Lida (Belarusian: Лі́да, Russian: Ли́да, Lithuanian: Lyda, Polish: Lida) is a city in western Belarus in Hrodna Voblast, situated 160 km west of Minsk. The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Hrodna Voblast or Grodno Oblast (Гродзенская вобласць Гродненская область is a Voblast ( Province) in northwestern Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers It is the fourteenth largest city in Belarus.
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Name
Name Lida derived from river's name Lidzeya, which origin associated with Lithuanian language appellative word Lyda - Lydimas, meaning woman from Lydia, an ancient kingdom in western Asia . Lithuanian ( lietuvių kalba) is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. [1]
History
Medieval origin
There are passing mentions of Lida in chronicles from 1180. Until the early 1300's the settlement at Lida was a wooden fortress. In 1323, the Grand Duke of Lithuania Gediminas built a brick fortress there. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Gediminas (ca 1275 – winter 1341 was the Monarch of medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the title lt didysis kunigaikštis (вялікі князь 1380 is generally considered the founding year of the city of Lida. The fortress with stood Crusader attacks from Prussia in 1392 and 1394 but it was burned to the ground in 1710. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Year 1710 ( MDCCX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year Following the death of Gediminas, when Lithuania was divided into principalities, Lida became the capital of one of them, the seat of Algirdas. Gediminas (ca 1275 – winter 1341 was the Monarch of medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the title lt didysis kunigaikštis (вялікі князь Algirdas, (ɑlgərdɑːs known as Olgierd Альгерд Ольгерд b
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Lida was in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje In the second half of the 14th century, after the Christianization of Lithuania the Catholic parish was established in former pagan lands and a Church was built by Jogaila (ruins are still preserved). The Christianization of Lithuania (Lietuvos krikštas was the event that took place in 1387 initiated by the Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches Lithuanian mythology is an example of pagan Mythology containing archaic elements developed by Lithuanians throughout the centuries Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. Subsequently in 15th century town became a centre of production by craftsmen and trade. Lida was connected with Vilnius, Navahrudak and Minsk. Navahrudak, Novgorodok or Novogrudok (Навагрудак nava'ɣrudak Новогрудок also known as Nowogródek and Naugardukas is a city in the Hrodna Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers At that time the town had a market square and four streets Wielenska, Zamkowa, Kamieńska and Krivaya. In 1588 Lida became the seat of Lida District in Vilnius Voivodeship. This is an article about a voivodeship in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Magdeburg Rights were granted to the town in 1590 and confirmed in 1776 by the Polish Sejm. Magdeburg Rights (Magdeburger Recht or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with By these rights Lida held two annual fairs of little import to the local economy. The population was between 2000 to 5000 people.
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and imperial Russia
The 17th century was a difficult time in Lida. The Vilnа Governorate (1801-1840 often named Lithuania-Vilna Governorate) (Виленская губерния Vilenskaya guberniya, Vilniaus gubernija or Caught by invading to Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces of Russia and Sweden. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. A depression resulted, and people moved out of Lida. By 1786, 514 inhabitants were left in Lida. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common in 1795, Lida was annexed by the Russian Empire as a powiat centre of the Slonim Governorate (1795). Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Grodno Governorate, ( Гро́дненская губе́рнiя, gubernia grodzieńska Gardino gubernija was a Governorate ( Guberniya Afterwards, Lida was a part of the Lithuania Governorate in 1797 and of Grodno Governorate since 1801. The Vilnа Governorate (1801-1840 often named Lithuania-Vilna Governorate) (Виленская губерния Vilenskaya guberniya, Vilniaus gubernija or The Grodno Governorate, ( Гро́дненская губе́рнiя, gubernia grodzieńska Gardino gubernija was a Governorate ( Guberniya Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday
The town was greatly destroyed during the French occupation in 1812. Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year In 1817 the population was 1366 people. Since 1842 Lida was the "district" centre in Vilna Governorate. The Vilnа Governorate (1801-1840 often named Lithuania-Vilna Governorate) (Виленская губерния Vilenskaya guberniya, Vilniaus gubernija or In 1863 and 1873, two beer factories were built in Lida. In 1884, the railway Vilnius-Lunenets was finished. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. In 1907, the railway Molodechno-Mosty opened. The 1897 population was 8626 people.
A two-year school opened. Then, a parish school with the department for girls opened as did a Jewish school. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ In 1899 a hospital opened which consisted of 25 beds. In 1901 cast-iron plant began to operate. In 1903 sawmill started its operation. At the end of 19th century and at the beginning of 20 century two brick plants were built. In 1904, there were 1000 houses of which 275 were brick, fourteen small enterprises, four hospitals with beds for 115 people, and six elementary schools for 700 pupils. In 1904, in near Minsk the Russian Social Democratic Party was formed. Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers The Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party, or RSDLP ( Росси́йская Социа́л-Демократи́ческая Рабо́чая During the revolutions of 1905-07, the uprisings of the workers took place, complete with political slogans. In 1914, there were almost 40 factories.
Recent history
- During World War I Lida was occupied by the German troops. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany.
- 1919 the Red Army established Soviet power. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia.
- April 17 1919, Polish troops enter Lida. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Wojsko Polskie ( WP, Polish Army) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland.
- July 17, 1920 the Red Army returnes. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar
- September 30 1920 Polish regains control. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the
After 1920 Moscow Treaty it belonged to Lithuania until it was captured and anexed by Poland. The Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty, also known as the Moscow Peace Treaty, was signed between Lithuania and Soviet Russia on July 12 Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
In accordance with Riga Peace Treaty of 1921, it belonged to Poland as the powiat centre in Nowogródek Voivodship. The Peace of Riga, also known as the Treaty of Riga; (Ри́жский ми́рный договóр -- Romanisation Rízhsky Mírny dogovór --, Rīgas Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland In 1927, there were twenty-four factories in Lida. 1928 were years of rapid growth in the production. A new rubber good's factory started up, employing almost 800 people. Also, Lida was an important garrison of the Polish Army, with one infantry division and the 5th Corps of the Polish Air Force stationed there. Polish Land Forces (Wojska Lądowe RP is a branch of Poland 's Armed Forces.
In 1939 Lida became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (abbreviated as Byelorussian SSR or BSSR) (Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка Beginning January 1940 Lida was the centre of Lida Raion, Baranavichy Voblast. Baranavichy Oblast (Баранавіцкая вобласць Барановичская Область was a territorial unit in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic created
From June 1941 to July 1944, it was occupied by the German troops who slaughtered almost 25,149 people. Beginning of September 1944, Lida was in Hrodna Voblast. Hrodna Voblast or Grodno Oblast (Гродзенская вобласць Гродненская область is a Voblast ( Province) in northwestern
Historical monuments:
- Lida Castle
- Catholic Church in Lida
- Church of St. Joseph in Lida
Facts
- Altitude: 158 m
- Population: 99,600 (Jan 01, 1999)
- Stormy weather
 Recently reconstructed castle in Lida |
People
- David ben Aryeh Leib of Lida (ca. A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. Rabbi David ben Aryeh Leib of Lida (c1650-1696 wrote works of Rabbinic literature, including Sefer Shomer Shabbat and books on the 613 1650-1696), Ashkenazi rabbi
- Pola Raksa
See also
- Lida River
References
- ^ Zinkevičius, Zigmas (2007). Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Pola Raksa is a Polish movie star very popular in Poland in the 1960s and 1970s Senosios Lietuvos valstybės vardynas. Vilnius: Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute, p. The Science and Encyclopaedia Publishing Institute (Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas (MELI is a Lithuanian publishing house that issues encyclopedias reference 43. ISBN 5420016060.
External links
- Short article on history of Lida
- Lida Castle
- A Brief History of Lida District
- Article on History of Lida
- Lida on Official Region Site
- History
- Lida Memorial Society
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