, Jospin served first as a representative of Paris (1978-86), and then of Haute-Garonne département (1986-88). Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Haute-Garonne ( Occitan: Nauta Garona; English: Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwest of France named after the In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Jospin lost his seat in the National Assembly in the Socialists' landslide defeat in the 1993 legislative election and announced his political retirement. French legislative elections took place on March 21 and 28 1993 to elect the 10th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic.

Finally, he came back and claimed the necessity to "take stock" of the mitterrandist inheritance so as to restore the credibility of the Socialist Party. In this, he was selected to be the Socialist candidate for President in 1995, against the PS leader Henri Emmanuelli. Henri Emmanuelli (born on May 31 1945 is a French politician A member of the Socialist Party ( Parti socialiste or PS he has been deputy for Landes Following the Socialists' landslide defeats of 1992-1994, Jospin was considered to have little chance of victory. But he did surprisingly well, leading the first round and losing only very narrowly to Jacques Chirac in the final runnoff election. Despite defeat, his performance was seen to mark a revival of the Socialists as a strong force in French politics and he returned to being the First Secretary of the party

He built a new coalition with the other left-wing parties: the French Communist Party, the Greens, the Left Radical Party and the dissident Citizen and Republican Movement. The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of Les Verts (or The Greens are an Ecologist Political party to the Centre-left of the Political spectrum in France. The Radical Party of the Left ( Parti Radical de Gauche, PRG is a minor social-liberal and social-democratic political party in France The Citizen and Republican Movement ( Mouvement républicain et citoyen) is a Political party in France. Two years later, Chirac decided to call an early election for the National Assembly, hoping for a personal endorsement. But the move backfired as the "Plural Left" obtained a parliamentary majority and Jospin became Prime Minister. The Gauche Plurielle (French for Plural Left) was a left-wing coalition in France composed of the Socialist Party ( Parti socialiste or PS the French

Member of the Club of Madrid[1]. The Club of Madrid is an independent organization created for the purpose of promoting Democracy and change in the global community. [1]

Prime Minister

Despite his previous image as a rigid socialist, Jospin went on selling state-owned enterprises, lowered the VAT rate, income tax and company tax. Value added tax ( VAT) or goods and services tax ( GST) is a consumption Tax levied on value added.

His government also introduced the 35-hour workweek, provided additional health insurance for those on lowest incomes, promoted the representation of women in politics, and created the PACS - a civil partnership or union between two people, whether of opposite genders or not. The 35-hour working week is a measure adopted first in France, in February 2000 under Prime Minister Lionel Jospin 's Plural Left government In France, a pacte civil de solidarité ( English: "civil pact of solidarity" commonly known as a PACS /paks/ (or During his term, with the help of a favorable economic situation, unemployment fell by 900,000. There were several women but no members of ethnic minorities in Jospin's government.

Jospin mostly steered clear of foreign policies during his ministerial positions. However, in 2000, he denounced Hezbollah's "terrorist attacks against Israeli soldiers and civilian populations", a position markedly more pro-Israel than that of president Chirac. Hezbollah (حزب الله, literally " party of God " is a Shi'a Islamic political and Paramilitary organisation For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. On February 26, when visiting Birzeit University, stones were thrown at him by Palestinian students, resulting in a minor injury. Birzeit University ( BZU) (جامعة بيرزيت is a University located in the town of Birzeit near Ramallah. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn [2]

Jospin with Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Jospin with Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

Jospin was a candidate in the presidential campaign of 2002. Childhood and education Grand Duke Henri has four siblings Archduchess Marie Astrid of Austria (b The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002 and a runoff election between the top two candidates ( Jacques Chirac and While he appeared to have momentum in the early stages, the campaign came to be focused mainly on law-and-order issues, in which, it was argued, the government had not achieved convincing results; this coincided with a strong focus of the media on a number of egregious crime cases. The Prime Minister was also strongly criticized by the far left for his moderate economic policies, which, they contended, were not markedly different from that of a right-wing government favoring businesses and free markets. Many left-wing candidates contested the election, gaining small percentages of the vote in the first ballot, chipping away at Jospin's support. As a result, Jospin narrowly polled in third place, behind Chirac and the Front National leader Jean-Marie Le Pen, and thus did not go through to the runoff second round of voting. The National Front ( FN, Front national is a French Far right, Nationalist Political party, founded in 1972 by Jean-Marie Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, 1928, La Trinité-sur-Mer, Brittany, France) is a French far-right Nationalist

Following his defeat in April 2002, Jospin immediately declared his decision to leave politics and stepped down as Prime Minister. He has since made episodic comments on current political affairs; for instance, he declared his opposition to same-sex marriage. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same In 2005, he returned to the national political scene by campaigning forcefully in favor of the proposed European Constitution. The Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe (TCE commonly referred to as the European Constitution, was an unimplemented international Treaty intended

In autumn 2006, he declared he was "available" to be the Socialist candidate to the 2007 presidential election. The 2007 French presidential election, the ninth of the Fifth French Republic was held to elect the successor to Jacques Chirac as president of France However with Ségolène Royal looking to win it, Jospin renounced his candidacy in order not to "divide the party". Marie-Ségolène Royal (born 22 September 1953 in Dakar, Senegal, then a French colony known as, (seɡɔlɛn ʁwajal is a

Personal life

On 5 June 2001, Lionel Jospin confessed before the Parliament that he had maintained links with a trotskyist formation "in the 1960s" and had maintained links with Pierre Lambert's party (the Internationalist Communist Organization, OCI) after his entrance in the Socialist Party in 1971 [2]. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. This article is about the French Trotskyist leader Pierre Lambert Boussel should not be confused with Pierre Lambert, the United Nations interpreter For the unrelated Italian left communist group see the Internationalist Communist Organisation (Italy. Jospin was recruited into the OCI, when he was studying at the ENA, by Boris Fraenkel, one of the founder of the OCI. He became an active member of the OCI after quitting the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1968, under the pseudonym of "Michel. " Although he declined to locate with precision his rupture with the Lambertists, Le Monde newspaper alleged it was in 1986-87, a year before becoming minister, while Lambert himself implicitly situated it in 1988 [2]. Le Monde (The World is a Jospin himself stated that he had only maintained "private relationship" with OCI members after his entrance to the PS [3].

Jospin had concealed before this relationship with the OCI, which followed a strategy of entrism into other parties, and specifically denied it when asked about it later (he claimed in 1995 that this rumor came from a confusion with his brother Olivier [2]). Entryism (or entrism or enterism) is a political tactic by which an organisation encourages members to infiltrate another organisation in an attempt to gain recruits In 2001, investigative journalists and successive revelations by former Communist associates showed him to have been lying, and he confessed the truth. Having lied hurt him politically more than having been in a cell of the revolutionary left, and the political damage was not severe or long-lasting in France — where a number of left-wing and right-wing politicians have been found to have had stints with radical groups in their youth, then later denying them or blaming them on youthful indiscretion (see Occident, Alain Madelin for instance). Occident ( 1964 - 1968) was a French far-right Militant Political group, often described as Fascist -leaning Alain Madelin (born March 26, 1946) is a French Politician and a former minister of that country

Jospin's Ministry, 4 June 1997 - 7 May 2002

Changes

References

  1. ^ (English) [http://www.clubmadrid.org The Club of Madrid is an independent organization dedicated to strengthening democracy around the world by drawing on the unique experience and resources of its Members – 66 democratic former heads of state and government.
  2. ^ a b c Le Monde, 1st January 2002, "L'aveu de Lionel Jospin sur ses 'relations' avec une formation trotskiste
  3. ^ L'aveu de Lionel Jospin, Radio France International, June 2002 (French)
Preceded by
François Mitterrand		 First Secretary of the Socialist Party
1981–1988		 Succeeded by
Pierre Mauroy
Preceded by
René Monory		 Minister of National Education
1988–1992		 Succeeded by
Jack Lang
Preceded by
Christian Bergelin		 Minister of Sport
1988–1991		 Succeeded by
Frédérique Bredin
Preceded by
Henri Emmanuelli		 First Secretary of the Socialist Party
1995–1997		 Succeeded by
François Hollande
Preceded by
Alain Juppé		 Prime Minister of France
1997–2002		 Succeeded by
Jean-Pierre Raffarin
Preceded by
Francois Mitterrand		 Socialist Party Presidential candidate
1995 (lost), 2002 (lost)		 Succeeded by
Ségolène Royal

See also

External links

Le Monde (The World is a Radio France Internationale (RFI was created in 1975 as part of Radio France by the Government of France to serve as a broadcast vehicle for French Equatorial François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. Pierre Mauroy (born 5 July 1928 in Cartignies) is a French Socialist politician René Monory (born June 6, 1923, in Loudun) is a French Centre-right Politician. The Ministry of National Education Advanced Instruction and Research (Ministre de l'Éducation nationale de l'Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche or simply "Minister of Jack Mathieu Émile Lang (born 2 September 1939 is a French Politician and a member of the French Socialist Party. Christian Bergelin (April 15 1945 - March 26 2008 was a French politician The Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports ("Ministre de la Jeunesse et des Sports" alternatively translated "Minister of Youth and Sports" is in the Government Henri Emmanuelli (born on May 31 1945 is a French politician A member of the Socialist Party ( Parti socialiste or PS he has been deputy for Landes The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. François Hollande (born August 12, 1954) is a French Politician. Alain Marie Juppé (born 15 August 1945 is a French right-wing politician who served as Prime Minister of France from 1995 to 1997 under President Jacques Chirac The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Jean-Pierre Raffarin (born 3 August 1948 is a French conservative Politician and senator for Vienne. François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist Presidential elections took place in France on 23 April and 7 May 1995 to elect the fifth president of the Fifth Republic. The 2002 French presidential election consisted of a first round election on 21 April 2002 and a runoff election between the top two candidates ( Jacques Chirac and Marie-Ségolène Royal (born 22 September 1953 in Dakar, Senegal, then a French colony known as, (seɡɔlɛn ʁwajal is a The Politics of France take place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic Republic, whereby the President of France Early Modern France Chief Ministers of the French Kings Armand Jean du Plessis Cardinal Richelieu 1624-1642 Jules Cardinal
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic