Limonite is an ore consisting in a mixture of hydrated iron(III) oxide-hydroxide of varying composition. A number of species are dubbed iron(III oxide-hydroxide. These chemicals are Oxide - Hydroxides of Iron, and may occur in Anhydrous (( or The generic formula is frequently written as FeO(OH)·nH2O, although this is not entirely accurate as limonite often contains a varying amount of oxide compared to hydroxide.
Together with hematite, it has been mined as ore for the production of iron. Hematite, also spelt hæmatite, is the Mineral form of Iron(III oxide (Fe2O3 one of several Iron oxides Mining is the extraction of valuable Minerals or other geological materials from the earth usually (but not always from an Ore body Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Limonite is heavy and yellowish-brown. It is a very common amorphous substance though can be tricky to find when mined with hematite and bog ore. Bog iron refers to impure Iron deposits that develop in bogs or Swamps by the Chemical or Biochemical Oxidation of iron carried
It is not a true mineral and it is composed by a mixture of similar hydrated iron oxide minerals, mostly goethite with lepidocrocite, jarosite, and others. Hydrate is a term used in Inorganic chemistry and Organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains Water. Altogether there are sixteen known Iron Oxides and oxyhydroxides Goethite, named after the German Polymath Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, is an iron bearing oxide mineral found in soil and other low temperature environments Lepidocrocite (γ-FeO(OH also called esmeraldite or hydrohematite, is an iron oxide-hydroxide Mineral. Jarosite is a basic hydrous Sulfate of Potassium and Iron with a chemical formula of KFe(III3(OH6(SO42 Limonite forms mostly in or near oxidized iron and other metal ore deposits and as sedimentary beds. Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of Limonite may occur as the cementing material in iron rich sandstones. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Also known as the Lemon Rock.
It is never crystallized into macroscopic crystals, but may have a fibrous or microcrystalline structure, and commonly occurs in concretionary forms or in compact and earthy masses; sometimes mammillary, botryoidal, reniform or stalactitic. In Materials science, a crystal is a Solid in which the constituent Atoms Molecules or Ions are packed in a regularly ordered repeating A botryoidal texture or Mineral habit is one in which the mineral has a globular external form resembling a bunch of grapes as derived from the Greek The colour presents various shades of brown and yellow, and the streak is always brownish, a character which distinguishes it from hematite with a red, or from magnetite with a black streak. It is sometimes called brown hematite or brown iron ore.
Limonite has been known to form pseudomorphs after other minerals such as pyrite, meaning that the chemical weathering transforms the crystal of pyrite into limonite but keeps the external shape of the pyrite crystal. Bog iron refers to impure Iron deposits that develop in bogs or Swamps by the Chemical or Biochemical Oxidation of iron carried In Geology, a pseudomorph is a Mineral compound resulting from a substitution process in which the appearance and dimensions remain constant but the mineral which It has also been formed from other iron oxides, hematite and magnetite; the carbonate siderite and iron rich silicates like some garnets. Siderite is also the name of a type of Iron Meteorite. ---- Siderite is a Mineral composed of Iron Carbonate Fe[[carbon The garnet group includes a group of minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives
It is named from the Greek word for meadow, in allusion to its occurrence as "bog-ore" in meadows and marshes. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Bog iron refers to impure Iron deposits that develop in bogs or Swamps by the Chemical or Biochemical Oxidation of iron carried A meadow is a field vegetated primarily by Grass and other non- Woody plants. In Geography, a marsh, or morass, is a type of Wetland which is subject
The hardness is variable, but generally in the 4 - 5. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various Minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer material 5 range. The specific gravity varies from 2. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the Density of a given solid or liquid substance to the density of water at a specific temperature and pressure typically 9 to 4. 3.
Uses of limonite
In the past bog ore or brown iron ore were mined as a source of iron. Iron caps or gossans of siliceous iron oxide typically forms as the result of intensive oxidation of sulfide ore deposits. Gossan is intensely Oxidized, weathered or decomposed rock usually the upper and exposed part of an Ore deposit or mineral vein Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state The term sulfide ( sulphide in British English) refers to several types of Chemical compounds containing Sulfur in its lowest Oxidation These gossans were used by prospectors as guides to buried ore. In addition the oxidation of sulfide deposits which contained gold mineralization often resulted in the concentration of gold in the iron oxide and quartz of the gossans. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79
Gold bearing limonite gossans were productively mined in the Shasta County, California mining district. Shasta County is a county located in the northern portion of the U Similar deposits were mined near Rio Tinto in Spain and Mount Morgan in Australia. The Río Tinto is a River in southwestern Spain that originates in the Sierra Morena mountains of Andalusia. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Mount Morgan is a town located in central Queensland, Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. In the Dahlonega gold belt in Lumpkin County, Georgia gold was mined from limonite rich lateritic or saprolite soil. Dahlonega is a city in Lumpkin County, Georgia, United States, and is its County seat. Lumpkin County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. Laterite (from the Latin word "later" meaning brick or tile is a surface formation in hot and wet tropical areas which is enriched in Iron and Aluminium Saprolite (from Greek σαπρος =putrid + lite is the name for a chemically weathered rock The gold of the primary veins was concentrated into the limonites of the deeply weathered rocks. In another example the deeply weathered iron formations of Brazil served to concentrate gold with the limonite of the resulting soils. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld
Limonite from occurrences with consistent color is used as the yellow-brown natural earth pigment ochre. For the drug referred to as "pigment" see Black tar heroin. Ochre or Ocher (pronounced /'əʊkə(r/ from the Greek ὠχρός yellow is a Color, usually described as golden - Yellow
See also
External links
- Abandoned Mine Research & History. Bog iron refers to impure Iron deposits that develop in bogs or Swamps by the Chemical or Biochemical Oxidation of iron carried Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted The various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within the Earth's crust.
- Mineral galleries
- Mindat
- Gold and limonite
Dictionary
limonite
-noun
- (mineralogy) any of several natural hydrous iron oxides; often a mixture of goethite and hemite with clays and manganese oxide
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