| Lincoln Memorial | |
|---|---|
| (National Memorial) | |
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| Location: | Washington, District of Columbia |
| Coordinates: | Coordinates: |
| Area: | 107. National Memorial is a designation in the United States for a Protected area that commemorates a historic person or event Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. 43 acres (0. 43 km²) |
| Built/Founded: | 1912 |
| Architect: | Multiple |
| Architectural style(s): | Greek Revival |
| Added to NRHP: | October 15, 1966 |
| Visitation: | 3,638,806 (in 2005) |
| NRHP Reference#: | 66000030 |
| Governing body: | National Park Service |
The Lincoln Memorial is located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It is a United States Presidential memorial built to honor the 16th President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln. The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries predominantly in northern Europe and the United States The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The National Mall is an open-area National park in Downtown Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Presidential memorials in the United States honor the various Presidents of the United States and seek to perpetuate their legacies The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The architect was Henry Bacon, the sculptor was Daniel Chester French, and the painter of the interior murals was Jules Guerin. Henry Bacon ( November 28 1866 &ndash February 17 1924) an American Beaux-Arts Architect, is best remembered Daniel Chester French ( April 20 1850 &ndash October 7 1931) was an American sculptor. Jules Guerin ( November 18, 1866 &ndash June 13, 1946) American Muralist painter and Illustrator
The building is in the form of a Greek Doric temple and contains a large seated sculpture of Abraham Lincoln and inscriptions of two well-known speeches by Lincoln. The Doric order was one of the three '''orders''' or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or Classical architecture; the other two Canonical The memorial has been the site of many famous speeches, including Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech, delivered on August 28, 1963, during the rally at the end of the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader " I Have A Dream " is the popular name given to the historic public speech by Martin Luther King Jr Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a large political rally that took place in Washington D
Like other monuments on the National Mall, including the nearby Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Korean War Veterans Memorial, and National World War II Memorial, the Lincoln Memorial is administered by the National Park Service under its National Mall and Memorial Parks group. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is a national War memorial located in Washington D The Korean War Veterans Memorial is located in Washington DC 's West Potomac The US National World War II Memorial is a National Memorial dedicated to The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation National Mall and Memorial Parks (also known as National Capital Parks-Central) is an administrative The National Memorial has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since October 15, 1966. National Memorial is a designation in the United States for a Protected area that commemorates a historic person or event The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. It is open to the public 24 hours a day. In 2007, it was ranked seventh on the List of America's Favorite Architecture by the American Institute of Architects. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In 2007 the American Institute of Architects asked Harris Interactive to survey 2000 people who were shown 247 photographs of buildings and other structures in different categories The American Institute of Architects (AIA is a professional organization for Architects in the United States.
Contents |
Design and construction
The Lincoln Monument Association was incorporated by the United States Congress in March 1867 to build a memorial to Lincoln. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses A site was not chosen until 1901, in an area that was then swampland. Congress formally authorized the memorial on February 9, 1911, and the first stone was put into place on Lincoln's birthday, February 12, 1914. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The monument was dedicated by Former President and Chief Justice William Howard Taft on May 30, 1922, a ceremony attended by Lincoln's only surviving child, Robert Todd Lincoln. William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Robert Todd Lincoln ( August 1, 1843 &ndash July 26, 1926) was an American lawyer and politician and the first son of President The stone for the building is Indiana limestone and Yule marble, quarried at the town of Marble, Colorado. Indiana Limestone or Bedford Limestone is a common term for Salem limestone, a Geological formation primarily quarried in south central Indiana Yule Marble is found in the West Elk Mountains of Colorado near the town of Marble Colorado ( Marble is a Statutory Town in Gunnison County, Colorado, United States. The Lincoln sculpture within is made of Georgian marble, quarried at the town of Tate, Georgia. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Tate is an unincorporated town in Pickens County, Georgia, United States. In 1923, designer Henry Bacon received the Gold Medal of the American Institute of Architects, his profession's highest honor, for the design of the memorial. Henry Bacon ( November 28 1866 &ndash February 17 1924) an American Beaux-Arts Architect, is best remembered The American Institute of Architects (AIA is a professional organization for Architects in the United States. Originally under the care of the Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks, it was transferred to the National Park Service on August 10, 1933
Standing apart from the somewhat triumphal and Roman manner of most of Washington, the memorial takes the severe form of a Greek Doric temple. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Doric order was one of the three '''orders''' or organizational systems of Ancient Greek or Classical architecture; the other two Canonical It is 'peripteral,' with 36 massive columns, each 37 feet (10 m) high, surrounding the cella of the building itself, which rises above the porticos. For the Spanish town see Cella Spain Naos redirects here For other meanings see Naos (disambiguation. A portico is a Porch that is leading to the entrance of a building or extended as a Colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway supported by Columns As an afterthought, the 36 columns required for the design were seen to represent the 25 U.S. states at the time of Lincoln's death, as well as the 11 seceded States, and their names were inscribed in the entablature above each column. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government An entablature (ɛnˈtæblətʃɚ Latin, and tabula, a tablet) refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above The names of the 48 states of the Union when the memorial was completed are carved on the exterior attic walls, and a later plaque commemorates the admission of Alaska and Hawaii in 1959.
Interior
The main influence on the style of the Lincoln Memorial was the Temple of Zeus at Olympia, Greece. Daniel Chester French ( April 20 1850 &ndash October 7 1931) was an American sculptor. The Temple of Zeus at Olympia is an ancient Greek pagan temple dedicated to the chief of the gods Zeus. The focus of the memorial is Daniel Chester French's sculpture of Lincoln, seated on a throne. Daniel Chester French ( April 20 1850 &ndash October 7 1931) was an American sculptor. French studied many of Mathew Brady's photographs of Lincoln and depicted the President as worn and pensive, gazing eastwards down the Reflecting Pool toward the capital's starkest emblem of the Union, the Washington Monument. Note that Mathew B Brady spelled his first name with only one "t" This page is about reflecting pools in general for the pools in Washington D The Washington Monument is a large tall sand-colored Obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington D Beneath his hands, the Roman fasces, symbols of the authority of the Republic, are sculpted in relief on the seat. Fasces (ˈfæsiːz a Plurale tantum, from the Latin word fascis, meaning "bundle" symbolize summary power and Jurisdiction The statue stands 19 feet 9 inches (6 m) tall and 19 feet (6 m) wide, and was carved from 28 blocks of white Georgia marble.
.jpg/200px-Lincoln_Memorial_(south_wall_interior).jpg)
The central cella is flanked by two others. The Gettysburg Address is a speech by US President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. In one, Lincoln's Gettysburg Address is inscribed on the south wall, and in the other, Lincoln's second inaugural address is inscribed on the north wall. The Gettysburg Address is a speech by US President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address on March 4, 1865, at the start of his second term as President of the United On the latter, the word Future was carved with an E instead of F and had to be filled in and can still be seen today. Above the texts are a series of murals by Jules Guerin that depict an angel (representing truth), the freeing of a slave (on the south wall, above the Gettysburg Address) and the unity of the American North and South (above the Second Inaugural Address). Jules Guerin ( November 18, 1866 &ndash June 13, 1946) American Muralist painter and Illustrator The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 On the wall behind the statue, and over Abraham's head is this dedication:
IN THIS TEMPLE
AS IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE
FOR WHOM HE SAVED THE UNION
THE MEMORY OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN
IS ENSHRINED FOREVER
Events at the memorial
In 1939, and at the suggestion of Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Harold L. Ickes, the Secretary of the Interior, arranged for Marian Anderson to perform from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial , to a live audience of 70,000, and a nationwide radio audience. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (ˈɛlɪnɔr ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 11 1884 &ndash November 7 1962 Harold LeClair Ickes ( March 15, 1874 &ndash February 3, 1952) was a United States administrator and Politician WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Marian Anderson (February 27 1897 – April 8 1993 was an American
On August 28, 1963, the memorial grounds were the site of one of the greatest political rallies in American history, the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, which proved to be a high point of the American Civil Rights Movement. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was a large political rally that took place in Washington D The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African It is estimated that approximately 250,000 people came to the event, where they heard Martin Luther King, Jr., deliver his memorable speech, "I Have a Dream," before the memorial honoring the president who had issued the Emancipation Proclamation 100 years earlier. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader " I Have A Dream " is the popular name given to the historic public speech by Martin Luther King Jr The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. D. C. police also appreciated the location because it was surrounded on three sides by water, so that any incident could be easily contained. [2] A marked tile on the memorial's steps shows where Dr. King stood. On August 28, 1983, crowds gathered again to mark the 20th Anniversary Mobilization for Jobs, Peace and Freedom, to reflect on progress in gaining civil rights for African Americans, and to commit to correcting continuing injustices. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar)
The site has had its share of unusual events. On May 9, 1970, President Richard Nixon had a remarkable middle-of-the-night impromptu, brief meeting with protestors preparing to march against the Vietnam War just days after the Kent State shootings. Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the aftermath of the American Invasion of Cambodia on April 30 1970 and the killing of four students at Kent State University on May 4 Opposition to US involvement in the Vietnam War is significant because domestic protest in the U IMPORTANT After careful consideration the title "Kent State Shootings" has been applied in this article rather than "Kent State Massacre For President Bush's 2001 inauguration celebration, the Rockettes dance troupe kicked their legs in the air while marching down the monument's steps. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The Rockettes are a well-known precision dance company out of the Radio City Music Hall in Manhattan, New York City. On November 27, 2006, the memorial was partially closed when a suspicious liquid was found in a bathroom. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Also found was an "anthrax threat letter", according to authorities. Anthrax is an acute Disease in humans and animals caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis which is highly lethal in some forms
Urban legends
There are a number of urban legends associated with the memorial. Some have claimed that Robert E. Lee's face is carved onto the back of Lincoln's statue. Another popular legend is that Lincoln is shown using sign language to represent his initials, with his left hand shaped to form an "A" and his right hand to form an "L". The National Park Service denies both stories. However, historian Gerald Prokopowicz writes that, while it is not clear that sculptor Daniel Chester French intended Lincoln's hands to be formed into sign language versions of his initials, it is possible that French did intend it, since he was familiar with American Sign Language, and he would have had a reason to do so, i. e. , to pay tribute to Lincoln for having signed the federal legislation giving Gallaudet University, a university for the deaf, the authority to grant college degrees. Gallaudet University is a federally chartered quasi-governmental University for the education of the Deaf and Hard-of-hearing, located in Washington [1] Further confirming that Lincoln's hands may actually contain hidden sign language signs, the National Geographic Society's publication, "Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D. C. " states that Daniel Chester French had a son that was deaf and the sculptor was familiar with sign language. [3]
The Lincoln Memorial on U. S. currency
The Lincoln Memorial is shown on the reverse of the United States one cent coin, which bears Lincoln's portrait on the front. The Lincoln cent is the current one cent coin of the US Dollar. The memorial also appears on the back of the U. S. five dollar bill, the front of which also bears Lincoln's portrait. The United States five-dollar bill ($5 is a denomination
See also
References
- ^ National Register Information System. The Emancipation Memorial, also known as the Freedman’s Memorial or the Emancipation Group, and sometimes referred to as the " Lincoln Memorial National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service (2007-01-23). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor
- ^ Jennings, Peter; Brewster, Todd. The Century. Doubleday, 1998
- ^ Evelyn, Douglas E. and Paul A. Dickson. On this Spot: Pinpointing the Past in Washington, D. C. (National Geographic Society, 1999). ISBN 0-7922-7499-7
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