“Libertine”
Single by Mylène Farmer from the album Cendres de Lune
Released	April 1, 1986
Format	7" single 7" maxi Cassette Digital download (since 2005)
Recorded	1986, France
Genre	Pop
Length	3:30
Label	Polydor
Writer(s)	Text : Laurent Boutonnat Music : Jean-Claude Déquéant
Producer	Laurent Boutonnat
Mylène Farmer singles chronology
"Plus grandir (1985) "Libertine" (1986) "Tristana" (1987) Alternate cover First cover Cendres de Lune track listing "Libertine" (1) "Au Bout de la nuit" (2) Les Clips track listing "Plus grandir" (2) "Libertine" (3) "Tristana" (4) En concert track listing "Ainsi soit je..." (5) "Libertine" (6) "Mouvements de lune (Part 1)" (7) Dance Remixes track listing "Pourvu qu'elles soient douces" (2) "Libertine" (3) "Je t'aime mélancolie" (4) Live à Bercy track listing "L'Autre. Mylène Farmer born Mylène Jeanne Gautier (12 September 1961 in Montreal, Canada is a French Singer, Songwriter, occasional Cendres de Lune is the first studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on first on April 1 1986 then one year later Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne See also Musical groups established in 1986 Record labels established in 1986 Events January A gramophone A gramophone A cassette single ( CS, also known by the trademark " Cassingle " or capitalized as the trademark " Cassette Single " is a music single See also Musical groups established in 1986 Record labels established in 1986 Events January This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Polydor Records is a Record label currently headquartered in the UK, and is a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both Laurent Pierre Marie Boutonnat (born June 14[[ 961]] in Paris) is a French Musician and director of films and music videos In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing Laurent Pierre Marie Boutonnat (born June 14[[ 961]] in Paris) is a French Musician and director of films and music videos Mylène Farmer born Mylène Jeanne Gautier (12 September 1961 in Montreal, Canada is a French Singer, Songwriter, occasional " Plus grandir " is a 1985 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. " Tristana " is a 1987 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. Cendres de Lune is the first studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on first on April 1 1986 then one year later Les Clips is a VHS recorded by the French singer Mylène Farmer, containing all the singer's videoclips from 1984 to 1987 " Plus grandir " is a 1985 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. " Tristana " is a 1987 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. En Concert is the first Live album by Mylène Farmer, released on December 4, 1989. " Ainsi soit je " is a 1988 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. Dance Remixes is the first Remix album by Mylène Farmer, released on November 23, 1992. " Pourvu qu'elles soient douces " is a 1988 Synthpop song by the French artist Mylène Farmer. " Je t'aime mélancolie " is a 1991 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. Live à Bercy is the second live album by Mylène Farmer, released on May 21, 1997. . . " (7) "Libertine" (8) "L'Instant X" (9) Music Videos I track listing "Plus grandir" (1) "Libertine" (2) "Pourvu qu'elles soient douces" (3) Les Mots track listing "Plus grandir" (2) "Libertine" (3) "Tristana" (4) RemixeS track listing "California" (8) "Libertine" (9) "Optimistique-moi" (10)

"Libertine" is a 1986 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. " L'Instant X " is a 1995 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. Music Videos I is a VHS / DVD recorded by the French singer Mylène Farmer, containing all the singer's videoclips from 1985 " Plus grandir " is a 1985 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. " Pourvu qu'elles soient douces " is a 1988 Synthpop song by the French artist Mylène Farmer. Les Mots is the first compilation by Mylène Farmer, released on November 26, 2001. " Plus grandir " is a 1985 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. " Tristana " is a 1987 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. RemixeS is a compilation of Mylène Farmer 's singles by various famous DJ. " California " is a 1995 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. " Optimistique-moi " is a 1999 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. See also Musical groups established in 1986 Record labels established in 1986 Events January This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Mylène Farmer born Mylène Jeanne Gautier (12 September 1961 in Montreal, Canada is a French Singer, Songwriter, occasional Third single from her first studio album Cendres de Lune, the song was released on April 1, 1986. Cendres de Lune is the first studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on first on April 1 1986 then one year later Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar)

In 2002, the song was covered by Kate Ryan. This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 2002 Kate Ryan (born Katrien Verbeeck on July 22 1980, in Tessenderlo, Belgium) is a Belgian Dance music singer/songwriter

Contents 1 Mylène Farmer version 1.1 Background and writing 1.2 Lyrics and music 1.3 Music video 1.3.1 Production 1.3.2 Plot 1.3.3 Viewings 1.4 Critical reception 1.5 TV and chart performances 1.6 Covers 1.7 Formats and track listings 1.8 Versions 1.9 Credits and personnel 1.10 Charts, certifications, sales 2 Kate Ryan version 2.1 Formats and track listings 2.2 Credits 2.3 Chart 3 External links 4 References

Mylène Farmer version

Background and writing

The song was inspired by a rock music, "L'Amour tutti frutti", composed in 1984 by Jean-Claude Déquéant. Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) It had not achieved success at the time, but was appreciated by the duo Farmer / Boutonnat who wanted to use it for their next song. When Farmer did tests of singing on the music, she repeated "Je suis une putin" ("I am a whore") in the refrain ; that inspired Boutonnat for the theme of the song. ^[1] Two vinyl's covers were released : the first one, in April, shows dark-haired Farmer wearing an orange robe, and the second one, in June, using an image from the videoclip with red-haired Farmer with a pistol in her hand. The song became a hit, fortunately, because Polydor, the record label of Farmer, could at any time break off the contract signed with the singer for two albums if the song had not been successful. In addition, the song allowed the album Cendres de Lune to be a success. Cendres de Lune is the first studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on first on April 1 1986 then one year later ^[2]

At the time, various remixes were produced by Boutonnat to the nightclubs. A nightclub (or "night club" or "club" is a drinking, dancing, and entertainment venue which does its primary business after dark An English version of the song, "Bad Girl", was recorded, but unlike "My Mum Is Wrong", it was not released as a single because the recording was not very conclusive. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States " Maman a tort " is a 1984 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. ^[3]

The song was performed on 1989 and 1996 concerts tours. Mylène Farmer en concert is the Farmer's 1989 concert tour in support of her second studio album Ainsi soit je It was also included in a medley during the Mylenium Tour. Mylenium Tour is Farmer's 1999 - 2000 concert tour in support of her fifth studio album Innamoramento.

Lyrics and music

"Libertine", one of the few songs whose lyrics were not composed by Farmer, contains many explicit references to sexuality. Generally speaking human sexuality is how people experience and express themselves as sexual beings ^[4] Some phrases are very obscure or seem inconsistent. ^[5]

Music video

Production

Produced by Polydor and directed by Boutonnat, the video was shot in five days at the Château de Ferrières and Château de Brou in France, with a budget of about 46,000 euros (76,000^[6] or 300,000 euros^[7] according to other sources). Polydor Records is a Record label currently headquartered in the UK, and is a subsidiary of Universal Music Group. Château de Ferrières is a French Château built between 1855 and 1859 by Baron James de Rothschild. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Farmer said at the time that the video had a derisory cost in comparison with the effect it has produced^[8]. Presented on June 18, 1986 in preview at the cinema of the Champs-Elysées, this music video was the first one whose length was so long (10:53). The Avenue des Champs-Élysées (ʃɑ̃zeliˈze) is the most prestigious avenue in Paris. ^[5]

It is said to be the first instance of full frontal nudity made by a singer on a major music video. Nudity is the state of wearing no Clothing. The term' "nudity" can also occasionally be used to refer to wearing significantly less clothing than expected

It was inspired by Stanley Kubrick's film Barry Lyndon. Barry Lyndon ( 1975) is a Period film by Stanley Kubrick based on the novel The Luck of Barry Lyndon (1844 by William ^[3] Most of the extras were actually employees of Polydor and Movie Box. ^[9]

Sophie Tellier, who plays the Woman in Red, was one of Farmer's dancers and also appeared in other singer's videos. She would also play Farmer's enemy in the video Tristana. " Tristana " is a 1987 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer.

Appropriately enough, Rambo Kolawski, the man who raped Farmer's character in the video for Plus grandir, also appears as the man she kills in the duel. " Plus grandir " is a 1985 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer.

Plot

The action takes place in mid-18th century France. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system

Libertine (Farmer) is a young woman who dresses as a man and spends her time in debauched parties. ^[10] When the film begins she and a man are about to engage in a duel with pistols, witnessed by a Woman in Red. As practiced from the 11th to 20th centuries in Western societies a duel is an engagement in combat between two individuals with matched weapons in accordance with their combat Libertine kills the man and runs away on a white horse, while the shot man's lover, the Woman in Red, threatens revenge.

Later, in a castle, Libertine has a bath with two other women, anatomies on full display. They then dress, Libertine in male attire, and go to a banquet hall filled with people engaged in various pleasures. A man sends Libertine a message and follows her to an upstairs room, rejecting the Woman in Red's advances. The man and Libertine make love. Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract (At this stage Farmer is shown fully naked, including full frontal, and the music stops to give way to sounds evoking eroticism (moans, cries of wolves). Nudity is the state of wearing no Clothing. The term' "nudity" can also occasionally be used to refer to wearing significantly less clothing than expected The grey wolf or gray wolf ( Canis lupus) also known as the timber wolf or simply wolf, is a Mammal of the order Carnivora )

When Libertine returns to the party she is attacked by the Woman in Red. They fight violently and some blood flows. Libertine, seriously hurt by a fireplace poker, and the man manage to escape on horseback, but the Woman in Red stages an ambush with accomplices and they are killed. Firestick redirects here For the Aboriginal practice see Fire-stick farming. An ambush is a long-established military tactic, in which the aggressors (the ambushing force use Concealment to attack a passing enemy The two murdered bodies are shown in close-up. In Film, Television, and Still photography a close-up tightly frames a person or an object ^{[11] [12] [13]}

Viewings

The video was aired on many TV channels, but sometimes in a shortened version removing the scenes of violence and sex. The character played by Farmer embodies "the liberal ideas of the [18th century], to the borders of vice and the loss of self", engaging in "extremes practices", such as the "sadomasochistic relationship" with the man. The software program VICE (all caps standing for V ersat' I' le C ommodore E mulator, is an Emulator for Commodore Sadism refers to Sexual or non-sexual gratification in the infliction of Pain or humiliation upon or by another person Thanks to this daring video, Farmer gained star status in France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ^[14]

At the time, she had explained in an interview that she was bare in this video, but that it was for the first and the last time. ^[15]

Critical reception

"Libertine" was generally well-received by contemporary media. France Soir considered this song has "a little music that puts in a good mood from the awakening". ^[16] The video was much discussed in the media and caused the stir. ^[17] It was described as a "detonating videoclip",^[18] "a real gem directed as a mini-movie",^[19] the music video "the most complete and the longest",^[20] "more a mini-movie than a videoclip",^[21] "the videoclip the strongest of the year". ^[22]

TV and chart performances

Farmer performed the song in numerous TV shows at the time, between January 20, 1986 and January 22, 1987. With more than 25 appearances in different programmes on various French and Belgian channels (TF1, Antenne 2, FR3, RTBF Belgium, La 5, RTL TV), "Libertine" is to date Farmer's song which was the most promoted on television. for the motorway in Tenerife Spain see TF1 Motorway, for the WWI aircraft Sopwith Camel#(Trench Fighter T France 2 is the largest French public Television network It is part of the France Télévisions group along with France 3, France 5 France 3 is the second largest French public Television channel and part of the France Télévisions group which also includes France 2 France 5 is a public television network in France, part of the France Télévisions group At certain performances, she also sang - in playback - "Maman a tort" and "Greta" and was sometimes interviewed. " Maman a tort " is a 1984 song recorded by the French artist Mylène Farmer. ^[23]

In France, the song debuted at the bottom of the singles chart (#43) on August 30, 1986. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It gained a fews places every week and reached #10 on October 25. The song managed to remain for 12 weeks in the top 20 and for 20 weeks on the chart. ^[24] The song was certified Silver disc in 1986 by the SNEP. ^[25] It was thus the first Farmer's top ten hit, becoming a very popular song in France over the years and one of the ten best-selling singles of the singer.

Covers

Several artists covered the song including :

• Ludwig Von 88, in 1994. ^[26]
• Edwige Chandelier, one of the dancers on the Farmer's 1989 tour, in 1996, for the album Les Plus Belles Chansons françaises - 1986. Mylène Farmer en concert is the Farmer's 1989 concert tour in support of her second studio album Ainsi soit je ^[27]
• Les Enfoirés, in 2000. Les Enfoirés ( French for "The Dumbasses" is the name given to the singers and performers in the yearly charity concert for the Restaurants du Cœur (Les The song was performed by Liane Foly, Karen Mulder, Axelle Red and Michèle Laroque and their version is available on the album Enfoirés en 2000, released on February 28, 2000. Karen Mulder, (born June 1, 1970 in Vlaardingen, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands) is a former Dutch model. Axelle Red (born Fabienne Demal in Hasselt, Flanders, Belgium, on 15 February 1968) is a Belgian Singer-songwriter Michèle Laroque (born June 15, 1960) is a French actress Comedian and Humorist. ^[28]
• Kate Ryan, in 2003. Kate Ryan (born Katrien Verbeeck on July 22 1980, in Tessenderlo, Belgium) is a Belgian Dance music singer/songwriter Her version is the best known of all these covers (see below).
• Les Dindes Suprêmes, in 2007. ^[29]

Formats and track listings

7" single - First cover - France A-side : "Libertine" (3:30) B-side : "Greta" (4:45) 7" single - Second cover - France A-side : "Libertine" (3:30) B-side : "Greta" (4:45) 7" maxi - First cover - France A-side : "Libertine" (3:30) B-side : "Libertine" (remix) (4:35) "Greta" (4:45) 7" maxi - Remix club - France A-side : "Libertine" (remix special club) (5:55) B-side : "Libertine" (remix) (4:35) "Greta" (4:45) 7" maxi - Sountrack - France A-side : Duel (2:20) Thème (3:22) Libertinages (1:35) B-side : Marche funèbre (3:14) "Libertine" (instrumental) (3:33)

7" single - Promo - France A-side : "Libertine" (single version) (3:30) B-side : "Greta" (4:45) 7" maxi - Remix club - Promo - France A-side : "Libertine" (remix special club) (5:55) B-side : "Libertine" (remix) (4:35) "Greta" (4:45) Digital download "Libertine" (album version - Cendres de Lune) (3:49) "Libertine" (album version - Les Mots) (3:30) "Libertine" (1989 live version) (12:00) "Libertine" (1996 live version) (5:40) "Libertine" (carnal sins remix) (7:00) "Libertine" (Y-Front remix) (4:02) Cassette - Promo - France A-side : "Libertine" (single version) (3:30) B-side : "Libertine" (single version) (3:30) 7" single - Without cover - Canada A-side : "Libertine" (single version) (3:30) B-side : "Greta" (4:45)

Versions

Official versions

Version	Length	Album	Remixed by	Year	Comment[5]
Album version	3:49	Cendres de Lune	Laurent Boutonnat	1986	See the previous sections
Single version	3:30			1986	One refrain is deleted. Cendres de Lune is the first studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on first on April 1 1986 then one year later Les Mots is the first compilation by Mylène Farmer, released on November 26, 2001. Cendres de Lune is the first studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on first on April 1 1986 then one year later Laurent Pierre Marie Boutonnat (born June 14[[ 961]] in Paris) is a French Musician and director of films and music videos
Instrumental	3:31			1986
Remix	4:35		Laurent Boutonnat	1986	The introduction and the musical bridges are extended. Laurent Pierre Marie Boutonnat (born June 14[[ 961]] in Paris) is a French Musician and director of films and music videos This article is about a bridge section in a piece of popular or classical music
New remix	3:35		Thierry Rogen	1986	The introduction is played on saxophone. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind A musical bridge is added.
Soundtrack from the video	3:22			1986
Remix special club	5:53	Cendres de Lune	Laurent Boutonnat	1986	This remix uses many drum machines. Cendres de Lune is the first studio album by Mylène Farmer, released on first on April 1 1986 then one year later Laurent Pierre Marie Boutonnat (born June 14[[ 961]] in Paris) is a French Musician and director of films and music videos For the early "drum machine" computers that used a rotating cylinder as their main memory see Drum memory A drum machine is an
Live version (recorded in 1989)	12:00	En concert		1989	See Mylène Farmer en concert
Carnal sins remix	7:00	Dance Remixes	Laurent Boutonnat	1992	This version adds suggestive sighs and cries of Farmer. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) En Concert is the first Live album by Mylène Farmer, released on December 4, 1989. Mylène Farmer en concert is the Farmer's 1989 concert tour in support of her second studio album Ainsi soit je Dance Remixes is the first Remix album by Mylène Farmer, released on November 23, 1992. Laurent Pierre Marie Boutonnat (born June 14[[ 961]] in Paris) is a French Musician and director of films and music videos
Live version (recorded in 1996)	5:40	Live à Bercy		1996	See 1996 Bercy
Live version (recorded in 2000)	0:30	Mylenium Tour		2000	The song is included in a medley. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Live à Bercy is the second live album by Mylène Farmer, released on May 21, 1997. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Mylènium Tour is the third live album by Mylène Farmer, released on December 5, 2000. See Mylenium Tour
Album version	3:30	Les Mots	Laurent Boutonnat	2001	The song is remasterised. Mylenium Tour is Farmer's 1999 - 2000 concert tour in support of her fifth studio album Innamoramento. Les Mots is the first compilation by Mylène Farmer, released on November 26, 2001. Laurent Pierre Marie Boutonnat (born June 14[[ 961]] in Paris) is a French Musician and director of films and music videos
Y-Front remix	4:02	RemixeS	Y-Front	2003	This is a techno remix. RemixeS is a compilation of Mylène Farmer 's singles by various famous DJ. Techno is a form of Electronic dance music (EDM that emerged in Detroit, Michigan, USA during the mid to late 1980s

Credits and personnel

• Text : Laurent Boutonnat
• Music : Jean-Claude Déquéant
• Editions : Bertrand Le Page and Toutankhamon
• Recording company : Polydor
• Photography : Laurent Boutonnat (first cover) / Eric Caro (second cover)
• Design : Studio Bonne Mine

Charts, certifications, sales

Chart (1987) Peak position French Singles Chart[24] 10

Country Certification Sales France Silver[25] 400,000

Kate Ryan version

“Libertine”
Single by Kate Ryan from the album Different
Released	2002
Format	CD single CD maxi 12" maxi
Genre	Pop
Length	3:13
Label	EMI
Writer(s)	Laurent Boutonnat Jean-Claude Déquéant
Producer	Phil Wilde AJ Duncan
Kate Ryan singles chronology
"Mon Cœur résiste encore" (2002) "Libertine" (2002) "Only If I" (2004)

Formats and track listings

CD single "Libertine" (radio edit) (3:13) "So in Love" (4:01) CD maxi 1 "Libertine" (radio edit) (3:13) "Libertine" (extended) (6:42) "So in Love" (radio edit) (3:48)

CD maxi 2 "Libertine" (radio mix) (3:13) "Libertine" (extended mix) (6:41) "So in Love" (radio mix) (3:49) "So in Love" (extended mix) (6:20) 12" maxi "Libertine" (extended) (6:42) "Libertine" (radio edit) (3:13) "So in Love" (radio edit) (3:48)

Credits

• Mastered by Paul van der Jonckheyd
• Mixed by Peter Bulkens
• Photography : Philippe Mathys
• Producers : AJ Duncan , Phil Wilde

Chart

Chart (2002-2003)[30]	Peak position
Austrian Singles Chart	7
Belgian (Flanders) Singles Chart	7
Belgian (Wallonia) Singles Chart	34
Danish Singles Chart	15
Euro 200[31]	26
Finnish Singles Chart	20
French Singles Chart	48
Norwegian Singles Chart	15
Swedish Singles Chart	16
Swiss Singles Chart	26

External links

• "Libertine", lyrics

References

Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

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