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“Like a Rolling Stone”
Single by Bob Dylan
from the album Highway 61 Revisited
B-side "Gates of Eden"
Released July 20, 1965
Format 7" single
Recorded June 15, 1965
Genre Rock
Length 6:09
Label Columbia
Producer Tom Wilson
Bob Dylan singles chronology
"Maggie's Farm"
(1965)		 "Like a Rolling Stone"
(1965)		 "Positively 4th Street"
(1965)
Highway 61 Revisited track listing
"Like a Rolling Stone"
(1)		 "Tombstone Blues"
(2)
 Music sample:

Bob Dylan - "Like a Rolling Stone"

30 seconds (of 6:10)
Problems listening to the file? See media help. Highway 61 Revisited is Bob Dylan 's sixth studio album released in 1965 by Columbia Records. A-side and B-side originally referred to the two sides of 7 inch Vinyl records on which singles were released beginning in the 1950s Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing Thomas Blanchard Wilson Jr ( March 25, 1931 – September 6, 1978) was an American Record producer best known for his work in the " Maggie's Farm " is a song by Bob Dylan, recorded on January 15, 1965, and released on the album Bringing It All Back Home " Positively 4th Street " is a song written and performed by Bob Dylan, first recorded by Dylan in New York City on July 29, 1965

"Like a Rolling Stone" is a song by American songwriter Bob Dylan. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major One of his best-known and most influential works, it began life as a short story Dylan had written before developing it as a song and recording it in 1965.

The track was released as a single in July 1965, and also appeared on Dylan's album Highway 61 Revisited. Highway 61 Revisited is Bob Dylan 's sixth studio album released in 1965 by Columbia Records. At over six minutes in length, it was only tentatively played in its entirety on the radio, yet still reached #2 in the charts. It received criticism by Dylan fans for its harder rock sound, a noticeable difference from the artist's earlier folk music. This dramatic change in style was particularly apparent when the song was played live; it was at one of these events that "Judas" was yelled by a crowd member.

The song dramatically affected the music world and popular culture, as well as Dylan's image and iconic status. It has been covered by a number of artists, including a notable version by Jimi Hendrix. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Rolling Stone magazine ranked it the greatest song of all time. Rolling Stone is a United States -based Magazine devoted to Music, Politics, and Popular culture that is published In his 1988 speech inducting Dylan into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Bruce Springsteen recalled, "The first time I heard Bob Dylan, I was in the car with my mother listening to WMCA, and on came that snare shot that sounded like somebody had kicked open the door to your mind". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a Museum located on the shores of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland Ohio, United States WMCA, 570 AM, is a Radio station in New York City, most known for its "Good Guys" Top 40 era in the 1960s [1]

Contents

Recording

The basis of "Like a Rolling Stone" was a twenty-page story written by Dylan. It was, according to him, "just a rhythm thing on paper all about my steady hatred, directed at some point that was honest. "[2] From the story, Dylan wrote four verses and one chorus in Woodstock, New York. Woodstock is a town in Ulster County, New York, United States. [3] The song was written on an upright piano in the key of G sharp; it was changed to C on the guitar when recorded. [4] The song was originally written in 3/4 (waltz) time, and with a length of 1:36, was much shorter than the released 4/4 version. The waltz is a ballroom and folk Dance in time, performed primarily in Closed position. The time signature (also known as " meter signature" is a notational convention used in Western Musical notation to specify how many beats [5]

The song was recorded by Dylan on June 15, 1965, and concluded the next day. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. [6] The recording took place in Studio A of Columbia Records in New York City,[7] and was produced by Tom Wilson. [8]

The musicians included Mike Bloomfield on guitar, Al Kooper on organ, Paul Griffin on piano, Josef Mack on bass, and Bobby Gregg on drums. For the astronaut see Michael J Bloomfield. Michael Bernard Bloomfield ( July 28 1943, Chicago, Illinois Al Kooper (born Alan Peter Kuperschmidt, February 5 1944, in Brooklyn, New York) is an American Songwriter, [8] Kooper, a teenage guitarist, was originally not supposed to play at all, but was a guest of Tom Wilson. [9] However, Wilson was not present at the time when Kooper sat down with his guitar with the other musicians. By the time Wilson returned, Kooper was away in the control room. Wilson moved Griffin from hammond organ to piano. The Hammond organ is an electric organ which was invented by Laurens Hammond in 1934 and manufactured by the Hammond Organ Company Kooper then went to Wilson, saying that he had a good part for the organ. Wilson belittled Kooper's organ abilities but, as Kooper later said, "He just sort of scoffed at me. . . . He didn't say no—so I went out there. " Wilson agreed when he saw Kooper on the organ. [10]

On the first day of recording, five takes of the song were done; however, the song was never completed in its entirety. There was no sheet music; the recording was utter chaos. [2] Instead, the song was played by ear; its essence was found as it went along. In take four, the chorus was reached. This take would appear on the bootleg series, volumes 1-3 [rare and unleased] in 1991 and in James Marshs's film Highway 61 Revisited. In this take, Dylan reached the chorus and plays a harmonica solo, after which Dylan interrupts the take. [11]

On day two of recording, two rehearsal takes and fifteen takes were completed. Take four would be the master take, the take that would appear on the Highway 61 Revisited album. Take four was the only time that the song was ever "found". After this take was completed, Wilson said happily, "That sounds good to me. "[12] In the last take, the musicians lost the beat after "tricks for you", and poorly finished the rest of the song, ending the session. During the playback, Dylan asked Wilson to turn up the organ in the mix. Wilson replied, "Hey man, that cat's not an organ player. " Dylan was beginning to tire of Wilson: "Hey, now don't tell me who's an organ player and who's not . . . Just turn the organ up," he ordered. [13] According to Kooper, "that was the moment I became an organ player!"[14]

Release and live performances

"Like a Rolling Stone" was released as a 45 rpm single on July 20, 1965. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. [15][16] The song's six-minute length caused Columbia Records to reject its release as a single. Bob Johnston, Dylan's new producer, released the song anyway. Despite its length, it became Dylan's biggest hit to that date,[14] remaining in the U. S. charts for twelve weeks and rising to #2 behind The Beatles' song "Help!". The Beatles were a pop and rock band from Liverpool, England formed in 1960 " Help! " is a song by The Beatles that served as the title Song for both the album Help! and the film Help!. [2][17] When released, the first two verses and two refrains were put on one side of the vinyl, while the rest of the song was put on the other side. That way, if an emcee wanted to play the whole song, he or she could simply flip the vinyl over. [18]

Dylan first performed the song live at the Newport Folk Festival on July 25, 1965. The Newport Folk Festival is an American annual folk -oriented Music festival in Newport Rhode Island, which began in 1959 Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. [19] Mike Bloomfield, Dylan's guitarist, said that the singer wore "rock'n'roll clothes". The audience denounced Dylan for his use of electric guitars; they felt that it marked his entry into the world of, as Bloomfield puts it, "greasers, heads, dancers, people who got drunk and boogied. "[16] Dylan stumbled through the song, and it fell back to a 3/4 waltz by the end of the performance. [16]

On May 17, 1966, Dylan and his band performed the song at Manchester Free Trade Hall. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Before "Like A Rolling Stone" began, a member of the crowd infamously yelled "Judas!" at Dylan, symbolizing how Dylan "betrayed" the purists by using electric instruments. Judas Iscariot, יהודה איש־קריות Yəhûḏāh ʾΚ-qəriyyôṯ was according to the New Testament, one of the twelve original apostles Dylan responded, "I don't believe you. You're a liar!" and told his band to "play it fucking loud". [19] Highway 61 Revisited was issued at the end of August, and when Dylan went on tour that fall, "Like a Rolling Stone" took the closing slot on his playlist and held it, with rare exceptions, through the end of his 1966 "world tour," as well as during his return to touring in 1974 with The Band. The Band was a rock group active from 1967 to 1976 and again from 1983 to 1999

In addition to its inclusion on Highway 61 Revisited, the standard studio recording of the song can be found on four other official albums: Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits,[20] Biograph,[21] The Essential Bob Dylan,[22] and Dylan. Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits is the eighth album released by Bob Dylan on Columbia Records, catalogue CK 65975 Biograph is a 53-track compilation spanning the career of Bob Dylan, from his 1962 debut album to the 1981 LP Shot The Essential Bob Dylan is a compilation by Bob Dylan, released as a double-CD set in 2000 part of Columbia Records ' " The Essential Dylan (stylized as DYLAN on the cover is a 2007 Compilation album by Bob Dylan, released on October 1, 2007. [23] An early, incomplete studio recording was included on The Bootleg Series Volumes 1-3 (Rare & Unreleased) 1961-1991. The Bootleg Series Volumes 1–3 (Rare & Unreleased 1961–1991 is a compilation box set by Bob Dylan. [11] The following albums feature live performances of the song: Self Portrait, Before the Flood, Bob Dylan at Budokan, MTV Unplugged, The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966, The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert,[22] The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack,[24] and The Band's Rock of Ages. Self Portrait is Bob Dylan 's 10th studio album released by Columbia Records in 1970 Before the Flood is a 1974 Live album by Bob Dylan and The Band, documenting the Bob Dylan and The Band 1974 Tour. Bob Dylan at Budokan is a Live album by Bob Dylan, released in 1979 ( 1978 in Japan by Columbia Records. MTV Unplugged is a Live album by Bob Dylan, released in 1995 by Columbia Records was reissued in 2007 by Sony The Bootleg Series Vol 4 Bob Dylan Live 1966 The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert is a live recording from Bob Dylan 's legendary "world tour" The Bootleg Series Vol 7 No Direction Home The Soundtrack is the second most recent installment in the Bob Dylan "Bootleg Series" of rare and/or officially Rock of Ages The Band in Concert is The Band 's fifth album A live disc chronicling their series of shows at New York City 's Academy of [25]

Theme

The song's lyrics do not clearly identify the subject; one common school of thought centers on Edie Sedgwick, an actress and model. Edith Minturn "Edie" Sedgwick ( April 20, 1943 &ndash November 16, 1971) was an American actress Socialite Sedgwick is often identified as a figure in other Dylan songs of the time, particularly "Just Like a Woman" from Blonde on Blonde. This article is about the song for the 1992 film see Just Like a Woman (film. Blonde on Blonde is Singer-songwriter Bob Dylan 's seventh Studio album, released in 1966 by Columbia Records. However, Dylan is believed to have begun an association with Sedgwick in the autumn of 1965, after "Like a Rolling Stone" was recorded,[26] while other sources claim that the meeting was in December of 1964. [27] Joan Baez has also been considered a possible target of Dylan's words. Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known [14]

Others have claimed to see a deeper meaning. Mike Marqusee has written at length on the conflicts in Dylan's life at this time, with its deepening alienation from his old folk-revival audience and clear-cut leftist causes. Mike Marqusee (born 1953 is an American-born writer journalist and political activist in London He suggests that the song is probably self-referential. Thus: "The song only attains full poignancy when one realises it is sung, at least in part, to the singer himself: he's the one 'with no direction home. '"[28]

Cover versions

Many artists have covered "Like a Rolling Stone", among them Johnny Thunders,[29] The Four Seasons,[30] The Rascals,[31] Cher,[32] Judy Collins,[33] The Rolling Stones,[34] and Jimi Hendrix, who played a version live at the Monterey Pop Festival. Johnny Thunders, born John Anthony Genzale Jr ( July 15, 1952 - April 23, 1991) was an Italian American Rock and roll The Rascals (initially known as The Young Rascals) were an American soul and rock group of the 1960s Cher ( IPA: /ʃɛr/ born Cherilyn Sarkisian, May 20 1946 Judith Marjorie Collins (born May 1, 1939 in Seattle, Washington) is an American folk and standards Singer James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Hendrix was an avid fan of Bob Dylan, and especially liked "Like a Rolling Stone. " "It made me feel that I wasn't the only one who'd ever felt so low. . . " Hendrix said. [35] After the first verse, Hendrix skipped to the fourth. Hendrix played his version with an electric guitar, and is described thus:

Huge chords ride over the beginning of each verse like rain clouds; the tune is taken very slowly, with Hendrix’s thick, street-talk drawl sounding nothing at all like Dylan’s Midwestern dust storm. ”[36]

The song has also been covered in various languages. Lars Winnerbäck did a performance of the song in Swedish called "Som en hemlös själ", literally "Like a Homeless Soul". [37] Articolo 31 covered an Italian version called "Come una Pietra Scalciata",[38] which is in fact a cover of the 1993 cover of "Like a Rolling Stone" by the Mystery Tramps. A hip-hop song, Articolo 31's version contains overdubs of a confused girl's voice and a rap. This version contains only three of the verses of the song, and is only four and a half minutes long, but contains four and a half times more words than Dylan's song. [39]

Legacy

The song has influenced popular culture and pop music across the U. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure S. The success of the single's release, following other successful Dylan singles and covers, made Dylan a pop icon, in addition to his status as a folk singer.

Dylan had been famous, had been the center of attention, for a long time. But now the ante was being upped again. He'd become a pop star as well as a folk star. . . and was, even more than the Beatles, a public symbol of the vast cultural, political, generational changes taking place in the United States and Europe. He was perceived as, and in many ways functioned as, a leader. [40]

Many aspects of the song influenced music that followed. Dylan's raw voice, which is compared to Muddy Waters',[41] displays the "personal accusation"[2] of the song. For the album by Redman, see Muddy Waters (album. For the college football coach see Muddy Waters (football coach. Kooper's "apocalyptic charge"[2] on the organ accompanied with Dylan's singing "keep [the song] from being just another icy hipster bitch session. . . . "[41] Dylan's voice has an edge that nears "heartbreak". [41]

The six-minute length, considered too long to be put on a single at the time, has also influenced music. It gave more opportunities for future songs to be singles, without the time constraint that was previously an issue. [2] The length of "Like a Rolling Stone" also challenged radio airings. The song, though it was not always flipped to the B-side for the second half, still challenged the average three-minute length of songs that aired on the radio. [42]

In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine declared "Like a Rolling Stone" the greatest song of all time, declaring, "No other pop song has so thoroughly challenged and transformed the commercial laws and artistic conventions of its time. "[2] When asked about the accolade in his 2004 interview with Ed Bradley on 60 Minutes, Dylan was bemused, saying he never paid attention to such polls, as they changed frequently:

Bradley: "But as a pat on the back, Bob. Edward Rudolph Bradley Jr ( June 22, 1941 – November 9, 2006) was an American Journalist, best known for 26 years Not to be confused with the BBC news magazine program Sixty Minutes (TV series. . . "
Dylan: "This week it is. But, you know, who's to say how long that's gonna last?"[43]

Notes

  1. ^ Corliss, Richard (24 May 2006). Bob Dylan at 65. TIME. Retrieved on 2008-05-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Like A Rolling Stone: Greatest Song of All Time. Rolling Stone (09 Dec 2004). Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
  3. ^ Shelton (1986), p. 319–320
  4. ^ Creswell (2006), p. 534
  5. ^ Heylin (2003), p. 203
  6. ^ Considine, Shaune (3 Dec 2004). The Hit We Almost Missed. New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  7. ^ Marcus (2006), p. 203
  8. ^ a b Greil Marcus on Recording 'Like A Rolling Stone'. NPR (11 April 2005). Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  9. ^ Marcus (2006), p. 104
  10. ^ Marcus (2006), p. 110–111
  11. ^ a b Marcus (2006), p. 203–210
  12. ^ Marcus (2006), p. 211–225
  13. ^ Sounes (2001), p. 217–218
  14. ^ a b c Gill (1998), p. 82–83
  15. ^ Jacobs, Ron (12 Apr 2005). Exploring the Unmapped Country. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
  16. ^ a b c How does it feel?. Guardian News and Media, Ltd. (13 May 2005). Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
  17. ^ Help!. Rolling Stone (09 Dec 2004). Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
  18. ^ Marcus (2006), p. 3
  19. ^ a b Bob Dylan - Like A Rolling Stone. IPC Media. Retrieved on 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
  20. ^ Bob Dylan: Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits. Columbia Records. Retrieved on 2008-05-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
  21. ^ Bob Dylan: Biograph. Columbia Records. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
  22. ^ a b Bob Dylan: Like a Rolling Stone. Columbia Records. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
  23. ^ Dylan: The Album. Columbia Records. Retrieved on 2008-05-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
  24. ^ The Bootleg Series, Vol. 7: No Direction Home. MTV Studios. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  25. ^ The Band: Rock of Ages. Rolling Stone (21 October 1972). Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  26. ^ Gill (1998), p. 103
  27. ^ No Direction Home. BBC (20 June 2007). Retrieved on 2008-06-07. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins
  28. ^ Marqusee (2003), p. 157
  29. ^ Jungle Records - Johnny Thunders - Born Too Loose. Jungle Records. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  30. ^ The 4 Seasons Sing Big Hits by Burt Bacharach...Hal David...Bob Dylan. MTV. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  31. ^ The Rascals: The Young Rascals. Artistdirect, Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  32. ^ Cher. MTV Networks. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  33. ^ Judy Collins: Judy Sings Dylan...Like A Woman. Artistdirect. com. Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  34. ^ Stripped (CD) By the Rolling Stones. Tower. com, Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  35. ^ Lawrence (2005), p. 32
  36. ^ Marcus (2005), p. 89
  37. ^ Bjorner, Olof. Coversongs. Retrieved on 2008-05-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  38. ^ Come Una Pietra Scalciata. Yahoo!, Inc. . Retrieved on 2008-05-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  39. ^ Marcus (2005), p. 81–82
  40. ^ Williams, Paul (2004). Bob Dylan: Performing Artist. London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0711935548.  
  41. ^ a b c Marsh (1999), p. 9
  42. ^ Marcus (2005), p. 145
  43. ^ "Dylan Looks Back". 60 Minutes. Not to be confused with the BBC news magazine program Sixty Minutes (TV series. 2004-12-05. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations.

References

External links

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