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Liliales
Lilium martagon (Martagon lily)
Lilium martagon (Martagon lily)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Liliales
Perleb
Families

See text

Liliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants. Lilium martagon ( Martagon or Turk's cap lily) is a species of lily. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Liliopsida is a Botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family Karl Julius Perleb (1794-1845 (also known as Carl Julius Perleb was a German Botanist and Natural scientist. Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae, but both the family and the order have had a widely disputed history, with the circumscription varying greatly from one taxonomist to another. The Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of Monocotyledons in the order Liliales. The best known representative of the order is the lily.

The APG II system (2003) places this order in the clade monocots and uses this circumscription:

Thus circumscribed, this order consists mostly of herbaceous plants, but lianas and shrubs occur. Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons The Alstroemeriaceae is a family of Flowering plants, with 200 Species in three or four genera, native to the Americas, from Central Campynemataceae is a Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Colchicaceae is a Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Corsiaceae is a family of Monocotyledonous Flowering plants. The APG II system (2003 treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade The Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of Monocotyledons in the order Liliales. Luzuriagaceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Melanthiaceae is a family of flowering perennial herbs in the Northern Hemisphere. Philesiaceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Rhipogonaceae (sometimes Ripogonaceae) is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Smilacaceae, the greenbrier family is a family of Flowering plants. A herbaceous plant (or in botanical use a Herb) is a Plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of They are mostly perennial plants, with food storage organs such as corms or rhizomes. A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than A corm is a short vertical swollen underground Plant stem that serves as a Storage organ used by some plants to survive winter or other adverse conditions In Botany, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a Plant that is usually found underground often sending out Roots and Shoots The family Corsiaceae is notable for being heterotrophs. A heterotrophs, or chemoorganotrophy ( Greek heterone = (another and trophe = nutrition is an Organism that requires

The order has worldwide distribution. The larger families (with more than 100 species) are roughly confined to the Northern Hemisphere, or are distributed worldwide, centering on the north. Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' On the other hand, the smaller families (with up to 10 species) are confined to the Southern Hemisphere, or sometimes just to Australia or South America. Southern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is South of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The total number of species in the order is now about 1300.

As with any herbaceous group, the fossil record of the Liliales is rather scarce. A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. There are several species from the Eocene, such as Petermanniopsis anglesaensis or Smilax, but their identification is not definite. The Eocene epoch (558 ± 02 - 339 ± 01 Ma) is a major division of the Geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in Another known fossil is Ripogonum scandens from the Miocene. The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene period and extends from about 23 Due to the scarcity of data, it seems impossible to determine precisely the age and the initial distribution of the order. It is assumed that the Liliales originate from the Lower Cretaceous, over 100 million years ago. The Cretaceous (kriːˈteɪʃəs, usually abbreviated 'K' for its German translation "Kreide" is a geologic period and system, reaching from the end of The initial diversification to the families took place between 82 and 48 million years ago (Vinnersten and Bremer, 2001).

The APG system (1998) also placed the order in the clade monocots, but with a slightly different circumscription (missing the family Corsiaceae):

The Cronquist system (1981) placed the order in subclass Liliidae in the class Liliopsida [= monocotyledons] of division Magnoliophyta [= angiosperms]. A system of plant taxonomy, the Cronquist system is a scheme for the classification of flowering plants (or Angiosperms) Liliidae is a Botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used Liliopsida is a Botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group It used a much wider circumscription (many of the plants here are assigned to Asparagales and Dioscoreales by APG II):

The Thorne system (1992) placed the order in superorder Lilianae in subclass Liliidae [= monocotyledons ] of class Magnoliopsida [= angiosperms] and used this circumscription:

The Dahlgren system placed the order in superorder Lilianae in subclass Liliidae [= monocotyledons] of class Magnoliopsida [= angiosperms] and used this circumscription:

In the Engler system (1964 update) a similar order was named Liliiflorae, placed in the class Monocotyledoneae of the subdivision Angiospermae. Asparagales is an order of Flowering plants The order must include the family Asparagaceae, but other families included in the order have varied markedly Dioscoreales is a Botanical name for an order of Flowering plants. Agavaceae is a family of Plants that includes many well-known Desert and dry zone types such as the Agave, Yucca, and Joshua Asphodelaceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Tecophilaeaceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Dioscoreaceae is a Family of Monocotyledonous Flowering plants, with about 750 Species in eight or nine genera. Haemodoraceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Hanguanaceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Iridaceae is a family of plants in Order Asparagales, taking its name from the Irises. Philydraceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Pontederiaceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. Smilacaceae, the greenbrier family is a family of Flowering plants. Stemonaceae is a family of Flowering plants, consisting of three or four genera with between 25-35 species Dioscoreaceae is a Family of Monocotyledonous Flowering plants, with about 750 Species in eight or nine genera. Velloziaceae is a Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Xanthorrhoeaceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. A modern system of plant taxonomy, the Thorne system (1992 of plant classification was drawn up by the botanist Robert F Lilianae is a Botanical name, in use for a superorder (that is a rank higher than that of order) Liliidae is a Botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its thumb|230px|''Trillium erectum'' Trilliaceae is the Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. One of the modern systems of plant taxonomy, the Dahlgren system was published by monocot specialist Rolf Dahlgren. Calochortaceae is a family of Flowering plants. It is recognised by only a few systems of plant taxonomy, including the Dahlgren system, which placed it Uvulariaceae is a Botanical name of a family of Flowering plants. One of the prime systems of plant taxonomy, the Engler system was devised by Adolf Engler. Liliiflorae is a Botanical name, which may be used for a taxon at a rank above that of family, but not for a rank where Art 16 or 17 of the Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group

The Wettstein system, last revised in 1935, used names similar to those in the Engler system: the order was named Liliiflorae placed in the class Monocotyledones of the subdivision Angiospermae. A system of plant taxonomy, the Wettstein system recognised the following main groups according to I In circumscription the order was fairly similar to that of Cronquist.

Earlier names for this order include the Coronarieae of the Bentham & Hooker system. An early taxonomic system, the Bentham & Hooker system for seed plants was published in: (available online at Gallica The system recognises the

References

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