Lima
Top: Lima skyline, Middle: Plaza Mayor de Lima, Bottom left: Cathedral of Lima, Bottom right: Palace of Justice. Plaza ( / latin america) is a Spanish word related to "field" which describes an open urban Public space, such as a City square. The Basilica Cathedral of Lima is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in the Main Plaza of downtown Lima, Peru. The Palace of Justice (Palacio de Justicia is the the seat of the Supreme Court of Peru.
Flag Seal
Nickname: City of the Kings
Motto: Hoc signum vere regum est
Lima Province and Lima within Peru
Coordinates: 12°02.6′S 77°1.7′W / -12.0433, -77.0283
Country	Peru
Region	Lima Region
Province	Lima Province
Settled	January 18, 1535
Government
- Mayor	Luis Castañeda Lossio
Area
- City	804. The Flag of Lima consists of a gold background The city seal is shown in the center of the flag A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Political division Main article Districts of Lima The province is divided into 43 districts. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. The administrative divisions of Peru have changed from time to time since the nation gained independence from Spain in the early 19th century Lima Region, also known as Lima Provincias, is one of twenty-five regions of Peru. The provinces of Peru, known in Spanish as provincias, are the second-level administrative subdivisions of the country Political division Main article Districts of Lima The province is divided into 43 districts. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor The following is a list of Lima 's Mayors through the 20th and 21st centuries. Óscar Luis Castañeda Lossio is the current mayor of Lima, Peru. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 3 km² (310. To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² 5 sq mi)
- Water	75. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 7 km² (29. 2 sq mi)  5. 8%
- Urban	4,319. 9 km² (1,667. 9 sq mi)
Elevation	0 - 1,548 m (0 - 5,079 ft)
Population (2006)[1][2]
- City	7,819,436
- Density	8,544/km² (22,128. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/sq mi)
- Urban	7,629,407
- Metro	9,241,961
Time zone	PET (UTC-5)
Website: www.munlima.gob.pe

Lima is the capital and largest city of Peru. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, on a coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. The Chillón River is a River located in western Peru. Its waters are produced by the melting of ice in the Glaciers of the Andes, and its mouth The Rímac River is located in western Peru and is the most important source of Potable water for the Lima and Callao Metropolitan Area. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions It forms a contiguous urban area with the seaport of Callao. This article is about the administrative division For the city see Lima The Lima Metropolitan Area ( Spanish: Área Metropolitana Callao in Perupng see image description page at http//enwikipedia

Lima was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as La Ciudad de los Reyes, or "The City of Kings. This article is about the Spanish explorer soldiers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesfor other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation A Conquistador Francisco Pizarro González 1st Marqués de los Atabillos (c 1471 or 1476 &ndash 26 June 1541 was a Spanish Conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor " It became the most important city in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru and, after the Peruvian War of Independence, was made the capital of the Republic of Peru. Created in 1542 the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled At the time of the Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and the degradation of the Royal power took place and under the attack of Buenos Aires armies in Upper Peru Today around one-third of the Peruvian population lives in the metropolitan area. This article is about the administrative division For the city see Lima The Lima Metropolitan Area ( Spanish: Área Metropolitana

Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Geography 4 Climate 5 Demographics 6 Economy 7 Districts 8 Education 9 Transport 9.1 Air 9.2 Highways 9.3 Metro 9.4 El Metropolitano 9.5 Taxi 10 Culture 11 Sister cities 12 See also 13 References 14 External links

Etymology

The first name of the city was the City of the Kings (Spanish: Ciudad de los Reyes) because its foundation was decided on January 6, date of the feast of the Epiphany. Epiphany ( Greek for "to manifest" or "to show" is a Christian Feast day which celebrates the "shining forth" or revelation of However, this quickly fell into disuse, as "Lima" became the capital's name of choice. It is uncertain where this name originated; it may derive either from the Aymara word lima–limaq (yellow flower), or from Quechuan rimaq (talking), pronounced IPA: ['li-ma:] in the ancient local Quechua I variety. The Aymara are a native Ethnic group in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America; about 1 The Quechuan languages are a family of related Languages in South America. The Quechuan languages are a family of related Languages in South America. It is worth noting that the river that feeds Lima is still called Rimac, closer to the Quechua II pronunciation for "Talking river". The Quechuan languages are a family of related Languages in South America. Many speculate that the Spanish produced "Lima" in trying to reproduce what in fact was "Rimac," which they heard from local inhabitants. On the oldest Spanish maps of Peru, both Lima and Ciudad de los Reyes can be seen together as names for the city. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America.

History

Main article: History of Lima

During the early 16th century, the location of what is now the city of Lima was inhabited by several amerindian groups under the domination of the Inca Empire. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. The Inca Empire (or Inka Empire) was the largest empire in Pre-Columbian America. In 1532, a group of Spanish conquistadors led by Francisco Pizarro defeated the Inca ruler and took over his empire. This article is about the Spanish explorer soldiers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuriesfor other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation A Conquistador Francisco Pizarro González 1st Marqués de los Atabillos (c 1471 or 1476 &ndash 26 June 1541 was a Spanish Conquistador, conqueror of the Incan Empire The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was a process through which a group of forty (40 Spaniards led by Francisco Pizarro succeeded in toppling the Inca Pizarro initially chose the city of Jauja as his capital but found a better site in the valley of the Rímac River. Jauja is a town of 25000 people in central Peru, capital of a province with a population of 105000 The Rímac River is located in western Peru and is the most important source of Potable water for the Lima and Callao Metropolitan Area. There he founded his new capital on January 18, 1535 as Ciudad de los Reyes. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor The city gained prestige as it was designated capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru and site of a Real Audiencia in 1543. Created in 1542 the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled For the modern court see Audiencia Nacional of Spain. The Royal Audiencia and Chancellery ( Spanish: Real audiencia y chancillería The Western Hemisphere's first university, San Marcos University was established in 1551 and its first printing press in 1584. Major National University of Saint Mark (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos UNMSM is a public university in Lima, Peru. A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth thereby transferring an image It also became an important religious center, a Roman Catholic diocese was established in 1541 and converted to an archdiocese five years later. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. The Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lima is part of the Roman Catholic Church in Peru which enjoys full communion with the Holy

The city flourished during the 17th century as the center of an extensive trade network which extended as far as Europe and the Philippines. ^[3] However, it also suffered considerable damage from two earthquakes in 1630 and 1687. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer A constant danger to the city's commerce was the presence of pirates and privateers in the Pacific Ocean. Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering A privateer was a private Warship authorized by a country's Government by Letters of marque to attack foreign shipping To protect the city against them, Viceroy Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull built a wall around it between 1684 and 1687. Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull duque de de la Palata príncipe de Massa (sometimes Melchor de Navarra y Rocaful) (1626 Aragon &mdash April 13 The Lima City Walls were built by Viceroy Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull between 1684 and 1687 to protect Lima against attacks from pirates and Privateers In the 18th century, Lima had to be rebuilt after being almost completely destroyed by an earthquake on October 28, 1746. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1746 ( MDCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a This natural disaster led to the appearance of an intense devotion for the Lord of the Miracles, which has endured until today.

On July 28, 1821, José de San Martín declared the independence of Peru. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year José Francisco de San Martín Matorras, also known as José de San Martín ( 25 February 1778 – 17 August 1850) was an Argentine At the time of the Napoleonic invasion of the Iberian Peninsula and the degradation of the Royal power took place and under the attack of Buenos Aires armies in Upper Peru After the war, endemic political turmoil and lack of economic stability slowed Lima's recovery. In the mid 19th century, an economic boom sustained by guano exports allowed for several improvements to the city. Guano (from the Quechua 'wanu' via Spanish) is the Feces of Seabirds Bats and seals In 1872, the city walls were torn down to make way for the expansion of the city. During the 1879–1883 War of the Pacific, Chilean troops occupied Lima after defeating Peruvian resistance in the battles of San Juan and Miraflores destroying and burning some parts of the city. The War of the Pacific, sometimes called the Saltpeter War in reference to its original cause was fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia The Battle of Miraflores occurred on January 15, 1881 in the Miraflores District of Lima Peru The city went through a process of urban renewal and expansion from the 1890s up to the 1920s. In the 1940s, the city started a period of rapid growth spurred by immigration from the Andean regions of Peru. Population, estimated at 600,000 in 1940, doubled by 1960 and again by 1980. Growth far outstripped public services development, giving rise to large shanty towns, known as pueblos jóvenes, some of which have developed their infrastructure and become incorporated into Lima proper. Shanty towns (also called Squatter camps or Favelas are settlements (sometimes illegal or unauthorized of impoverished people who live in improvised Literally meaning "young towns" pueblos jóvenes is the nickname given to the vast Shanty towns that surround Lima and other cities of Peru

Geography

The urban area of Lima covers about 800 km². It is located on mostly flat terrain in the Peruvian coastal plain, within the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers. The Sechura desert, also known as the Peruvian Desert or the Peru-Chile Desert is a large stretch of desert extending north from the Atacama Desert along the northwestern The Chillón River is a River located in western Peru. Its waters are produced by the melting of ice in the Glaciers of the Andes, and its mouth The Rímac River is located in western Peru and is the most important source of Potable water for the Lima and Callao Metropolitan Area. The city slopes gently from the shores of the Pacific Ocean into valleys and mountain slopes located as high as 500 meters above mean sea level. Within the city exist isolated hills which are not connected to the surrounding hill chains, such as El Agustino, San Cosme, El Pino, La Milla, Muleria and Pro hills. The San Cristobal hill in the Rimac district, which faces directly north of the downtown area, is the local extreme of an Andean hill outgrowth.

Metropolitan Lima has an area of 2672. 28 km², of which 825. 88 km² (31%) comprise the actual city and 1846. 40 km² (69%) the city outskirts. The urban area extends around 60 km from north to south and around 30 km from west to east. The city center is located 15 km inland at the shore of the Rimac river, a vital resource for the city, since it carries what will become drinking water for its inhabitants and fuels the hydroelectrical dams that provide electricity to the area. While no official administrative definition for the city exists, it is usually considered to be composed of the central 30 out of the 43 districts of Lima Province, corresponding to an urban area centered around the historic Cercado de Lima district. Political division Main article Districts of Lima The province is divided into 43 districts. Lima (known in Spanish as Cercado de Lima) is a district of the Lima Province in Peru. The city is the core of the Lima Metropolitan Area, one of the ten largest metropolitan areas in the Americas. This article is about the administrative division For the city see Lima The Lima Metropolitan Area ( Spanish: Área Metropolitana This is a list of the largest Metropolitan areas in The Americas.

Climate

Lima's climate is quite mild, despite being located in the Tropics. Lima has a subtropical and desert climate, yet the microclimate also makes it very humid throughout the year. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. The temperatures vary from mild to warm (neither very cold or hot). The average temperature is 18 °C to 19 °C (60–65 °F). The lowest temperatures vary from 12 °C (50 °F) to around 20 °C (68 °F) and the high average is around 25 °C (78 °F), with 30 °C (86 °F) in the warmest of days.

Relative humidity is very high, and produces brief morning fog from June to December and persistent low clouds from May to November. Sunny, less moist and warm summers follow from December to April and are followed by cloudy, damp and cool winters (June to October). Rainfall is almost unknown. The yearly average of 0. 7 cm (0. 3in) reported at the airport is the lowest of any large metropolitan area in the world. Inland locations receive 1 to 6 cm of rainfall, which accumulates mainly during the winter months. Summer rain occurs in the form of isolated light and brief afternoon or evening events, leftover from afternoon storms that generate over the Andes. The peak of the 'rainy season,' which does not produce "rain" in the true sense of the word, occurs during winter when late-night/morning drizzle events (locally called 'garúa','llovizna' or 'camanchacas') become frequent, leaving a light coating of dampness on the ground. Camanchacas are Cloud banks that forms in the coast of Atacama Desert and moves inland All these climatic phenomena arise from the combination of semi-permanent coastal upwelling and the presence of the cold Humboldt Current just offshore. The Humboldt Current is a cold low- Salinity Ocean current that flows north-westward along the west coast of South America from the southern tip of Chile

One thing to take into consideration is that because of the coast, hills and valleys, the climate varies within Lima itself. For example, in winter, the Surco area of Lima, which is closer to the coast, is cool and damp. In contrast, the more elevated next district, La Molina, will be slightly warmer and drier. The Cieneguilla area, about 30 minutes drive to the east of La Molina, provides sunshine and spring-like weather seemingly year round. Lima is described as having micro-climates: while winter is generally winter in all of Lima, a 30 minute drive in any direction can result in a slightly warmer, drier, wetter or colder area depending on the elevation and distance to the coast. The same is true for the other seasons.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Lima

Lima ranks as the nineteenth most populous city in the world with an estimated population of 7. This is a list of the most populous cities of the World defined according to the concept of city proper. 6 million for the urban area, 7. 8 million for the entire province, and 9. Political division Main article Districts of Lima The province is divided into 43 districts. 2 million for the metropolitan area as of 2005. This article is about the administrative division For the city see Lima The Lima Metropolitan Area ( Spanish: Área Metropolitana ^[4] Its population features a very complex mix of racial and ethnic groups. Traditionally, Mestizos of mixed European (mostly Spanish) and Amerindian descent are the largest contingent. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. The second group has its origins in Europe, mostly of Spanish descent, but there are significant numbers of Italians, Germans, Jews, and Middle Easterners. The European peoples are the various Nations and Ethnic groups of Europe. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East.

The first settlement in what would become Lima was made up of only 117 housing blocks. In 1562, another district was built at the other side of the Rimac River and in 1610, the first stone bridge was built. Lima had, at this point in time, around 1600 inhabitants. In 1861, the amount of inhabitants surpassed 100,000, and by 1927 this amount was doubled.

During the early twenty century thousands of immigrants came to the city, a significant number of French, Italians and Germans, many of them had been adapting to the Peruvian society. They organized in social clubs, and they built their own schools; for example, The American Peruvian school which is located in Miraflores, The French Alliance (Alianza Francesa de Lima) and the hospital Maison de Sante. They also influenced Peruvian cuisine, the Italians in particular exerting a strong influence in the Miraflores and San Isidro areas with their restaurants, called Trattorias.

A great number of Chinese immigrants, and a lesser amount of Japanese, came to Lima and established themselves in the Barrios Altos neighborhood near downtown Lima, coming in order to work on farms and domestic services. Lima residents refer to their Chinatown as "Calle Capon," and the city's ubiquitous Chifa restraunts -- a small, sit-down, usually Chinese-run restaurant serving the Peruvian spin on Chinese cuisine -- can be found by the dozen in this Chinese enclave.

The 1950s saw the exponential increase of the city inhabitants, most of them Andean immigrants and their descendants, who settled in the northern and southern outskirts. The political and economic instability in Peru during the latter half of the twentieth century created unprecedented poverty and violence in the towns of the countryside or Andean highlands, forcing hundreds of thousands of peasants of Amerindian descent to migrate to Lima — thus greatly augmenting Lima's population. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. ^[5] In the 70’s, the lacking transportation facilities for the newcomers who had to travel for hours on end to reach the city center became a problem, and it was decided that Lima should not expand any further.

Unlike other ethnic groups in Lima who speak only Spanish, most of the peasant population that migrated to Lima speaks primarily Quechua or Aymara, rather than Spanish. Quechua ( Runa Simi) is a Native American language of South America. The Aymara are a native Ethnic group in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America; about 1 While a number of Amerindians eventually attain middle class status, others still live in shantytowns, known locally as pueblos jóvenes (young towns). Literally meaning "young towns" pueblos jóvenes is the nickname given to the vast Shanty towns that surround Lima and other cities of Peru These areas often lack such basic services as electricity and running water. Afro-Peruvians, initially brought to the region as slaves, are yet another part of the city's ethnic quilt, and Asians, an even smaller one. Afro Peruvians are citizens of Peru, descended from Black African Slaves who were brought to the New World with the arrival of the Conquistadors Asian or Asiatic is a Demonym for people from Asia. However the use of the term varies by country and person often referring to people from a particular

Economy

Lima is the industrial and financial center of Peru. It contains more than two thirds of its industrial production and most of its tertiary sector, and is home to many national companies.

The Metropolitan area, with around 7000 factories, spearheads the industrial development of the country, thanks to the quantity and quality of the available workforce, cheap infrastructure and the mostly developed routes and highways in the city. Workforce (Voyager episode The workforce is the labour pool in Employment. The most relevant industrial sectors are textiles, clothing and food. Chemicals, fish, leather and oil derivatives are also manufactured and/or processed in Lima. The financial district is located in the district of San Isidro, while much of the industrial activity takes place in the area stretching west of Downtown Lima to the airport in Callao.

The Callao seaport is one of the main fishing and commerce ports in South America, with 75% of the country's imports and exports using it as their entry/departure point. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The main export goods leaving the country through Callao are oil, steel, silver, zinc, cotton, sugar and coffee.

In 2004, Lima's GDP represented 45% of the country's GDP (5% more than the previous year). The GDP per capita was also higher in Lima (3525 dollars) than in the rest of the country (2625 dollars). Most of the foreign companies operating in the country have settled in Lima, which has led to the previously mentioned concentration of economic and financial activity on the city.

Districts

Main article: List of districts of Lima

Lima is made up of thirty densely-populated districts, each headed by a local mayor and the Mayor of Lima, whose authority extends to these and the thirteen outer districts of the Lima province. The province of Lima is divided into forty three districts of Lima (distritos which are administered by the Metropolitan Lima Municipal Council The city proper (urban area

The city's historic centre is located in the Cercado de Lima district, locally known as simply Lima, or as "El Centro" ("Downtown"), and it is home to most of the vestiges of Lima's colonial past, the Presidential Palace (Spanish: Palacio de Gobierno), the metropolitan municipal council (Spanish: Consejo municipal metropolitano de Lima), and dozens of hotels, some operating and some defunct, that used to cater to the national and international elite. The Historic Centre of Lima is one of the most important tourist destinations in Peru, and is located principally in the downtown or Cercado de Lima Lima (known in Spanish as Cercado de Lima) is a district of the Lima Province in Peru. Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense

The upscale San Isidro district is the city's financial center. It is home to many prominent figures such as politicians and celebrities. It is also where the main banks of Peru and branch offices of world banks are headquartered. San Isidro has many parks, including Parque El Olivar, which has olive trees that were brought from Spain during the seventeenth century.

Another upscale district is Miraflores, which has many luxury hotels, shops and restaurants. Miraflores has more parks and green areas in the south of Lima than most other districts. Larcomar, a popular shopping mall and entertainment center built on cliffs overlooking the Pacific Ocean, featuring bars, dance clubs, movie theaters, cafes, shops, boutiques and galleries, is also located in this district. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions

La Molina and Santiago de Surco, home to the American Embassy and the exclusive Club Polo Lima respectively, are the other two wealthy districts of Lima, with wealth being concentrated in small pockets of the city's other districts. La Molina is a district of the Lima Province in Peru, and one of the upscale districts that comprise the city of Lima.

The most densely-populated districts of Lima lie in the northern and southern ends of the city (Spanish: Cono Norte and Cono Sur, respectively), and they are mostly composed of Andean immigrants who arrived during the mid and late 20th century looking for better living standards and economic opportunities, or as refugees of the country's internal conflict with the Shining Path during the late 80s and early 90s. The Cono Norte is one of the six areas that make up the Lima Metropolitan Area. The Communist Party of Peru (Spanish Partido Comunista del Perú) more commonly known as the Shining Path ( Sendero Luminoso) is a Maoist In the case of Cono Norte(North Lima), certain shopping malls like Megaplaza and Royal Plaza have been recently built in the district of Los Olivos, which is the most residential neighborhood in the Northern part of Lima.

Barranco, which borders Miraflores by the Pacific Ocean, is known as the city's bohemian district, home or once home of many Peruvian writers and intellectuals like Mario Vargas Llosa, Chabuca Granda and Alfredo Bryce Echenique. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions This district has many acclaimed restaurants, music venues called "peñas" featuring the traditional folk music of coastal Peru (in Spanish, "música criolla"), and beautiful Victorian-style chalets. It along with Miraflores serves as the home to the foreign nightlife scene.

Education

The city has the largest concentration of higher-education institutions in the country (28 universities) and schools with world-wide recognition. The National University of San Marcos, founded on May 12, 1551 during Spanish colonial regime, is the oldest continuously functioning university in the Americas. Major National University of Saint Mark (Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos UNMSM is a public university in Lima, Peru. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Created in 1542 the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Other public universities also play key roles in teaching and research, such as the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina where ex-president Alberto Fujimori once taught, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, among others. La Molina National Agrarian University (Spanish Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina) ( UNALM) is a state-owned University in Lima, Alberto Ken'ya Fujimori (Japanese name) (born in Lima, Peru on July 28 1938 is a Peruvian and Japanese ref> Fujimori secures Japanese haven The National University of Engineering (Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería UNI) is a public Engineering and Science university located in Lima The Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, established in 1917, is the oldest private university. Pontifical Catholic University of Peru ( Spanish: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú ( PUCP) Other private institutions that are located in the city are Universidad de Lima, Universidad Científica del Sur, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Universidad del Pacifico, Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas and Universidad Ricardo Palma. The University of Lima (Universidad de Lima is a University in Lima, the capital of Peru. The Universidad Científica del Sur, or UCSUR, is a higher education and research institution located in Lima, Peru. Universidad San Martin is a Peruvian football club playing in the city of Lima. The university is specialized in Business Management and Economics, and is regarded as the best Peruvian university in these fields Cayetano Heredia University ( Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) or simply Cayetano Heredia) is a Private university located in Lima

Transport

Main article: Transportation of Lima

Air

Lima is serviced by air through Jorge Chávez International Airport, Peru's main hub for both national and international air traffic. ^[6]

Highways

The city of Lima in this interconnected roads from East to West, from South to North, has several ways in which express the highlights of Javier Prado and Grau.

Metro

Main article: Lima Metro

Lima has a rapid transit rail system in development called the Lima Metro; however, the project has been paralyzed since the 1980s, due to the economic crisis that Peru suffered more than 20 years ago. The "Urban Train of Lima" is the electric Mass transit system of the Lima Metropolitan Area in Peru. Nonetheless, in an agreement signed by Mayor Luis Castañeda and the former President Alejandro Toledo on February 17, 2005, it was concluded that the State would provide funding for finishing the Lima Metro. Established in the Constitution of 1993 the President of Peru, officially the President of the Republic ( Presidente de la República) is the Chief of Alejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique (born 28 March 1946 is a Peruvian Politician and Economist. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The "Urban Train of Lima" is the electric Mass transit system of the Lima Metropolitan Area in Peru. At the moment, a convocatoria (expression of interest) has been launched by government to give in concession what is left to be built of Line 1. The enterprise that would own the rights to build Line 1 will be announced on February, 2008. This line should be ready and working by 2009. The current project includes an above-ground mass-transit system which will link the downtown area with the financial district, San Isidro, and the southern suburbs. ^[7]

El Metropolitano

El Metropolitano of Transportation System, is an urban transport project that envisages the implementation of segregation Corridors of High Capacity Buses (COSAC), the main city of Lima. At the moment lies in the implementation of COSAC-South Corridor I, 15 km in length, between the Construction Matenilli in Chorrillos until Plaza Grau in Lima Centre.

Taxi

Finally, the taxi service in Lima is efficient and secure. Due to large margins of unemployment faced Peru in the eighties, the free importation of used cars and the fact that no authorization is required to provide municipal services, there is an over-supply of taxis.

In this basa its efficiency as at any time of day and anywhere in the city one can find a taxi to take you where you want to move. However, it is also unsafe because they are unaware of the identity of the driver is almost impossible and the subsequent location of the unit in extreme cases. The Metropolitan Municipality of Lima began several years ago the Metropolitan Taxi Service - SETAME through the registration of taxi drivers and vehicles painted a distinctive yellow. However, these measures have not succeeded fully as you can still find informal taxis that are not registered in SETAME.

In Lima taxis do not have taximeters and therefore the amount of the fee is negotiated at the time of taking the service. While there is some common sense in relation to the rates among taxi drivers and users, the final amount of the transaction depends on the negotiation that takes place at the time to deal with and which are considered various factors such as distance, the route (if highly congested, the service is more expensive), the number of passengers and time.

Currently there are several companies that operate taxis by telephone (radio-taxis) and give a better service. After the call to a central, collects the passenger vehicle and carry it to its destination. Also there are some companies that provide a unique service Remisse, especially for shipments to and from the airport or for the transfer of executive and VIP tourists within the city.

Culture

The Historic centre of Lima was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988 due to its large number of historical buildings dating from the Spanish colonial era. The Historic Centre of Lima is one of the most important tourist destinations in Peru, and is located principally in the downtown or Cercado de Lima United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex In particular, the Plaza Mayor, with the 16th century Cathedral and the Presidential Palace, and the catacombs of the Convento de San Francisco are popular tourist attractions. The Basilica Cathedral of Lima is a Roman Catholic cathedral located in the Main Plaza of downtown Lima, Peru. One of the most important expressions of the apogee of the republican stage is the impressive Government Palace which interior decoration causes admiration for its beauty Like many other world capitals, Lima is home to the most prestigious national museums, including the National Museum of Anthropology, Archeology, and History and the Rafael Larco Herrera Archaeological Museum, both in the Pueblo Libre district, the Museum of the Nation, the Museum of Art, the Museum of Italian Art, the Museum of the Inquisition, and many others. The Larco Museum (Museo Larco is located in the Pueblo Libre District in Lima, Peru. Pueblo Libre is a district of the Lima Province in Peru and one of the districts that comprise the city of Lima.

Many small beaches, which are heavily visited during the summer months, are located along the southern Pan-American Highway. The Pan-American Highway (see below for its name in other Western European languages is a network of Roads nearly 48000 kilometres (29800 miles in The most well-known ones are located in the districts of Santa María del Mar, Punta Hermosa, Punta Negra, San Bartolo and Pucusana. Punta Hermosa is one of 43 district of the Lima Province in Peru. The Peruvian district of Punta Negra is one of the 43 districts of the Province of Lima. Pucusana is a District in southern Lima Province in Peru. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean on the west the district of Santa María Lima's wealthy families usually go during summer to the highly exclusive beaches of Asia 97 kilometers south of Lima. The Asia District is one of 16 that forms Cañete Province, in Peru. Also, the district of Ancón, located north of the city, has a very popular beach resort. Ancón is a district of northern Lima Province in Peru. It is a popular Beach resort, visited every summer by hundreds of people from Lima Numerous restaurants, clubs and hotels have been opened in these places to serve the many beachgoers. Lima residents also flock to the beaches in the Miraflores district.

The suburban district of Cieneguilla and the town of Chosica (in the Lurigancho District) provide attractive green landscapes at a short distance from the city. South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Lurigancho is a district of the Lima Province in Peru, located in the valley of the Rímac River which it shares with neighboring Lurigancho is a district of the Lima Province in Peru, located in the valley of the Rímac River which it shares with neighboring Because of their elevation (over 500 meters), the sun shines in these areas even during winter and hence they are visited by residents of Lima to escape from the winter fog.

Lima has a world renowned cuisine, which fuses Andean and Spanish culinary traditions, as well as some African, Asian (mainly Chinese and Japanese), French, Italian and Muslim cuisine. The city is rapidly becoming world-famous for its seafood and unique vegetables, Creole, Peruvian–Chinese (called chifa) and fusion cuisine.

Sister cities

List of sister cities, designated by Sister Cities International:^[8]

• Arequipa, Perú
• Cusco, Perú
• Piura, Perú
• New York City, United States
• Los Angeles, United States
• Austin, United States, since 1981
• Cleveland, United States
• Miami, United States
• Bordeaux, France, since 1957
• Beijing, China, since November 21, 1983
• Madrid, Spain
• Mexico City, Mexico
• São Paulo, Brazil
• Tegucigalpa, Honduras
• Akhisar, Turkey
• Buenos Aires, Argentina
• Guadalajara, Mexico
• Montreal, Canada
• Bogotá, Colombia
• Cairo, Egypt
• Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom

See also

• Lima Metropolitan Area
• List of people from Lima
• List of districts and neighborhoods of Lima
• List of sites of interest in the Lima Metropolitan area

References

External links

• (Spanish) Municipality of Lima
• Geographia.com
• (Spanish) Maps
• Stock Exchange

• Lima travel guide from Wikitravel

Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

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