Citizendia

Lidia Zamenhof
BornJanuary 29, 1904(1904-01-29)
Warsaw, Russian Empire
Died1942
Treblinka
Other namesLidja
Known forActivity in
Esperanto movement and Bahá'í Faith
Religious beliefsBahá'í Faith
ParentsL. L. Zamenhof (1859–1917)
Klara Zamenhof (1863–1924)

Lidia Zamenhof (1904 - 1942) (sometimes Lidja in Esperanto) was the youngest daughter of Dr. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Treblinka II was a German Extermination camp in occupied Poland during World War II. The language Esperanto is often used to access an international Culture, including a large body of original as well as translated literature. The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof (ˈzɑːmɨnhɒf in English born Eliezer Samenhof December 15 1859 &ndash April 14 1917 was an ophthalmologist, Philologist Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof (ˈzɑːmɨnhɒf in English born Eliezer Samenhof December 15 1859 &ndash April 14 1917 was an ophthalmologist, Philologist is by far the most widely spoken constructed International auxiliary language in the world She was born on January 29, 1904 in Warsaw, then Russian Empire. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya She was an active promoter of Esperanto, as well as Homaranismo, a form of religious humanism first defined by her father. Homaranismo (roughly "Humanitarianism" or "Humanitism" is an Esperanto word used by its creator Ludwig Zamenhof, to describe his philosophy Religious humanism is an integration of religious Rituals and/or beliefs with humanistic philosophy that centers on Human needs interests and

Around 1925 she became a member of the Bahá'í Faith. The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind [1] She came to the United States in late 1937 to teach that religion as well as Esperanto. In December 1938 she went back to Poland, where she continued to teach and translated many Bahá'í writings. Bahá'í literature, like much Religious text, covers a variety of topics and forms including scripture and inspiration interpretation history and biography [2] She was killed at the Treblinka extermination camp in the autumn 1942. Treblinka II was a German Extermination camp in occupied Poland during World War II.

Contents

Life

Lidia Zamenhof learned Esperanto as a nine year old girl. At the age of fourteen she had already done translations from Polish literature; her first publications appeared several years thereafter. Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. The majority of Polish literature was written in the Polish language, though other languages used in Poland Having completed her university studies in law in 1925, she dedicated herself totally to working for Esperanto. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the same year during the 17th World Congress in 1925 in Geneva she became acquainted with the Bahá'í Faith. The World Congress of Esperanto (in Esperanto Universala Kongreso de Esperanto) has the longest tradition among international Esperanto conventions with Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind Lidia Zamenhof became secretary of the homaranistic Esperanto-Society Concord in Warsaw and often made arrangements for speakers and courses. Homaranismo (roughly "Humanitarianism" or "Humanitism" is an Esperanto word used by its creator Ludwig Zamenhof, to describe his philosophy Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Starting at the Vienna World Congress in 1924 she attended every World Congress. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The World Congress of Esperanto (in Esperanto Universala Kongreso de Esperanto) has the longest tradition among international Esperanto conventions with As an instructor of the Cseh method of teaching Esperanto she made many promotional trips and taught many courses in various countries.

She actively coordinated her work with the student Esperanto movement — in the International Student League, in the UEA, in the Cseh Institute, and in the Bahá'í Faith. The World Esperanto Association (in Esperanto UEA: Universala Esperanto-Asocio) is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers

Additionally, Lidia Zamenhof wrote for the journal Literatura Mondo (mainly studies on Polish Literature), and also contributed to Pola Esperantisto, La Praktiko, Heroldo de Esperanto, and Enciklopedio de Esperanto. Heroldo de Esperanto ( Esperanto Herald) is a magazine published in Esperanto. Encyclopedia of Esperanto may refer to three different attempts of creating an encyclopedia of all Esperanto topics Her translation of Quo Vadis by Sienkiewicz was published in 1933 and is very well known. Quo Vadis A Narrative of the Time of Nero, commonly known as Quo Vadis, is a Historical novel written by Henryk Sienkiewicz. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In 1937 she went to the United States for a long stay. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In December 1938 she had to leave the United States as that country's Immigration Service declined to extend her visa for the illegal "paid labor" of teaching Esperanto. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Immigration and Naturalization Service ( INS) was a part of the United States Department of Justice and handled legal and illegal Immigration After returning to her homeland she travelled around the country teaching Esperanto and the Bahá'í Faith.

Under the German occupation regime of 1939, her home in Warsaw became part of the Warsaw ghetto. The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest of the Jewish Ghettos located in the territory of General Government during World War II, established by She was arrested under the charge of having gone to the United States to spread anti-Nazi propaganda,[3] but after a few months, she was released and returned to her home city where she and the rest of her family remained confined. There she endeavored to help others get medicine and food. She was offered help and escape several times by Polish Esperantists but refused in each case. To one man who offered, she explained, "you and your family could lose your lives, because whoever hides a Jew perishes along with the Jew who is discovered. " To another, her explanation was contained in her last known letter: "Do not think of putting yourself in danger; I know that I must die but I feel it is my duty to stay with my people. God grant that out of our sufferings a better world may emerge. I believe in God. I am a Bahá'í and will die a Bahá'í. Everything is in His hands. " [4]

In the end she was swept up in the mass transport to the extermination camp in Treblinka, where she was eventually killed sometime after the summer of 1942. Treblinka II was a German Extermination camp in occupied Poland during World War II. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Memorial

In her memory and honor a meeting was held in 1995 at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in the capital city of the United States, Washington D.C. The meeting called attention to the endeavors by Esperantists to save persecuted Jews during the Second World War. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is a national institution located adjacent to The National Mall in Washington D The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Works

Translations

  1. Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era by John Ebenezer Esslemont, an extensive book about the Bahá'í Faith;
  2. Paris Talks by `Abdu'l-Bahá;
  3. Iridiono by the classic Polish author, Zygmunt Krasinski;
  4. novellas by Bolesław Prus;
  5. Quo Vadis, by Henryk Sienkiewicz;

Original works in Esperanto

Literature about Zamenhof

Drama

The documentary drama Ni vivos! (We will live!) by Julian Modest depicts the fate of the Zamenhof family in the Warsaw ghetto.

Notes

  1. ^ Smith, Peter (2000). "Zamenhof, Lidia". A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. p. 368. ISBN 1-85168-184-1.  
  2. ^ Famous Baha'is. adherents. com (2005-12-06). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
  3. ^ Heller, Wendy Lidia, The Life of Lidia Zamenhof Daughter of Esperanto, 1985, pp. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) 234-235
  4. ^ Heller, Wendy Lidia, The Life of Lidia Zamenhof Daughter of Esperanto, 1985, pg. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) 240

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