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Linseed oil
Linseed oil

Linseed oil, also known as flax seed oil or simply flax oil, is a clear to yellowish drying oil derived from the dried ripe seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum, Linaceae). A drying oil is an Oil which hardens to a tough solid film after a period of exposure to air Flax (also known as common flax or linseed) (binomial name Linum usitatissimum) is a member of the genus Linum Flax (also known as common flax or linseed) (binomial name Linum usitatissimum) is a member of the genus Linum The Linaceae is a family of Flowering plants mostly Herbaceous or rarely woody plants sometimes large Trees in the tropics It is obtained by pressing, followed by an optional stage of solvent extraction. Liquid-liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two Cold-pressed oil obtained without solvent extraction is marketed as flaxseed oil.

Contents

Uses

Paint binder

Linseed oil is the most commonly used carrier in oil paint. Oil paint is a type of slow-drying Paint consisting of small Pigment particles suspended in a Drying oil. It can also be used as a painting medium, making oil paints more fluid, transparent and glossy. It is available in varieties such as Cold Pressed, alkali refined, sun Bleached, sun thickened, and polymerised (stand oil).

Putty

Glazing putty, consisting of a paste of chalk powder and linseed oil, is a traditional sealant for glass windows that dries hard within a few weeks and can then be overpainted. Putty is a generic term for a plastic material similar in texture to Clay or Dough typically used in domestic construction and repair as a sealant or filler Chalk (ʧɔːk is a soft white porous Sedimentary rock, a form of Limestone composed of the Mineral Calcite.

Wood finish

When used as a wood finish, linseed oil does not cover the surface as varnish does, but soaks into the (visible and microscopic) pores, leaving a shiny but not glossy surface that shows off the grain. Wood finishing refers to the process of embellishing and/or protecting the surface Wood treated with linseed oil is resistant to denting and scratches are easily repaired, but the wood and oil surface is not as hard as a modern varnish, and it slowly absorbs moisture if allowed to stay wet. Varnish is a transparent, hard protective finish or film primarily used in Wood finishing but also for other materials Soft wood benefits from the protection from denting but requires more applications and even more drying time than harder wood does, if the grain is to be completely filled. The oil penetrates deeply and fills the grain, because it dries slowly and shrinks little or not at all on hardening. Like other oil finishes Garden furniture treated with linseed oil may develop mildew. Garden furniture, also called patio furniture, is a type of Furniture specifically designed for Outdoor use Mildew refers to certain kinds of Mold or Fungus. In Old English, it meant honeydew (a substance secreted by Aphids on leaves formerly Linseed oil is not completely denatured, so it can encourage rather than discourage mildew growth. Oiled wood is yellowish and darkens with age.

It is a traditional finish for gun stocks, but a very fine finish may require months to obtain. Several coats of linseed oil is the traditional protective coating for the raw willow wood of cricket bats, and thus has a special cultural place in cricket-playing countries. Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries

Fire departments treat the wood handles of hand tools that have metal implements (axes, plaster hooks etc. ) on them with Linseed oil as it does not create static electricity, unlike synthetic wood finishes like varnishes. For the science of static charges see Electrostatics Static electricity refers to the accumulation of excess Electric charge in a

Linseed oil is often used by billiards/pool cue-makers for the shaft portion of the cue. Pocket billiards, most commonly referred to as pool, is the general term for a family of games played on a specific class of Billiards table, having 6 receptacles A cue stick (or simply cue, or more specifically pool cue, snooker cue, or billiards cue) is an item of sporting equipment essential to the

Nutritional supplement

Food-grade flaxseed oil is cold-pressed, obtained without solvent extraction, and marketed as edible flaxseed oil. Fresh, refrigerated and unprocessed, linseed oil is used as a nutritional supplement. It contains high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, especially alpha-linolenic acid, which has been suggested to be beneficial for reducing inflammation leading to atherosclerosis,[1] preventing heart disease and arrhythmia,[2] and is required for normal infant development. n −3 fatty acids (popularly referred to as ω−3 fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated Fatty acids that α -Linolenic acid ( ALA) is an organic compound found in many common vegetable oils. [3] However recent well-controlled placebo studies suggest that regular consumption of flax seed oil may not reduce the risk of stroke, heart disease, or cancer any greater than placebo. Placebo is a substance or procedure a patient accepts as medicine or therapy but which has no specific therapeutic activity [4] Regular flaxseed oil contains between 52 and 63 % alpha linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3). Plant breeders have developed flaxseed with high alpha linoleic acid content (70 %) and very low alpha linolenic acid content (< 3%). [5]

Although flax seeds themselves contain lignans, a class of phytoestrogens considered to have antioxidant and cancer preventing properties,[6][7][8] the extracted linseed oil does not contain the lignans found in flax seed,[6] and therefore does not have the same antioxidant properties. The lignans are a group of Chemical compounds found in Plants particularly in flax seed Phytoestrogens, sometimes called "dietary estrogens" are a diverse group of naturally occurring non steroidal plant compounds that because of their structural similarity with Vitamins Vitamin A (retinol also synthesized by the body from Beta-carotene, protects dark green yellow and orange vegetables and fruits from The lignans are a group of Chemical compounds found in Plants particularly in flax seed In fact, flax seed oil is easily oxidized, and rapidly becomes rancid with an unpleasant odor unless refrigerated. Refrigeration is the process of removing Heat from an enclosed space or from a substance and moving it to a place where it is unobjectionable Even when kept under cool conditions it has a shelf life of only a few weeks. [9][10] Oil with an unpleasant or rancid odour should be discarded. Rancid oils contribute to the formation of free radicals and may be carcinogenic. The term carcinogen refers to any substance Radionuclide or radiation that is an agent directly involved in the promotion of Cancer or in the fatation of its propagation [11][12][13] Oxidation of flax seed oil is major commercial concern, and antioxidants may be added to prevent rancidification. Rancidification is the decomposition of Fats Oils and other Lipids by Hydrolysis or Oxidation, or both [14]

Nutrient content

Typical Fatty Acid Content[15]  %
Palmitic acid 6. Palmitic acid,CH3(CH214COOH or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is one of the most common saturated Fatty acids found in animals 0
Stearic acid 2. Stearic acid (first syllable rhymes with either bear or gear) ( IUPAC Systematic name: octadecanoic acid) is a saturated 5
Arachidic acid 0. Arachidic acid, also called eicosanoic acid, is a saturated Fatty acid found in Peanut oil 5
Oleic acid 19. Oleic acid is a Monounsaturated omega-9 Fatty acid found in various animal and vegetable sources 0
Linoleic acid 24. Linoleic acid (LA is an unsaturated Omega-6 fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid 1
Linolenic acid 47. 4
Other 0. 5

Nutrition information from the Flax Council of Canada. [6]

Per 1 Tbsp (14 g)

Flax seed oil contains no significant amounts of protein, carbohydrates, or fibre. In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which n −3 fatty acids (popularly referred to as ω−3 fatty acids or omega-3 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated Fatty acids that n −6 fatty acids (popularly referred to as ω−6 fatty acids or omega-6 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated Fatty acids n −9 fatty acids (popularly referred to as ω−9 fatty acids or omega-9 fatty acids) are a family of unsaturated Fatty acids which

Additional uses

Boiled linseed oil

Boiled linseed oil is used as a paint binder or as a wood finish on its own. In Agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any Foodstuff that is used specifically to feed Domesticated Livestock, such as Caulking is a process used to seal the seams in Wooden Boats or ships and riveted iron or steel ships in order to make them watertight Linoleum is a Floor covering made from solidified Linseed oil (linoxyn in combination with Wood flour or cork dust over a Burlap or Canvas An earthen floor, also called an adobe floor is a floor made of dirt raw earth or other unworked ground materials Adobe bricks are a Natural building material made from Sand, Clay, water and some kind of fibrous or Organic material ( Sticks, A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Polishing is the process of creating a smooth and shiny surface by using rubbing or a chemical action leaving a surface with significant Specular reflection and minimal ' Compo ' is a mouldable resin worked either by hand or more usually pressed into moulds to produce decorative work Paint is any Liquid, liquifiable or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque Solid Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Heating the oil makes it polymerize and oxidize, effectively making it thicker and shortening the drying time. A polymer is a large Molecule ( Macromolecule) composed of repeating Structural units typically connected by Covalent Chemical bonds Today most products labeled as "boiled linseed oil" are a combination of raw linseed oil, petroleum-based solvent and metallic dryers. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit The use of metallic dryers makes boiled linseed oil inedible. There are some products available that contain only heat-treated linseed oil, without exposure to oxygen. Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Heat treated linseed oil is thicker and dries very slowly. These are usually labeled as "polymerized" or "stand" oils, though some may still be labeled as boiled.

Spontaneous combustion

Rags dampened with boiled linseed oil are considered a fire hazard because they provide a large surface area for oxidation of the oil. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state The oxidation of linseed oil is an exothermic reaction which accelerates as the rags get hotter. In Thermodynamics, the word exothermic "outside heating" describes a process or reaction that releases Energy usually in the form of Heat, but Thermal runaway refers to a situation where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that causes a further increase in temperature leading to a destructive result If rate of heat accumulation exceeds the rate of dissipation, this reaction may eventually become sufficiently hot to cause spontaneous combustion of the rags. Spontaneous combustion is a type of Combustion which occurs without an external ignition source Such rags should be washed, soaked with water or incinerated to avoid this. Linseed oil soaked rags should never be stored in an enclosed container. An example of this occurred at the El Rey Theater-Golden West Saloon in February 2008, which was destroyed in a fire ignited by the spontaneous combustion of linseed oil soaked rags. [1] [2]

See also

References

  1. ^ Diane H. Flax (also known as common flax or linseed) (binomial name Linum usitatissimum) is a member of the genus Linum The National Linseed Oil Trust of St Louis Missouri was a major company trust formed in 1885 to protect linseed interests in the United States Morris. Flax Reduces Inflammation Leading to Atherosclerosis. New Flax Facts. Flax Council of Canada.
  2. ^ Diane H. Morris. ALA and Other Omega-3 Fats May Protect Against Arrhythmia. New Flax Facts. Flax Council of Canada.
  3. ^ Diane H. Morris. Omega-3 Fats Are Essential For Infants. New Flax Facts. Flax Council of Canada.
  4. ^ Nigel Hawkes. "The benefits of fish and linseed oils as elixir of life are another health myth", Times Online, March 24, 2006. Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled  
  5. ^ Thompson, Lilian U and Cunnane, Stephen C. eds (2003). Flaxseed in human nutrition. 2nd ed. . AOCS Press, 8-11. ISBN 1-893997-38-3.  
  6. ^ a b c Flax - A Healthy Food. Flax Council of Canada. Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
  7. ^ Diane H. Morris. Flax - A Smart Choice. New Flax Facts. Flax Council of Canada.
  8. ^ Flaxseed Oil. University of Maryland Medical Center (April 2002). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days
  9. ^ Flax Seed Oil Capsules. Flax Seed Oil. Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled ]
  10. ^ Flax Seed Oil. Busy Women's Fitness. Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
  11. ^ Rebecca Wood (August/September 2002). Flax Seed. Sentient Times. Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
  12. ^ Get the Facts on Flax. Dr. Andrew Weil's Self Healing (September 2006). Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
  13. ^ Dr. Andrew Weil (May 31, 2005). Are Nuts a Healthy Nibble?. Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled
  14. ^ D. Berab, D. Lahirib and A. Naga (June 2006). "Studies on a natural antioxidant for stabilization of edible oil and comparison with synthetic antioxidants". Journal of Food Engineering 74 (4): 542-545. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.03.042. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  15. ^ Linseed. Interactive European Network for Industrial Crops and their Applications (October 14, 2002). Retrieved on 2008-01-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled

External Links


Dictionary

linseed oil

-noun

  1. An oil, extracted from flax seeds, used as a drying agent in paints, varnishes etc.
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