The seven liberal arts – Picture from the Hortus deliciarum of Herrad von Landsberg (12th century)

The term refers to a particular type of educational curriculum broadly defined as a classical education. Hortus deliciarum ( Latin: Garden of Delights) is a Medieval Manuscript compiled by Herrad of Landsberg at the Hohenburg Herrad of Landsberg (c1130 - July 25 1195) was a 12th century Alsatian Nun and Abbess of Hohenburg Abbey in the In formal education a curriculum (plural curricula) is the set of courses and their content offered at a School or University.

History

Definition

The term 'liberal arts' is described in the Encyclopædia Britannica as a "college or university curriculum aimed at imparting general knowledge and developing intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc This article is about people called professionals For the Movie, see The Professional or Leon. A vocation is an occupation for which a person is suited trained or qualified " In classical antiquity, the term designated the education proper to a freeman (Latin: libera, "free") as opposed to a slave. Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The institution of Slavery in ancient Rome increased those held to a condition of more than persons under their legal system. In the medieval Western university, the seven liberal arts were:

• the Trivium

1. grammar
2. rhetoric
3. logic

• the Quadrivium

4. geometry
5. arithmetic
6. music
7. astronomy

In modern colleges and universities, the liberal arts include the study of theology, art, literature, languages, philosophy, history, mathematics, and science. This article is about Western European institutions See also Medieval university (Asia and Byzantine university Medieval university In medieval universities, the trivium comprised the three subjects taught first Grammar, Logic, and Rhetoric. Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. Rhetoric has had many definitions no simple definition can do it justice Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and Inference. The quadrivium comprised the four subjects or arts taught in Medieval universities after the trivium. Geometry ( Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth metria = measure is a part of Mathematics concerned with questions of size shape and relative position Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αριθμός = number is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics used by almost everyone Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding ^[1]

Visual arts

During the Renaissance a considerable propaganda campaign was mounted to support the promotion to the number of liberal arts of architecture, painting and sculpture, though not necessarily for their inclusion in the educational curriculum in the same way. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere The term architecture (from Greek αρχιτεκτονικήarchitektoniki) can be used to mean a process a profession or documentation Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Previously they had been classified among the mechanical or manual arts. Among those writing to support their inclusion were Leon Battista Alberti, Leonardo da Vinci, Giorgio Vasari and many others. Leon Battista Alberti ( February 14, 1404 &ndash April 25, 1472) was an Italian author artist Architect, Poet Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer Giorgio Vasari ( 30 July 1511 – 27 June 1574) was an Italian painter and Architect, who is today famous At least in Italy, and among Renaissance humanists, the battle was largely won by about 1500,^[2] though in remoter regions like Spain and England the process took up to another century. Renaissance Humanism was a European intellectual movement beginning in Florence in the last decades of the 14th century

Liberal arts colleges

Main article: Liberal arts college

Further information: Liberal arts colleges in the United States

Liberal arts colleges are institutions which place a particular emphasis upon undergraduate study in the liberal arts. Liberal arts colleges are primarily colleges with an emphasis upon Undergraduate study in the Liberal arts. Liberal arts colleges in the United States are institutions of Higher education in the United States. Liberal arts colleges are primarily colleges with an emphasis upon Undergraduate study in the Liberal arts. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. Generally, a full-time, four-year course of study at a liberal arts college leads students to a Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science degree. A Bachelor of Science ( BS, BSc or BSc in the UK; less commonly S Liberal arts colleges have traditionally emphasized interactive instruction (although research is still a component of these institutions) and are usually residential. A residential college is an organisational pattern for a division of a University that places academic activity in a Community setting of students and faculty usually They typically have a smaller enrollment, class size, and higher teacher-to-student ratios than universities. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects These colleges also encourage a high level of teacher-student interaction at the center of which are classes taught by full-time faculty rather than graduate student teaching assistants (who teach some classes at Research I and other universities). A teaching assistant (TA is a junior Scholar employed on a temporary contract by a College or University in teaching-related responsibilities Research I university was a category previously used by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education to indicate those universities that engaged A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Although the genesis for what is known today as the liberal arts college began in Europe, ^[3] the term is commonly associated with liberal arts colleges in the United States. Liberal arts colleges in the United States are institutions of Higher education in the United States. Liberal arts colleges are found in countries all over the world as well.

Following completion of their undergraduate studies at liberal arts colleges, students often continue to graduate study in other institutions, such as professional schools (for instance, in business, law, medicine, or theology) or graduate schools. Professional school may refer to Journalism school Law school Business school Public policy school A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective A graduate school or ("grad school" is a school that awards advanced degrees such as doctoral degrees with the general requirement that students must have earned

References

Further reading

• Blaich, Charles, Anne Bost, Ed Chan, and Richard Lynch. Defining Liberal Arts Education. Center of Inquiry in the Liberal Arts, 2004.
• Blanshard, Brand. Percy Brand Blanshard ( August 27, 1892 &ndash November 19, 1987) was an American philosopher known primarily for his defense of Reason The Uses of a Liberal Education: And Other Talks to Students. (Open Court, 1973. ISBN 0-8126-9429-5)
• Friedlander, Jack. Measuring the Benefits of Liberal Arts Education in Washington's Community Colleges. Los Angeles: Center for the Study of Community Colleges, 1982a. (ED 217 918)
• Joseph, Sister Miriam. Sister Miriam Joseph Rauh CSC, PhD (1898-1982 was a member of the Sisters of the Holy Cross The Trivium: The Liberal Arts of Logic, Grammar, and Rhetoric. Paul Dry Books Inc, 2002.
• Pfnister, Allen O. "The Role of the Liberal Arts College. " The Journal of Higher Education. Vol. 55, No. 2 (March/April 1984): 145-170.
• Reeves, Floyd W. "The Liberal-Arts College. " The Journal of Higher Education. Vol. 1, No. 7 (1930): 373-380.
• Seidel, George. "Saving the Small College. " The Journal of Higher Education. Vol. 39, No. 6 (1968): 339-342.
• Winterer, Caroline. The Culture of Classicism: Ancient Greece and Rome in American Intellectual Life, 1780-1910. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002.
• Wriston, Henry M. The Nature of a Liberal College. Henry Merritt Wriston ( July 4, 1889 &ndash1978 was a United States educator and served as president at both Brown University and Lawrence University Lawrence University Press, 1937.

See also

• Bachelor of Liberal Studies
• Bachelor of Liberal Arts
• Bachelor of General Studies
• Bachelor of Arts

External links

• Philosophy of Liberal Education
• Liberal Arts at the Community College
• A Descriptive Analysis of the Community College Liberal Arts Curriculum
• The Center of Inquiry in the Liberal Arts
• Academic Commons
• CatholiCity: Catholic Encyclopedia